說起長城你腦子裡只有綿長蜿蜒的城牆？
向外國友人介紹長城你只知道
He who has never been to the Great Wall
is not a true man？
卻又覺得翻閱資料太麻煩？
英文短片：The Great Wall
A 13000 mile dragon of earth and stone winds its way through the countryside of China.
With a history almost as long and serpentine as the structure.The Great Wall began as mutiple walls of rammed earth built by individual feudal states during the Chunqin period,to protect against nomadic raiders north of China and each other.
When Emperor Qin Shi Huang unified the states in 221 BCE,the Tibetan Plateau and Pacific Ocean became natural barriers,but the mountains in the northy remained vulnerable,to Mongol Turkish,and Xiongnu invasions.To defend against them,the Emperor expanded the small walls built by his predecessors,connecting some and fortifying others.As the structures grew from Lintao in the west,tao Liaodang in the east,they collectively became known as The Long Wall.To accomplish this task.the Emperor enlisted soldiers and commoners,not always voluntarily.Of the hundreds of thousands of builders recorded during the Qin Dynasty,many were forcibly conscripted peasants,and others were criminals serving out sentences.
Under the Han Dynasty,the wall grew longer still,reaching 3700 miles,and spanning from Dunhuang to the bohai Sea.Forced labor continued under the Han Emperor Han-Wudi,and the walls reputation grew into a notorious place of suffering.Poems and legends of the time told of laborers buried,in near by mass graves or even within the wall itself.And while no human remains have been found inside,grave pits do indicate that many workers died from accidents、hunger and exhaustion.
The wall was formidable but not invinciable.Both Genghis and his son Khublai Khan managed to surmount the wall,during the Mongol invasion of the 13th Century.
After the Ming dynmasty gained control in 1368,they began to refortify and further consalidate the wall,using bricks and stones from locall kilns.Averaging 23 feet high and 2 feet wide,the walls 5500 mliles were punctuated by watchtowers.When raiders were sighted,fire and smoke signals traveled between tower,until reinforcements arrived.Small openings along the wall let archers fire on invaders,while larger ones were used to drop stones and more.But even this new and improved wall was not enough.
In 1644,northern Manchu clans overthrew the Ming to establish the Qing dynasty incorporting Mongolia as well.Thus in the second time,China was ruled by the very people the wall had tried to keep out.
With the empire's borders now extending beyond the Great Wall,the fortifications lost their purpose.And without regular reinforcement,the wall fell into disrepair,rammed earth eroded.While brick and stone were plundered for building material,but its job wasn't finished.During World War 2,China used sections for defense against Japanese invasion and some parts are still rumored to be used for military training.But the Walls main purpose today is cultural.As one of the largest man made structures on Earth,it was granted UNESCO World Heritage Status in 1987.Originally built to keep people out of China,the Great Wall now welcomes millions af visitors each year.In fact,the influx of tourists has caused the wall to deteriorate,leading the Chinese govermment to launch preservation initiatives.
It's also often acclaimed as the only man-made structure visible from space.Unfortunately,that's not all true.In low Earth orbit,all sorts of structures,like bridges,highways and airports are visible,and the Great Wall is only barely discernible.From the Earth it doesn't stand a chance.But regardless,it's the Earth we should be studying it from,because new sections are still discovered every few year branching from the main body and expanding this remarkable monument t to humam achievement.
What?
瀏覽全文嫌累？
別急！
中考詞彙
dragon n.龍
stone n.石塊
structure n.建築
individual adj.個人的
state n.國家
mountain n.山
longer adj.更長的
hunger adj.飢餓的
build v.建立、建造
protect v.保護
history n.歷史
soldier n.士兵
labor n.勞動
continue n.繼續、堅持下去
accident n.意外事故
brick n.磚
中考短語
the Tibetan Plateau 西藏
Pacific Ocean 太平洋
in the west 在西部
in the east 在東部
as long as 一直、只要
each other 彼此
hundreds of 數百、成百
thousands of 數千、成千
near by 附近、在附近
manage to do 設法、設法做到
the second time 第二次
作文金句
1.A 13000 mile dragon of earth and stone winds its way through the countryside of China.
一條 13000 英里長的土石頭龍蜿蜓穿過中國的鄉村，歷史幾乎和結構一樣長，蛇形。
2.As one of the largest man made structures on Earth,it was granted UNESCO World Heritage Status in 1987.
作為地球上最大的人造建築之一,它於 1987 年被授予聯合國教科文組織世界遺產。
3.Originally built to keep people out of China,the Great Wall now welcomes millions af visitors each year.
最初是為了讓人們遠離中國而建，長城現在每年迎接數百萬遊客。
4.It's also often acclaimed as the only man-made structure visible from space.
它也經常被稱為從太空可見的唯一人造結構。
5.It's the Earth we should be studying it from,because new sections are still discovered every few year branching from the main body and expanding this remarkable monument to humam achievement.
從月球上看，它沒有機會。但無論如何，我們應該從地球上研究它，因為每隔幾年仍會發現新的部分，從主體分支出來。
純英文短文看起來有困難？
學起來毫無壓力
妥妥的~
一條 13000 英里長的土石頭龍蜿蜓穿過中國的鄉村，歷史幾乎和結構一樣長，蛇形。
長城始於夯士的多面牆，春秋時期由個別封建國家建造，防止中國北方和其他地區的遊牧襲擊者。
秦始皇在公元前221年統一國家，青藏高原和太平洋成為天然屏障，但是北方的山區對蒙古人、土耳其人和匈奴人的入侵仍然很脆弱。為了抵禦他們，皇帝擴大了他的前輩建造的小牆。連接一些並強化他人。隨著結構從西部的臨洮發展而來，到了東部的遼東。他們統稱為長城。要完成這項任務，皇帝招募士兵和平民，不總是自願的。在秦朝記錄的數十萬建造者中，許多人是強徵入伍的農民，其他人是服刑的罪犯。
在漢代，牆壁長得更久了，達到3700英里，從敦煌到渤海。漢帝-武帝繼續強迫勞動，牆壁聲譽成了一個臭名昭著的苦難之牆。當時的詩歌和傳說告訴埋葬的勞動在附近的集體墓地,甚至在牆內也是如此。雖然裡面沒有人遺體。嚴重的坑確實表明許多工人因事故、飢餓和疲憊而死亡。
牆很強大但不是無敵的。成吉思和他的兒子Khublai Khan都設法超越了這堵牆。在13世紀期間蒙古入侵。
明朝在1368年獲得控制權後，他們開始重新整頓並進一步鞏固隔離牆，使用當地窯爐的磚塊和石頭，平均高28英尺，寬21英尺。隔牆5500英里的牆壁被瞭望塔打斷了。當發現襲擊者時，塔樓之間的火災和煙霧信號，直到增援部隊到來，沿著牆壁的小開口讓弓箭手向入侵者射擊而較大的那些用於投擲石塊等。
但即便是這個新的和改進的牆也不夠，1644年，滿族北部部族推翻了明朝建立清朝也包括蒙古。因此第二次，中國是由隔離牆試圖阻止的人所統治。隨著帝國的邊界現在延伸到長城之外，防禦工事失去了他們的目的。沒有定期加固，牆壁年久實修，夯土被侵蝕。而磚和石頭被掠奇建築材料。但它的工作尚未完成。
第2次世界大戰期間，中國使用部分防禦日本人侵，有傳言稱仍有部分地方用於軍事訓練。但是，作為地球上最大的人造建築之一,城牆今天的主要目的是文化。它於1987年被授予聯合國教科文組織世界遺產，最初是為了讓人們遠離中國而建，長城現在每年迎接數百萬遊客。事實上，遊客的湧入導致隔離牆惡化，領導中國政府推出保護措施。
它也經常被稱為從太空可見的唯一人造結構，不幸的是，這根本不是真的。在低地球軌道，各種結構像橋樑、高速公路和機場可見，而長城幾乎看不到。從月球上看，它沒有機會。但無論如何，我們應該從地球上研究它，因為每隔幾年仍會發現新的部分，從主體分支出來。並將這個非凡的紀念碑擴展到人類成就。
堅定學習的信仰
如長城之上的塊塊方磚
堅如磐石
踏實學習的腳步
如長城之上的一級級階梯
在高山上蜿蜒
汗水能打造長城的壯觀
努力也定能成就個人夢想
END
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