说起长城你脑子里只有绵长蜿蜒的城墙？
向外国友人介绍长城你只知道
He who has never been to the Great Wall
is not a true man？
却又觉得翻阅资料太麻烦？
英文短片：The Great Wall
A 13000 mile dragon of earth and stone winds its way through the countryside of China.
With a history almost as long and serpentine as the structure.The Great Wall began as mutiple walls of rammed earth built by individual feudal states during the Chunqin period,to protect against nomadic raiders north of China and each other.
When Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the states in 221 BCE,the Tibetan Plateau and Pacific Ocean became natural barriers,but the mountains in the northy remained vulnerable,to Mongol Turkish,and Xiongnu invasions.To defend against them,the Emperor expanded the small walls built by his predecessors,connecting some and fortifying others.As the structures grew from Lintao in the west,tao Liaodang in the east,they collectively became known as The Long Wall.To accomplish this task.the Emperor enlisted soldiers and commoners,not always voluntarily.Of the hundreds of thousands of builders recorded during the Qin Dynasty,many were forcibly conscripted peasants,and others were criminals serving out sentences.
Under the Han Dynasty,the wall grew longer still,reaching 3700 miles,and spanning from Dunhuang to the bohai Sea.Forced labor continued under the Han Emperor Han-Wudi,and the walls reputation grew into a notorious place of suffering.Poems and legends of the time told of laborers buried,in near by mass graves or even within the wall itself.And while no human remains have been found inside,grave pits do indicate that many workers died from accidents、hunger and exhaustion.
The wall was formidable but not invinciable.Both Genghis and his son Khublai Khan managed to surmount the wall,during the Mongol invasion of the 13th Century.
After the Ming dynmasty gained control in 1368,they began to refortify and further consalidate the wall,using bricks and stones from locall kilns.Averaging 23 feet high and 2 feet wide,the walls 5500 mliles were punctuated by watchtowers.When raiders were sighted,fire and smoke signals traveled between tower,until reinforcements arrived.Small openings along the wall let archers fire on invaders,while larger ones were used to drop stones and more.But even this new and improved wall was not enough.
In 1644,northern Manchu clans overthrew the Ming to establish the Qing dynasty incorporting Mongolia as well.Thus in the second time,China was ruled by the very people the wall had tried to keep out.
With the empire's borders now extending beyond the Great Wall,the fortifications lost their purpose.And without regular reinforcement,the wall fell into disrepair,rammed earth eroded.While brick and stone were plundered for building material,but its job wasn't finished.During World War 2,China used sections for defense against Japanese invasion and some parts are still rumored to be used for military training.But the Walls main purpose today is cultural.As one of the largest man made structures on Earth,it was granted UNESCO World Heritage Status in 1987.Originally built to keep people out of China,the Great Wall now welcomes millions af visitors each year.In fact,the influx of tourists has caused the wall to deteriorate,leading the Chinese govermment to launch preservation initiatives.
It's also often acclaimed as the only man-made structure visible from space.Unfortunately,that's not all true.In low Earth orbit,all sorts of structures,like bridges,highways and airports are visible,and the Great Wall is only barely discernible.From the Earth it doesn't stand a chance.But regardless,it's the Earth we should be studying it from,because new sections are still discovered every few year branching from the main body and expanding this remarkable monument t to humam achievement.
What?
浏览全文嫌累？
别急！
中考词汇
dragon n.龙
stone n.石块
structure n.建筑
individual adj.个人的
state n.国家
mountain n.山
longer adj.更长的
hunger adj.饥饿的
build v.建立、建造
protect v.保护
history n.历史
soldier n.士兵
labor n.劳动
continue n.继续、坚持下去
accident n.意外事故
brick n.砖
中考短语
the Tibetan Plateau 西藏
Pacific Ocean 太平洋
in the west 在西部
in the east 在东部
as long as 一直、只要
each other 彼此
hundreds of 数百、成百
thousands of 数千、成千
near by 附近、在附近
manage to do 设法、设法做到
the second time 第二次
作文金句
1.A 13000 mile dragon of earth and stone winds its way through the countryside of China.
一条 13000 英里长的土石头龙蜿蜓穿过中国的乡村，历史几乎和结构一样长，蛇形。
2.As one of the largest man made structures on Earth,it was granted UNESCO World Heritage Status in 1987.
作为地球上最大的人造建筑之一,它于 1987 年被授予联合国教科文组织世界遗产。
3.Originally built to keep people out of China,the Great Wall now welcomes millions af visitors each year.
最初是为了让人们远离中国而建，长城现在每年迎接数百万游客。
4.It's also often acclaimed as the only man-made structure visible from space.
它也经常被称为从太空可见的唯一人造结构。
5.It's the Earth we should be studying it from,because new sections are still discovered every few year branching from the main body and expanding this remarkable monument to humam achievement.
从月球上看，它没有机会。但无论如何，我们应该从地球上研究它，因为每隔几年仍会发现新的部分，从主体分支出来。
纯英文短文看起来有困难？
学起来毫无压力
妥妥的~
一条 13000 英里长的土石头龙蜿蜓穿过中国的乡村，历史几乎和结构一样长，蛇形。
长城始于夯士的多面墙，春秋时期由个别封建国家建造，防止中国北方和其他地区的游牧袭击者。
秦始皇在公元前221年统一国家，青藏高原和太平洋成为天然屏障，但是北方的山区对蒙古人、土耳其人和匈奴人的入侵仍然很脆弱。为了抵御他们，皇帝扩大了他的前辈建造的小墙。连接一些并强化他人。随着结构从西部的临洮发展而来，到了东部的辽东。他们统称为长城。要完成这项任务，皇帝招募士兵和平民，不总是自愿的。在秦朝记录的数十万建造者中，许多人是强征入伍的农民，其他人是服刑的罪犯。
在汉代，墙壁长得更久了，达到3700英里，从敦煌到渤海。汉帝-武帝继续强迫劳动，墙壁声誉成了一个臭名昭着的苦难之墙。当时的诗歌和传说告诉埋葬的劳动在附近的集体墓地,甚至在墙内也是如此。虽然里面没有人遗体。严重的坑确实表明许多工人因事故、饥饿和疲惫而死亡。
墙很强大但不是无敌的。成吉思和他的儿子Khublai Khan都设法超越了这堵墙。在13世纪期间蒙古入侵。
明朝在1368年获得控制权后，他们开始重新整顿并进一步巩固隔离墙，使用当地窑炉的砖块和石头，平均高28英尺，宽21英尺。隔墙5500英里的墙壁被了望塔打断了。当发现袭击者时，塔楼之间的火灾和烟雾信号，直到增援部队到来，沿着墙壁的小开口让弓箭手向入侵者射击而较大的那些用于投掷石块等。
但即便是这个新的和改进的墙也不够，1644年，满族北部部族推翻了明朝建立清朝也包括蒙古。因此第二次，中国是由隔离墙试图阻止的人所统治。随着帝国的边界现在延伸到长城之外，防御工事失去了他们的目的。没有定期加固，墙壁年久实修，夯土被侵蚀。而砖和石头被掠奇建筑材料。但它的工作尚未完成。
第2次世界大战期间，中国使用部分防御日本人侵，有传言称仍有部分地方用于军事训练。但是，作为地球上最大的人造建筑之一,城墙今天的主要目的是文化。它于1987年被授予联合国教科文组织世界遗产，最初是为了让人们远离中国而建，长城现在每年迎接数百万游客。事实上，游客的涌入导致隔离墙恶化，领导中国政府推出保护措施。
它也经常被称为从太空可见的唯一人造结构，不幸的是，这根本不是真的。在低地球轨道，各种结构像桥梁、高速公路和机场可见，而长城几乎看不到。从月球上看，它没有机会。但无论如何，我们应该从地球上研究它，因为每隔几年仍会发现新的部分，从主体分支出来。并将这个非凡的纪念碑扩展到人类成就。
坚定学习的信仰
如长城之上的块块方砖
坚如磐石
踏实学习的脚步
如长城之上的一级级阶梯
在高山上蜿蜒
汗水能打造长城的壮观
努力也定能成就个人梦想
END
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