PM Modi aims to woo voters with pre-election perks
莫迪總理在選舉前頒佈激勵措施，旨在拉攏選民
NEW DELHI: The government has recently announced a series of measures to try to win over farmers, small business owners and the less well-off, after the BJP suffered setbacks in state elections and with a general election due in months.
新德里消息: 印度政府最近宣佈了一系列措施，試圖贏得農民、小企業主和較不富裕群體的支持。此前，人民黨在邦選舉中受挫，大選將於幾個月後舉行。
The measures are likely to be a drain on finances in Asia's third-biggest economy, where Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government is trying to stick to a decade-low fiscal deficit target of 3.3 per cent of the gross domestic product (GDP).
這些措施可能會消耗印度這個亞洲第三大經濟體的財政。印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪領導的政府正試圖將財政赤字控制在國內生產總值(GDP)的3.3%，這是10年來的最低的財政赤字目標。
But Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party has promised even more perks ahead of the general election, which must be held by May.
但莫迪領導的印度人民黨承諾，在5月份舉行的大選之前，將提供更多補貼。
"They will be for development, they will be for transformation," Ravi Shankar Prasad minister for law, justice, and information technology, told parliament this week, referring to inducements for the electorate.
"Who wins or loses, the people will decide. We are confident when elections happen, the country's public will again give a big majority to the ruling coalition led by Narendra Modi."
印度法律、司法和信息技術部長拉維•尚卡爾•普拉薩德(Ravi Shankar Prasad)本週對議會表示:“對選民的激勵措施將促進發展和轉型。誰贏誰輸，由人民來決定。我們有信心，選舉時，印度公眾將再次給予莫迪領導的執政聯盟多數席位。”
Reuters reported this week that the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) could transfer an interim dividend of Rs 30,000 crore-Rs 40,000 crore ($4.3 billion-$5.8 billion) to the government by March to help meet the fiscal deficit target as spending rises ahead of the election.
路透社本週報道稱，印度儲備銀行可能在3月份之前將3000億至4000億盧比(合43億至58億美元)的中期股息轉至政府，以助在大選前支出增加之際實現財政赤字目標。
Following are steps the government has taken, in addition to proposals for farm-loan waivers worth billions of dollars after the main opposition Congress defeated the BJP in the agrarian states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Chhattisgarh in state assembly elections late last year.
去年底，印度主要反對黨國大黨在中央邦、拉賈斯坦邦和恰蒂斯加爾邦的議會選舉中擊敗了印度人民黨，為此政府除了提議減免數十億美元的農業貸款外，還採取了以下措施：
Help for small businesses
The government on January 10 announced a change in national sales tax rules that would exempt an additional two million small businesses.
Businesses with annual sales of up to Rs 40 lakh ($56,700) will be exempt from the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Currently, firms with an annual turnover of up to Rs 20 lakh are exempt. The change will come into effect in April.
幫助小型企業
1月10日，政府宣佈對國家銷售稅規則進行修改，將額外免除200萬家小型企業的稅收。年銷售額不超過400萬盧比(合5.67萬美元)的企業將免徵商品和服務稅(GST)。目前，年營業額達200萬盧比的公司可享受免稅政策。這一變更將於4月份生效。
Help for farmers
Modi is considering three options for a relief package to help farmers suffering because of low crop prices at a cost of as much as Rs 3 lakh crore ($42.82 billion), according to three government sources. The possibilities are a direct payment to all landowning farmers, compensation for those who sold produce below government prices, and a loan forgiveness programme.
幫助農民
據三位政府人士透露，莫迪正在考慮三種救濟方案，以幫助因農作物價格低而遭受高達30億盧比(428.2億美元)損失的農民，包括直接支付給所有擁有土地的農民，補償那些以低於政府價格出售農產品的農民，以及一項貸款減免計劃。
Job reservation
Parliament passed a landmark bill on Wednesday reserving 10 per cent of government jobs for people outside high-income brackets. Under the amendment to the constitution, floated by the BJP, people with an annual income of less than Rs 8,00,000 ($11,355), and owning less than five acres of land, would be eligible.
India already has job and education quotas for its lowest social classes, but this is the first time upper caste Hindus and people from other religions will benefit from affirmative action.
工作預留名額
議會週三通過了一項具有里程碑意義的法案，將10%的政府職位保留給高收入階層以外的人。根據印度人民黨提出的憲法修正案，年收入低於80萬盧比(合11355美元)、土地持有不到5英畝的人將有資格申請。
印度已經為最低階層設定了就業和教育配額，但這是高種姓印度教徒和其他宗教人士首次受益於平權舉措。
Onions
The government on December 28 doubled export incentives for onion farmers to 10 per cent, following a steep drop in prices of the important staple. The export incentive programme allows farmers to get credit from the government, which can be used to pay various taxes.
洋蔥
在洋蔥價格大幅下跌之後，去年12月28日，政府將洋蔥種植者的出口激勵提高了一倍，至10%。出口激勵計劃允許農民從政府獲得貸款，用於支付各種稅收。
E-commerce rules
The government said on December 26 it would ban e-commerce companies such as Amazon.com and the Walmart-owned Flipkart Group from selling products from companies in which they have an equity interest.
The rule will be applicable from February 1, and came after complaints from retailers and traders, who say the big companies are using their control over inventory from their affiliates, and through exclusive sales agreements, to create an unfair market that allows them to sell some products at very low prices.
電商規則
政府於12月26日表示，將禁止亞馬遜和沃爾瑪旗下Flipkart Group等電商公司銷售其持股公司的產品。
規則將於2月1日生效。此前，零售商和貿易商抱怨稱，大公司正利用其對子公司庫存的控制，通過獨家銷售協議，營造不公平市場，允許它們以極低的價格銷售某些產品。
Sales tax cut
On December 22, the government slashed the sales tax rate on more than 20 items - including televisions, batteries and movie tickets - aiming to appeal to traders and the middle class.
營業稅減免
12月22日，政府對包括電視、電池和電影票在內的20多種商品大幅下調了營業稅，旨在吸引商人和中產階級。
印度時報讀者評論：
Mahesh - 16 hours ago -Follow
BJP should do their best to garner more votes and come back to power so that the
印度人民黨應該盡最大努力爭取更多選票，再度執政。
Suresh Kamath - 16 hours ago -Follow
Reforms for the benefit of the PEOPLE of the Nation is always WELCOME with both hands and such more of reforms NEEDED to lift the BPL stage of the Lower Income Group
I-T relief and less TAXES for the Honest Salaried Class would surely be more helpful for the PEOPLE
為了印度人民的利益而進行的改革總是大受歡迎，應該進行更多改革，提高低收入群體的收入水平。為誠實的工薪階層減稅收肯定對人民更有益。
AROP - 16 hours ago -Follow
Midi nation need you not fake Gandus. To counter fake Gandus take measures you like because idiot RaGa is promising falsely. We appreciate any steps taken in favour of poor farmers. The problem is farm product price is almost stagnate due to low inflation. Your rule is the best, scam free.
國家需要莫迪，不需要騙子拉胡爾，拉胡爾只會做虛假承諾。我們讚賞為幫助貧困農民所採取的措施。由於低通貨膨脹，農產品價格幾乎停滯不前。莫迪制定的規則是最好的，沒有騙人。
Munna Mobile - Thane - 16 hours ago -Follow
Where is the promised Ache Din?
承諾的“好日子”呢？
Yogesh - Location - 16 hours ago -Follow
Give financial assistance to farmers at the rate of Rs.5000/= per acre, twice a year for a sure success in the 2019 elections.
要想贏得2019選舉，就大方給每位農民5000盧比/英畝的財政補貼，一年發兩次。
Sameer - Pune - 16 hours ago -Follow
Funny guy after 5 years he realizes he was elected by the people of this country to work for them and not for touring, no amount of jumlas will save you now, your blind bhakts notwithstanding
5年後，莫迪才意識到人民選他是讓他為國家幹實事，不是周遊各國。
Raj Narayan - Bangalore - 16 hours ago -Follow
This is nothing but a jumla. I am sure, on paper he will say he has paid to all the farmers before May end, but once the result is out, he will say there is some clerical error and one right side zero has been added by mistake. Jumla sarkar, nothing else.
這就是空頭支票。我敢肯定，他會說在五月底之前已經支付給所有農民了，但是一旦選舉結果出來，他會說有一些筆誤，右邊多加了一個零。
Satya - 16 hours ago -Follow
nothing will save BJP 's rout in May.
沒有什麼能挽救印度人民黨在5月的潰敗。
Cybe Tron - 16 hours ago -Follow
Election drama. Ones voted back to power everything will be reversed.
選舉鬧劇。一旦再次上臺，一切都會被顛覆。
Indian - 13 hours ago -Follow
he hasn't done anything for the people who are actually contributing to the taxes... middle class are the biggest loosers
莫迪沒有為那些真正納稅的人做過實事，中產階級最慘。
Sameer - Pune - 16 hours ago -Follow
Waking up after 5 years?
5年之後才醒悟?
Anonymous - 13 hours ago -Follow
More jumlas will be seen from jumla raja
接下來，還會有更多的空頭支票
Freedom & Progress - 13 hours ago -Follow
This is basically bribing for votes.
這基本上就是賄選。
Saleem Khan - mumbai - 15 hours ago -Follow
Hope elections are held every 6 months so that all promises are fulfilled
希望每六個月舉行一次選舉，這樣所有的承諾都能兌現。
Samiuddin Ahmed - 16 hours ago -Follow
WHO THE HELL NEED PERKS? WE WANT JOBS. PERKS WILL BE OF NO USE AS IT IS TEMPORARY RELIEF.
誰要補貼?我們要的是工作。補貼是沒有用的，只是暫時的救濟。
Sameer - Pune - 16 hours ago -Follow
Nothing will help, no jumlas are going to work, you should have worked in the last 5 years instead of touring other countries
無濟於事。過去5年，你本該幹實事的，而不是周遊各國。
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