經濟學人|比特幣的未來會怎樣

經濟學人|比特幣的未來會怎樣

比特幣,如今在金融界掀起風暴的虛擬貨幣,漲勢洶洶,但是未來會如何呢?是不是能持久發展,還是最終會像泡沫一樣破滅?

Big investors starting to take sides in bitcoin bubble debate

比特幣泡沫爭論中大型投資者開始選擇立場

[1] Is bitcoin a legitimate asset, or a super-bubble waiting to implode? As prices for thecryptocurrency skyrocket, investors and pundits are increasingly taking sides.

bubble:[ˈbʌbl] n. 氣泡;泡影 v. 起泡;冒泡

His hope vanished like a bubble.

他的希望化作泡影。

legitimate:[ləˈdʒɪtəmɪt] adj.合法的,合理的;正規的

implode:[ɪm'ploʊd] v. 內爆;向內聚爆;崩潰,瓦解

cryptocurrency:[ˈkrɪptəʊˌkʌr(ə)nsi] n.加密數字貨幣

skyrocket:[ˈskaɪrɑ:kɪt] vi.突升,猛漲

pundit:[ˈpʌndɪt] n.評論員;有學問的人

比特幣是一種合法資產還是將要破滅的超級泡沫?隨著數字貨幣的價格突飛猛漲,越來越多的投資者和學者在表明立場。

[2]Whether you’re a backer or a detractor, what’s not in doubt is bitcoin’s dizzyingrally this year. The most widely used digital currency crossed the $7,000 (£5,360) mark on Thursday and is up more than 650 per cent in 2017. It’s managed to whip past the $100bn total value mark despite governmental crackdowns and mainstream marketskepticism. Bitcoin was trading at $7,207 at 3 pm Hong Kong time on Friday.

detractor:[dɪˈtræktər] n.貶低者

dizzying:[ˈdɪziɪŋ] adj.令人昏亂的,燦爛的

rally:[ˈræli] n.集合;重新集合;重整的信號;反敗為勝

whip:[wɪp] v. 抽打;徹底打敗;(故意)激起(情緒)

despite:[dɪ'spaɪt] prep. 儘管;不管 n. 憎恨;輕視

crackdown:[ˈkrækdaʊn] n.壓迫,鎮壓;打擊

mainstream:['meɪnstriːm] n.(思想或行為的)主流;主要傾向,主要趨勢

skepticism:['skeptɪsɪzəm] n.懷疑態度,懷疑論;多疑癖

無論你是一個支持者還是一個批評者,不可否認的是,比特幣今年的漲勢令人震驚。比特幣作為應用最廣泛的數字貨幣,週四(11月2日)價格突破了7000美元(5360英鎊),它在2017年漲幅超過650%。儘管承受著政府的鎮壓和主流市場的懷疑,比特幣總市值還是成功超過了1000億美元。週五,香港時間下午三點,比特幣的交易價格達到7207美元。

[3]With the rhetoric for and against heating up this week amid bitcoin’s barreling gains, here’s a look at where some big names in finance stand — from those who see it as the natural evolution of money, to the naysayers waiting for the asset to crash and burn.

rhetoric:[ˈrɛtərɪk] n.修辭學;花言巧語;辯論法,雄辯術

amid:[ə'mɪd] prep.(表示位置)在…中間;(表示環境)處於…環境中;由於存在…情況

He is amid his enemies.

他被敵人包圍。

barrel:[ˈbærəl] v.飛奔;疾駛;高速行駛

naysayer:['neɪˌseɪə] n.反對者,否認者,老愛唱反調的人

crash and burn:(北美,非正式)悲痛欲絕,一敗塗地

針對比特幣飛速增長的收益,譭譽言論都在不斷湧出,並愈演愈烈。接下來看一些金融界重要人物的看法,這些人有的將比特幣視為貨幣的自然進化的人,有的是反對者,在等待著這些資產崩潰毀滅。

Bitcoin's Backers

比特幣的支持者

[4]The digital currency's evangelists are led by Roger Ver, known in the industry as “Bitcoin Jesus.” Ver remains optimistic about bitcoin’s sustainability amid attempts from governments like China to curb some of the more speculative elements of trading. “The only way to stop (bitcoin) is to turn off the entire Internet in the entire world and keep it turned off,” he said in a September interview with Bloomberg News. Some countries are jumping on the bitcoin bandwagon, with Argentina’s most important futures market considering offering services to investors in digital currencies, while Turkish Central Bank Governor Murat Cetinkaya said digital currencies may contribute to financial stability if designed well. Former Legg Mason Inc. fund manager Bill Miller has boosted his Miller Value Fund’s holdings in bitcoin to 30 per cent from 5 per cent a year ago. The investment has paid off — his fund is up 72.5 per cent this year.

evangelist:[ɪˈvændʒəlɪst] n.福音傳教士;聖經新約福音書的作者,福音傳道者

optimistic:[ˌɑ:ptɪˈmɪstɪk] adj.樂觀的,樂觀主義的

sustainability:[səˌsteɪnə'bɪləti] n. 持續性,能維持性

speculative:[ˈspekjələtɪv] adj.投機的;思考的;推理的,揣摩的

curb:[kɜ:rb] vt.制止,束縛

bandwagon:[ˈbændˌwæɡən] n.(尤指政客順應的)時髦,潮流

holding:['hoʊldɪŋ] n. 股份;耕地;舉行;收藏品

數字貨幣的佈道者由羅傑•沃領導,他在業界被稱為“比特幣耶穌”。一些國家政府(例如中國)試圖採取行動,以抑制一些投機性更強的交易元素。這種狀況下羅傑•弗仍對比特幣的可持續性持樂觀態度。九月份他接受彭博新聞社採訪時說:“阻止(比特幣)的唯一途徑是關閉全世界的互聯網,並且要保持關閉狀態。”一些國家正在加入比特幣潮流中來。阿根廷最重要的期貨市場正在考慮向投資者提供數字貨幣服務。土耳其中央銀行行長穆拉特•切廷卡亞表示,數字貨幣如果設計得當,或許有助於促進金融穩定。美盛公司前任基金經理比爾•米勒提高了他的米勒價值基金比特幣持有量,一年前該比例是5%,如今增長到30%。這一投資已經得到了回報——今年他的基金增長了72.5%。

Bitcoin’s Detractors

比特幣的反對者

[5]Speculation around bitcoin is the “very definition of a bubble,” Credit Suisse chief executive Tidjane Thiam told reporters in Zurich on Thursday. “The only reason today to buy or sell bitcoin is to make money,” and such speculation “has rarely led to a happy end,” Thiam said. Themis Trading raised a red flag this week after CME announced plans to introduce bitcoin futures, saying the world’s largest exchange owner appeared to have “caved in” to pressure from clients. “A bitcoin future would be placing a seal of approval around a very risky, unregulated instrument that has a history of fraud andmanipulation,” the firm said in a blog post. JPMorgan chief executive Jamie Dimon remains one of Wall Street’s most strident bitcoin opponents, saying in October that people who buy the currency are “stupid” and that governments will eventually crush it.

speculation:[ˌspɛkjəˈleʃən] n.投機活動;投機買賣

cave:[keɪv] n.洞穴;〈方〉地窖 vt.& vi.(使)塌陷,倒塌

seal:[siːl] n. 封條;印章;海豹 v. 密封;蓋印;明確

The envelope was firmly sealed.

這個信封封得很嚴實。

manipulation:[məˌnɪpjʊˈleʃən] n.操縱;控制;(熟練的)操作;(對賬目等的)偽造

strident:[ˈstraɪdn:t] adj.刺耳的;尖銳的;軋軋叫的

週四,瑞士信貸銀行首席執行官譚天忠在蘇黎世姆向記者表示,關於比特幣的投機正是一種“典型的泡沫定義”。他說,“現在人們買賣比特幣的唯一原因就是為了賺錢”,而且這種“投機行為”很少有一個好結局。在芝加哥商品交易所宣佈要做比特幣期貨後,塞密斯交易公司發表了一篇博客提出警告,稱世界上最大的商品交易所已經屈服於來自客戶的壓力。“比特幣期貨似乎是為比特幣蓋上了合法印章,然而比特幣是一種風險極大、缺乏監管的投資工具,還有欺詐和操縱的歷史。” 傑米•戴蒙是摩根大通首席執行官,他是華爾街裡最激進的比特幣反對者。10月時,傑米•戴蒙曾經公開表示,購買比特幣的人是“愚蠢的”,政府最終將會粉碎比特幣。

On the Fence

中立者

[6]While CME’s decision to offer bitcoin futures by the end of the year appears to be anendorsement of the currency’s viability, chief executive Terry Duffy demurred when asked whether he’s concerned about a potential bubble. “I’ve seen a lot of different bubbles over the last 37 years,” he said on Bloomberg TV. “It’s not up to me to predict if it’s a bubble or not — what I’m here to do is to help people manage risk.” Goldman Sachs.

fence:[fens] n. 柵欄;圍牆;買賣贓物的人

endorsement:[ɪnˈdɔ:rsmənt] n.背書;認可;擔保

viability:[ˌvaɪə'bɪlətɪ] n.生存能力,發育能力

demur:[dɪˈmə:] vi.表示異議,反對

He demurred to my statement.

他對我的陳述提出異議。

雖然芝加哥商品交易所宣佈在年底前推出比特幣期貨,其首席執行官特里•達菲被問及比特幣是否是一個泡沫時,態度卻並不肯定。特里•達菲在彭博社電視採訪上說:“在過去的37年裡,我見過各種各樣的泡沫。比特幣是不是泡沫並不由我來預測,我的工作是幫助人們管理風險。”

[7]Chief executive Lloyd Blankfein isn’t sure what to make of bitcoin and is unwilling to reject the digital currency just yet. “I know that once upon a time, a coin was worth $5 if it had $5 worth of gold in it,” Blankfein said in another Bloomberg TV interview. “Now we have paper that is just backed by fiat ... maybe in the new world, something gets backed by consensus.” While Thomas J. Lee of Fundstrat Global Advisors has turned cautiouson bitcoin in the short term because of its big gains, he remains a long-term bull on the digital currency — maintaining a 2022 price target of $25,000.

fiat:[ˈfi:æt] n.命令,許可

consensus:[kənˈsensəs] n.一致;輿論;一致同意,合意

cautious:[ˈkɔ:ʃəs] adj.小心的,謹慎的

bull:[bʊl] n.公牛;股市看漲的人

高盛集團首席執行官勞爾德•貝蘭克梵目前還不確定該如何把握比特幣,但也不願意放棄比特幣。他在彭博社電視採訪時表示:“我知道在過去,如果一個硬幣有價值5美元的金子,那它就值5美元。現在我們所用的紙幣只是靠法令規定的。也許在未來的新世界,貨幣會是由共識建立起來的。” 因為比特幣的回報激增,Fundstrat全球顧問公司的托馬斯•李會在短期內對比特幣保持謹慎態度。但他仍然看漲數字貨幣,堅持著自己的目標——2022年比特幣價格會達到25000美元。

支持者和反對者似乎都太過激進,中立者的謹慎態度可能更適合普通人,誰也不知道比特幣會不會和以往那些絢爛而短暫的泡沫一樣,但是直接拒絕這類數字貨幣也可能錯失良機。那麼對於比特幣的未來,你又是如何看的呢?

英文原文:

http://www.economist.com

講解:霞姐 / Tiassa / Angel

翻譯 / 校對:Angel

本次文章翻譯為原創,但對網絡翻譯有借鑑

經濟學人|比特幣的未來會怎樣


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