這篇文章介紹了一下如何在Vmare下添加或擴展磁盤並使之有效。

環境

創建Linux時分配磁盤空間隨著使用的增加，使用率逐漸升高，此時需要在添加或者擴展一下磁盤。

比如：此Linux(CentOS 7.3)的磁盤目前已經使用到接近80%

[root@mail ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) 
[root@mail ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl_angular-root 17811456 13985948 3825508 79% /
devtmpfs 1521180 0 1521180 0% /dev
tmpfs 1532160 0 1532160 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1532160 8776 1523384 1% /run
tmpfs 1532160 0 1532160 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 1038336 123500 914836 12% /boot
tmpfs 306432 0 306432 0% /run/user/0
[root@mail ~]#

擴展磁盤或者添加磁盤

Vmware下有兩種方式：

添加磁盤
擴展磁盤

注意：擴展磁盤需要在此虛擬機停止的狀態下進行，同時擴展的數字是擴展後的預期大小，比如事前為20G，希望擴展10G，應該輸入30。這篇文章使用擴展磁盤的方式。

確認狀態

擴展後，重新啟動linux，使用fdisk確認磁盤空間是否已經擴展

[root@mail ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005ba89
 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_angular-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_angular-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@mail ~]#

可以看到“Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB”，已經擴展了10G空間。

格式化分區

[root@mail ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
 p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
 e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (41943040-62914559, default 41943040): 
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-62914559, default 62914559): 
Using default value 62914559
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 
 1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 
 5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 
 6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 
 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 
 9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access 
 a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O 
 b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor 
 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs 
 e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT 
 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 

1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT 
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix 
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@mail ~]#

執行 partprobe或者重啟

執行 partprobe命令用於將磁盤分區表變化信息通知內核，並請求操作系統重新加載分區表，可以避免必須重新啟動的問題，這裡我們reboot一下。

分區確認

通過fdisk可以確認到已經添加了sda3

[root@mail ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0005ba89
 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 41943039 19921920 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 41943040 62914559 10485760 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_angular-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/cl_angular-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors 

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@mail ~]#