9B UNIT 3
一、詞彙句型語法大串聯
1. Wow, the Great Wall is amazing, isn’t it? 哇，長城令人驚訝，是不是?
反意疑問句表示說話人對所陳述的事情有所懷疑或不肯定，想通過對方的回答來加以肯定或否定。
★反意疑問句的構成有兩種。第一種結構是:肯定的陳述句+逗號+一般疑問句的簡略否定+問號，對於反意疑問句的肯定或否定回答與一般疑問句的回答方式一樣。如:
① “You are a teacher, aren’t you?” “Yes, I am. /No, I’m not.”
“你是個教師，是不是?”“是的。/不，我不是。”
② “She was here yesterday, wasn’t she?” “Yes, she was. /No, she wasn’t.”
“她昨天在這裡，是不是?”“是的。/不，沒在。”
③ “They borrowed some money from you, didn’t they?” “Yes, they did. /No, they didn’t.”
“他們向你借了些錢，是不是?”“是的。/不，他們沒向我借錢。”
★第二種結構是:否定的陳述句+逗號+一般疑問句的簡略肯定+問號。對於這種形式的反意疑問句作回答的時候，不要過分注重問句中的否定詞not在前還是在後，只要事實是肯定的，就用Yes，如事實是否定的，就用No。用Yes回答，後面就不能再用not，用No回答，後面就必須有not，這種情況與中文的表達習慣很不一樣。請注意下面例句中中英文在表達上的差異。
① “Your sister isn’t coming back today, is she?” “Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t.”
“你姐姐今天不會回來，是嗎?”“不，她今天會回來。/是的，她今天不會回來。”
② “You can’t do it well, can you?” “Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.”
“這事你做不好，是嗎?”“不，我能做好。/是的，我做不好。”
③ “There wasn’t a football game on TV last night, was there?”
“Yes, there was. /No, there wasn’t.”
“昨晚電視裡沒有足球賽，是嗎?”“不，有足球賽。/是的，沒有。”
【注】在簡略回答中，如果主語有變化，並用but在語氣上加以轉折，也會出現用Yes和not搭配以及用No而不用not的情況。如:
① “Your father isn’t a doctor, is he?” “No, but my mother is.”
“你父親不是個醫生，是嗎?”“對，不過我母親是個醫生。”
② “Most of you aren’t from Beijing, are you?” “Yes, but I’m not. /No, but I am.”
“你們大多數人不是北京人吧，是嗎?”
“不，大多數是，但我不是。/對，但我是北京人。”
★陳述句中含有never, few, little, hardly, nothing, nobody等具有否定含意的詞，後面疑問部分應用肯定形式。如:
① You never saw Mr King before, did you? 你以前從未見過金先生，是嗎?
② There are few apples left on the tree, are there? 樹上沒剩幾個蘋果了，是嗎?
③ He has little money for food, does he? 他幾乎沒錢買吃的，是嗎?
④ Little Mary can hardly walk by herself, can she? 小瑪麗還不太會自己走路，是嗎?
⑤ There’s nothing in that box, is there? 盒子裡什麼也沒有，是嗎?
⑥ Nobody saw you do it, did they? 沒人看到你幹這事吧，是嗎?
【注】在口語中，陳述部分一般用降調，但後面疑問部分可用升調，也可用降調。如疑問部分用升調，則表明提問者對陳述部分的真實性把握不大，希望對方來確定;如疑問部分用降調，則表明提問者對陳述部分的真實性有一定把握，只須對方來印證一下。
2. amazing的用法
★amazing是amaze的現在分詞形式，用作形容詞，意為“令人大為驚訝的”，在句中作表語或定語，主語往往是某物。如:
① They have got an amazing achievement. 他們取得了驚人的成就。
② That’s amazing, isn’t it? 真是令人驚歎，是不是?
③ The amazing discovery made us feel surprised. 這項驚人的發現使我們感到驚詫。
④ They do an amazing amount of work. 他們工作量大得驚人。
★amazed用作形容詞時，意為“感到驚異或者吃驚”，是人對事物所產生的感受，它的意思接近surprised。在句中常作表語，其主語往往是人。如:
① We were amazed to find that no one was hurt in the accident.
我們很驚奇地發現竟沒有人在事故中受傷。
② I was amazed at her knowledge of space. 她豐富的太空知識令人大為驚訝。
③ He was banging so loudly I was amazed I didn’t hear him.
他把門敲得乒乓響，真奇怪，我沒有聽見。
④ They were amazed how little I had changed. 他們驚訝的是我竟然沒有改變多少。
★amaze用作動詞，表示“fill with a feeling of great surprise or wonder”，意為“使驚奇”“使詫異”。如:
① He amazed everybody by passing his driving test. 他駕駛考試合格使大家很驚奇。
② Her remarks amazed the people present at the meeting.
她的講話使會上的人們感到很驚奇。
③ It amazes me that anyone could be so stupid. 真是難以置信，置有人這麼笨。
【注】amazement是amaze的名詞形式，用作不可數名詞。如:
He looked at me in amazement. 他驚奇地看著我。
② To my amazement, I passed the test easily. 令我吃驚的是，我輕易地通過了考試。
3. too many和too much的用法
★too many意為“太多”“過多”，常用作定語，後接可數名詞的複數。如:
① He made too many mistakes in his composition. 他的作文裡的錯誤太多了。
② There are too many cars on the roads. 馬路上汽車太多了。
③ There are too many people on the bus. 公交車上有太多的人。
④ There are too many problems on his mind. 他心事重重。
★too much可以修飾不可數名詞，在句中作定語;too much還可以單獨使用，相當於一個代詞，在句中作主語、賓語或表語;too much還可用作副詞，在句中作狀語，表示“過多”“太多”(= more than enough)。如:
① He has too much trouble in his life. 他生活中的麻煩太多了。(作定語)
② Too much has been said today. 今天說得太多了。(作主語)
③ He eats too much, so he is much too fat. 他吃得太多，所以太胖了。(作賓語)
④ The work is too much for me. 這工作我幹不了。(作表語)
⑤ You’re asking too much. 你問得太多了。(作狀語)
⑥ Don’t let the children watch TV too much. 不要讓孩子們過多地看電視。(作狀語)
【注】too much一般不能單獨用在be動詞之後。我們可以說There was too much noise，但不能說The noise was too much.
4. Although there’s still a long way to go, we must continue to the end.
雖然有很長的路要走，但是我們一定要堅持到底。
to go是動詞不定式用作定語，修飾名詞way。a long way是不定式to go的邏輯狀語。不定式作定語，位置都在名詞之後，它與名詞的關係有下列幾種:
★名詞是不定式的邏輯狀語:
① Is this the way to do it? 這是幹這事的辦法嗎?
② It is time to start. 是開始的時候了。
③ The government has announced new measures to deal with inflation.
政府宣佈了對付通貨膨脹的新措施。
★名詞是由動詞變來的，原動詞和不定式是動賓關係:
① Anne’s desire to please her mother-in-law was clear to all of us.
安妮希望討好她的婆婆，這一點我們都清楚。
② She expressed a wish to earn her own living. 她表達了要自己謀生的願望。
③ The managing director announced his intention to retire. 總經理宣佈了他打算退休。
④ You have not kept your promise to write me more frequently.
你沒有遵守常給我寫信的諾言。
⑤ You have no need to worry. 你沒有擔心的必要。
★名詞是由形容詞變來的，原形容詞和不定式是固定搭配:
① His anxiety to go was obvious. 他渴望走，這一點很明顯。
② She was dying with curiosity to know where we had been. 她極想知道我們到哪去了。
③ I feel doubtful about his ability to do the work. 我有點懷疑他做這項工作的能力。
★名詞是不定式的邏輯賓語:
① He has a large family to support. 他要養活一個大家庭。
② There are some difficulties to overcome. 有些困難要克服。
③ You have given me much to think about. 你使我想了很多。
④ He is not a man to trifle with. 他不是一個容易對付的人。
★不定式的邏輯主語有三種情況:句子的主語;不定式修飾的名詞;用介詞for或of引出:
① I have something to do. 我有些事情要做。
② He was the first to arrive and the last to leave. 他是第一個來最後一個走。
③ This is the best book on the subject to appear this year.
這是今年出版的有關這個問題的最好的書。
④ It is kind of you to say so. 你說這些話太好了。
⑤ Here is a new book for you to read. 這裡有一本新書你可以看一看。
5. continue一詞的用法
★continue作及物動詞，意為“繼續(做某事)”，後面跟名詞、代詞、不定式或動名詞。如:
① The meeting will be continued after a break. 休息後再繼續開會。
② The young man continued his study after his father died.
在父親死後，他將中斷的學業繼續下去。
③ The rain continued falling/to fall all afternoon.
這場雨整整一個下午都下個不停。
【注】continue用在引語後，意為“接著說”。如:
① “I like your country very much,” he continued. 他接著說:“我非常喜歡你們的國家。”
★continue作不及物動詞，意為“繼續(下去)”“延續”。如:
① They continued on for two kilometers. 他們又繼續向前行進了兩公里。
② The rain continued for two days. 雨連續下了兩天。
③ Are you going to continue with the project? 你打算繼續做這個項目嗎?
④ She will continue in her present job until a replacement can be found.
在沒有找到替換人以前，她將繼續她目前的工作。
⑤ The winter continued damp and wet. 這個冬天一直潮溼多雨。
6. Wake me up on your way back. 你回來時叫醒我。
★wake up意為“醒來”“把……叫醒”。up是副詞，如果後面接賓語時，要注意賓語的位置:如果賓語是代詞，則必須位於wake和up之間;如果賓語是名詞，則既可以位於wake和up之間，也可以位於up之後。如:
① The old man woke up in the midnight. 這老人半夜自己醒了。
② The child woke up and began to cry. 那小孩子醒了就開始哭。
③ The noise work me up. 那噪音把我吵醒了。
④ It’s 7:00 now. Please wake up Jim. = It’s 7:00 now, Please wake Jim up.
現在七點鐘了，請把吉姆叫醒。
⑤ Don’t talk so loud. You’ll wake them up. 別那麼大聲說話，你會把他們吵醒的。
★wake up還可表示“覺醒”“覺悟”“使覺醒”“使覺悟”。如:
① More and more oppressed people are waking up. 越來越多的被壓迫人民在覺醒。
② I wish you would wake up! 我真希望你醒悟過來!
7. Chinese knot中國結
★knot作名詞，表示“(用線、繩、索等打的)結”。如:
① Tie the two ropes together with a knot. 將兩條繩子打個結系在一起。
② Make a knot at the end of the string. 在繩頭上打個結。
③ Look, the girl’s hair is full of knots. 瞧!那女孩的頭髮打滿了結。
★knot作名詞，表示“(樹枝/幹上的)節子，節疤”。如:
① The body of the tree has a lot of knots in it. We have to choose another one.
這棵樹身上長滿了節疤。我們得另選一棵。
② The old man didn’t find the knots in the wood.
那老人沒有發現木頭裡的疤痕。
③ You can put the knot wood over there. 你們可以把有節木料放在那邊。
★knot作名詞，表示“一小群(人)”。如:
① Little knots of people were walking out of the building.
人們三五成群從那幢大樓裡走出來。
② People are standing about in knots, waiting for the news.
人們三五成群站著，等著消息。
★knot用作動詞，有“打結”“把……打結”的意思。如:
① The young man carefully knotted his tie. 年輕人仔細地打著領帶。
② She had a scarf knotted around her neck. 她把繞在脖子上的圍巾打了個結。
③ I didn’t knot the two ropes together. 我沒有把兩根繩子結在一起。
④ This wire is too difficult to knot easily. 這鐵絲太不容易打結了。
8. The currency used in China is the yuan. 在中國流通的貨幣是元。
★currency作名詞，有“通貨”“貨幣”的意思。如:
① You’ll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card.
你將需要一些當地的貨幣現金，但也可以使用信用卡。
② Today the USA currency is very strong now. 今天美國鈔票很值錢。
③ The robber hid the paper currencies in a big bag and the gold currencies in a jar.
強盜把紙幣藏在一個大袋子裡，把金幣藏在一個罈子裡。
④ Foreign currencies can be used to buy things in some shops in this city.
這個城市裡有幾家商店可以用外幣購物。
★currency作名詞，是“通用”“流行”“流傳”的意思。如:
① The term “post-industrial” now has wide currency.
“後工業化”這個術語現已廣為使用。
② The rumor soon gained currency. 謠言不脛而走。
③ Most slang words have short currency. 大多數俚語只通用一時。
④ Don’t give currency to idle gossip. 不要傳播閒言。
9. At the centre of Beijing is the Forbidden City. 紫禁城位於北京市中心。
★forbidden主要用作形容詞，意思為“被禁止的、禁用的”。如:
① Parking forbidden. 禁止停車。
② We mustn’t enter the forbidden zone. 我們不能進入禁區。
③ That is the story about the forbidden fruit. 那就是關於禁果的故事。
④ The conversation was in danger of wandering into forbidden territory.
談話很可能離題而涉及嚴禁討論的領域。
★forbid作動詞，有“禁止”“不準”“妨礙”的意思。它的過去式和過去分詞是forbade和forbidden。如:
① Photography is strictly forbidden in the museum. 博物館內嚴禁攝影。
② Smoking is forbidden here. 這裡禁止抽菸。
③ My father forbade me to watch television. = My father forbade my watching television.
我父親不准我看電視。
④ The doctor has forbidden me sugar. 醫生禁止我吃糖。
10. almost與nearly的用法
★almost用作副詞，意為“幾乎”“差不多”，可用來修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞等，表達的意義要比nearly強。如:
① Hurry up-it’s almost time for school. 趕快，差不多到上學時間了。
② I almost dropped the plate. 我差點把碟子掉子。
③ Almost a third of the freshmen said they were working during the summer vacation.
幾乎三分之一的一年級學生說他們在暑假期間打工。
④ They have lived there for almost 20 years. 他們在那兒住了差不多有二十年了。
⑤ I almost forgot that it was her birthday today. 我差點忘了今天是她的生日。
【注】almost修飾形容詞、副詞、動詞，位置在被修飾的詞語之前，通常不直接修飾名詞。
★almost可以與no, none, nobody, nothing, never連用而nearly則不可。如:
① Almost no one believed her. 幾乎沒有人相信她。
② I almost never see her. 我幾乎從未見過她。
③ Almost none of the students passed the exam. 幾乎沒有學生通過考試。
④ There’s almost no place to sit. 差不多沒地方坐了。
★nearly意為“幾乎”“差不多”，可以修飾不定代詞、動詞、介詞短語等，表達的意義要比almost弱。如:
① Nearly all the guests are here. 差不多所有客人都到了。
② He thinks that he knows nearly everything. 他自認為幾乎無所不知。
③ I’m nearly ready. 我差不多準備好了。
④ She nearly won first prize. 她幾乎得到頭獎。
★nearly用作數詞前，意為“大約”“差不多”。如:
① It’s nearly 5 o’clock. 大約五點鐘了。
② He’s nearly sixty. 他差不多60歲了。
★not nearly意為“相差很遠”“遠遠少於”，相當於far from, much less than。如:
① There isn’t nearly enough time to learn all these new words.
要把這些新詞都學會了，時間遠遠不夠。
② We are not nearly ready for the inspection. 對檢查一事，我們還遠遠未準備好。
③ It is not nearly so easy as you think. 這遠不是你們所想的那麼容易。
④ There are not enough people here to do the job. 這工作遠非這裡的人就能幹好的。
11. The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here.
明朝和清朝的皇帝過去常常住在這裡。
★used to do表示“過去常常做某事”，言外之意就是現在已不是如此，因此沒有現在時，後面總是跟不定式。如:
① It used to be a very rich village. 這個村子以前很富。
② We used to help him a lot when he first came here. 他剛來時我們經常給他以幫助。
③ She used to come and see me a lot. 她以前常來看我。
【注】used to構成疑問句時可藉助於助動詞did或直接將used移至主語之前。如:
Did you used to see each other? = Used you to see each other?
你們以前經常相互見面嗎?
★used to在構成否定時可借且於didn’t，也可直接在used後面加not構成。如:
① She didn’t use to drink. = She used not to drink. 她過去不常喝酒。
★be used to +名詞或動名詞表示“習慣於某事或做某事”，這裡to為介詞，後面的動詞須用-ing形式。如:
① I’m really not used to such close and wet weather.
我實在不習慣這樣悶熱且潮溼的天氣。
② He’s used to being treated like that. 他已習慣於被那樣對待。
③ I’m used to dealing with matters of this kind. 我已習慣於處理這類事。
【注】連繫動詞get, become, grow, seem等可用來代替be，和used to連用，強調逐漸習慣的過程。如:
① You’ll get used to that in time. 你很快就會對此習慣的。
② I’ve become used to such food. 我已習慣吃這樣的食品。
★be used to do表示“被用來做某事”，這裡be used是被動語態，後面接不定式。如:
① This room is used to store rice. 這間屋是用來存放稻穀的。
② This word can be used to replace that word. 這個單詞可以用來代替那個單詞。
12. It was changed to a museum about 70 years ago.
大約在七十年以前，它被改成了博物館。
★change用作及物動詞，意為“改變”“變化”“使改變”。如:
① He changed his name and address. 他更改了他的姓名和地址。
② The wind has changed direction. 風改變了方向。
③ Leaves change colour in autumn. 秋天，樹葉改變了顏色。
④ Information technology has changed the way people work.
信息技術已改變了人們的工作方式。
【注】過去分詞可作表語或定語。如:
① Yes, she was utterly changed. 是的，她有了非常大的變化。
② She was a changed girl. 她完全變了一個人。
★change用作及物動詞，意為“換(衣、藥、錢等)”“交換”。如:
① She likes changing her clothes when she wants to go out.
她想要出去時，喜歡換換衣服。
② Remember to change their dressing in time. 記得及時給他們換藥。
③ Yesterday they changed their seats with the children in the cinema.
昨天在電影院裡，他們和孩子們調了一下座位。
④ Can you change the dollars into RMB? 你能把這些美元換成人民幣嗎?
★change用作不及物動詞，意為“改變”“變化”“換衣”“換車”。如:
① Pudong has changed a great deal. 浦東發生了巨大變化。
② Mike hasn’t changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school.
邁克一點沒有變，他和上學時一模一樣。
③ I went into the bedroom to change. 我走進臥室更衣。
④ Where do I get off to change to Bus 14? 換十四路公共汽車在哪兒下?
⑤ Passengers for Xian change at Zhengzhou. 到西安的旅客在鄭州換車。
★change用作名詞，有“變化”“改變”“轉變”“更改”的意思。如:
① Great changes have taken place since he left. 他離開後變化很大。
② We must make a change in the plan. 我們應該對計劃作一點更動。
★change用作不可數名詞，有“找頭”“零錢”的意思。如:
① I have no change about me. 我身邊沒有零錢。
② I don’t have any small change to leave as a tip. 我沒有零錢留下來付小費。
13. You will be attracted by its beautiful design, and the clothes and furniture that the emperors used in the past.
你會被它美麗的設計、過去皇帝穿的衣服和用的傢俱所吸引。
★attract是動詞，表示“吸引”“引起”興趣、關注、讚賞等，後面的賓語可以是人，也可以是sth.。如:
① He was attracted by her smile. 他被她的微笑所吸引。
② I guess it was her eyes that attracted me first. 我想是她的眼睛先迷住了我。
③ What attracts me most to the job is the chance to travel.
這份工作最吸引我的是有旅行的機會。
④ Her new book has attracted a lot of attention. 她的新書吸引了許多人的注意。
⑤ It was so noisy that he had to shout to attract attention.
太吵鬧了，他不得不高聲叫喊以吸引他人的注意。
⑥ The story has attracted a lot of interest in the media. 該報道引起了傳媒的廣泛關注。
【注】attract後接sb.作賓語時，常可與介詞to連用，attract sb. to sth.意為“吸引某人到某事物上來”，如句③;attract後接sth.作賓語時，作賓語的名詞通常為attention, interest等，如句④、⑤和⑥。表示吸引某人的注意力可以說attract/invite/draw/call one’s attention;表示“注意別人或其他事物”應說pay attention to sb./sth.，兩者意思相反，如:Her sweet voice attracted other’s attention. (她甜美的聲音吸引了人們的注意。)
★動詞attract還可以表示“招引”“吸引”“引誘”的意思。如:
① A magnet attracts iron. 磁石吸鐵。
② Flowers attract bees. 花招引蜜蜂。
③ The company is trying to attract good college graduates.
這家公司試圖吸引優秀的大學畢業生。
④ They’re trying to use low rents to attract more new business to this area.
他們試圖用低租金來吸引更多新企業到這一地區來。
★attraction是動詞attract的名詞形式，意為“引力”“吸引力”“誘惑力”“吸引或誘惑人的人或物”。如:
① The attraction of the moon for the earth causes the tide.
月球對地球的吸引力引起了潮汐。
② Being your own boss is one of the attractions of owning your own business.
自己當老闆是擁有自己的企業的吸引力之一。
③ The beautiful beaches are the island’s main attraction.
美麗的海灘是這個島吸引人的主要之處。
14. Just next to the Forbidden City is Tian’ anmen Square.
緊挨著紫禁城的是天安門廣場。
★just作副詞，意為“正好”“恰好”，作此意解時通常只用於肯定句中。如:
① It is just two o’clock. 現在正好兩點鐘。
② This is just the point. 問題就在這裡。
③ I was just going when she came in. 她進來時我正要走。
【注】just意為“正好”“恰好”，表示強調，是副詞，作狀語，修飾形容詞、動詞、副詞等。如:
① That is just long enough. 那正夠長。
② He was just standing when the bell rang. 鈴響時他正要站起來。
③ She was sitting just here. 她那時就坐在這兒。
④ That’s just what I wanted. 我要的正是那個。
★just作副詞，可表示“僅僅”“只是”。如:
① Just a line to let you know that I have arrive in Shanghai.
略寫幾句告訴你，我已到達上海。
② He is just a child. 他只是個孩子。
★just作副詞，還可表示“剛才”“方才”。如:
① He was just here. 他剛才還在這兒。
② He just told me about it. 他剛才才告訴我這件事。
③ He has just left here. 他剛離開這兒。
【注】just意思是“剛才”“方才”，英國英語中常與現在完成時連用，置於助動詞和動詞之間;just now表示“片刻之前(= a moment ago)”，與過去時連用，不與完成時連用。在美國英語中，just常被置於動詞前，與過去時連用。如:
① I have just seen her. 我剛剛見過她。
② I saw him just now. 我剛才見到了他。
③ The train has just arrived. 火車剛剛到了。
④ The train jus arrived. 火車剛剛才到。
★just用作副詞，常與only連用，意思是“勉勉強強地”“差一點就不能”“好不容易才”。如:
① We could just see the roof. 我們勉強能看到屋頂。
② I only just caught the last bus. 我差一點趕不上末班公共汽車。
③ I just managed to finish the work. 我好不容易才完成工作。
★just用於祈使句句首，以加強說話人的語氣，意思是“試請”“且請”。如:
① Just think of the result! 就請考慮一下後果吧!
② Just a moment, please. 請稍等片刻。
③ Just feel it! 你摸摸看!
15. peace一詞的用法
★peace作不可數名詞，意為“和平”“安靜”“平靜”。如:
① We love peace but we are not afraid of war.
我們熱愛和平，但我們也不怕戰爭。
② After the war, there were ten years of peace. 戰後有十年的和平時期。
③ Here is peace in the countryside at night. 農村夜間是安靜的。
④ A man who is wanted by the police can have little peace of mind.
被警察追捕的人的心情是不會太平靜的。
⑤ Knowing that she had arrived safely restored my peace of mind.
得知她已平安到達，我就安心了。
★peace作名詞，還可以解釋為“和約”。如:
① Peace was signed in the spring of that year. 和約是在那年春天簽訂的。
② A peace was at last signed between the two countries. 兩國終於簽訂了和約。
★peaceful作形容詞，意為“安靜的”“和平的”“平靜的”“愛好和平的”。如:
① The hillsides looked very peaceful. 山坡上看來十分寧靜。
② China is a peaceful nation. 中國是一個愛好和平的國家。
③ I want to live in a place more peaceful than here. 我想住在一個比這裡更安靜的地方。
★in peace意為“安靜”“安寧”。如:
① Leave me in peace to read my book. 讓我安靜地看書吧。
② Leave him in peace; he’s trying to work. 別吵他，他要工作。
★make peace意為“休戰”“講和”。如:
① The two countries made peace. 這兩個國家休戰了。
② The leaders of the two nations decided to make peace. 兩國領導人決定講和。
16. It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.
它(天安門廣場)是世界上最大的廣場，並總是擠滿了遊客。
★fill是動詞，意思是“(使)充滿”“(使)裝滿”，表示一個動作。如:
① Please fill the glass with water. 請把杯子注滿水。
② He filled the bag with clothes. 他把包裝滿衣服。
★fill也可表示一個狀態，相當於be filled with，但表達形式不同，請注意下面的表達法。
① Smoke filled the room. = The room was filled with smoke. 房間裡濃煙瀰漫。
② Tears filled her eyes. = Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛裡充滿了淚水。
③ People were filled with pleasure at the news. 聽了這個消息，人們心中充滿了喜悅。
【注】句③是一種引申用法，不宜說Pleasure filled people…。
★full是形容詞，意思是“滿的”“充滿的”。Be full of = be filled with，都表示狀態，但介詞搭配不一樣。如:
① The bag is full of (或filled with) books. 包裡裝滿了書。
② His homework was full of (或filled with ) mistakes. 他的作業裡都是錯誤。
17. Many of them gather here to watch the raising of the national flag at sunrise every day.
每天，他們中有許多人在太陽昇起的時候聚集在這裡看升國旗。
★gather用作動詞，意為“集合”“聚集”“……靠攏”。如:
① Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert.
數以千計的群眾聚集起來聽搖滾音樂會。
② A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人。
③ A musical evening with the whole family gathered round the piano.
全家圍在鋼琴旁的音樂晚會。
★gather也可作“採集”“收集”“收拾”解釋。如:
① She gathered her belongings and set off. 她把東西收拾好，就走了。
② It was the time for gathering the harvest of corn. 該收玉米了。
③ Let’s gather some flowers for the festival! 讓我們為慶祝節日採些花吧!
④ Children are interested gathering shell-fish at low tide.
孩子們喜歡在落朝時採集貝殼動物。
⑤ The moment the wheat was gathered in, a storm broke out.
麥子剛收好，就下了一場暴雨。
★collect作“收集”“聚集”“收藏”“使集中”解。如:
① The student collected (= gathered) his books and went out of the reading room.
那名學生把書收了起來，走出了閱覽室。
② A crowd of people collected (= gathered) to watch the game.
一群人聚集起來觀看比賽。
③ Collecting coins/stamps is one of my hobbies.
收集郵幣/郵票是我的一種愛好。
④ I’m collecting /gathering information for my research. 我在為我的研究收集信息。
⑤ Dark clouds are gathering/collecting. 烏雲越積越厚。
【注】指一種愛好性質的收集用collect，而不用gather。集中思想且有控制意味，用collect，不用gather。指農民“收拾莊稼”，說gather crops，而不說collect crops。另外，gather可和together連用，而對於collect來說，together則顯得多餘。可以說He gathered together/collected his papers. 他把稿子集中起來。可以說People gathered together. 或People collected up. 人們聚集了起來。但不說collect together.
18. raise與rise的用法
★raise (raised, raised)作及物動詞，表示“撫養”“養育”;raise還有“飼養”“餵養”“種植”“提出”“舉起”“抬起”“提高”的意思。如:
① The old lady raised six orphans in her life. 這位老太太一生撫養了六個孤兒。
② Where was he raised? 他是在哪裡長大的?
③ His job is to raise pigs. 他的工作就是養豬。
④ She raised her eyes and stared at them. 她舉目盯著他們。
⑤ The people’s living standards have been greatly raised.
人民的生活水平有了很大提高。
★rise (rose, risen)用作不及物動詞，意為“上升”“升起”“增長”“提高”“起身”。作“上升”講時是指繼續上升，常用於日、月、雲、霧、煙、水蒸氣等;也可以指溫度計、體溫、物體、水位、職位等方面的上升。如:
① Look! The moon is rising. 瞧!月亮升起來了。
② She has had a high fever, and her temperature is still rising. 她發高燒，體溫還在上升。
③ The master rose from his chair with the teaching stick in his hand.
老師手裡拿著教鞭從座位上站起來。
④ His book has risen in value, and he has risen in rank.
他寫的書升值了，他也隨著升級了。
【注】raise和rise有時可用來描述同一事情，但含義有所不同。試比較:
① The price of tomatoes has been raised recently.
最近西紅柿的價格上漲了。(價格的上漲可能是由於政府或其他方面的原因)
② The price of tomatoes has risen recently. 西紅柿最近漲價了。(說明價格自身上漲)
③ Our living standard has risen in the past few years.
Our living standard has been raised in the past few years.
近幾年來，我們的生活水平提高了。
④ He raised the child from the ground. (強調把孩子扶起來)
⑤ The child rose from the ground. (強調孩子自己站起來)
⑥ He lifted the child up from the ground. (強調用勁兒扶起)
19. It is a famous Chinese-style garden built in a natural landscape.
這是一座建在自然風光基礎之上的著名的中國式的園林建築群落。
★famous用作形容詞，意為“著名的”“出名的”“值得注意的”。如:
① Paris is a famous city. 巴黎是著名的城市。
② He is a famous artist. 他是一位著名的藝術家。
③ She wants to be a famous singer. 她想當一位著名的歌唱家。
④ We have won a famous victory. 我們贏得了輝煌的勝利。
★be famous for意為“以……而出名”，其主語可以是人也可以是物，for後的賓語說明出名的原因。如:
① The area is famous for its green tea. 這個地區以綠茶而出名。
② France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法國以其佳餚和美酒而聞名。
★be famous as意為“以某種身份而聞名、出名”，as後的賓語與主語是同位成分。如:
① Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 愛因斯坦以一位偉大的科學家著稱。
② The actor is more famous as a writer. 那位演員的作家身份較為有名。
③ Wang Junxia is famous as a good runner. 王軍霞是一位很著名的長跑運動員。
★be known as意為“以……知名”“以……出名”“被認為是”，known為形容詞。如:
① He is well known as a pianist. 他是一位著名的鋼琴家。
② He is known as a writer rather than a poet.
他是作為一名作家，而不是作為一名詩人而聞名。
★be known for意為“聞名”“以……而眾所周知”，known相當於famous。如:
① Switzerland is known for its mountains. 瑞士以它的山而聞名。
② He is known for his readiness to help others. 大家都知道他總是樂於幫助別人。
③ China is well known for the Great Wall. 中國以萬里長城而聞名。
★be known to意為“為……所知”，to後接某人。如:
① He is known to every one of us. 我們每人都知道他。
② It’s known to all that they do an important and necessary job.
大家都知道他們做的是重要的並且是必要的工作。
③ He is known to everyone as a good actor. 人人都知道他是一位出色的演員。
【注】well-known是複合形容詞，相當於famous，在句中只能作定語，而famous可作定語也可作表語。當well修飾作表語的known時，兩詞不能連寫，well不能用來修飾famous。如:
① He is a well-known singer. 他是一名著名的歌唱家。
20. natural一詞的用法
★natural用作形容詞，意為“自然的”“天然的”“自然界的”。如:
① Coal and oil are natural resources. 煤和石油是天然資源。
② Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 許多天然原料越來越少。
③ She finds great interest in natural science. 她對自然科學有很大興趣。
★natural用作形容詞，意為“自然的”“不做作的”。如:
① She speaks in a natural voice. 她說話聲音自然。
② He tried to keep his voice quite (= perfectly) natural.
他竭力讓他的語調十分自然。
★natural用作形容詞，意為“應該的”“(演變)自然的”。如:
① It’s natural for a child to love its mother. 孩子愛母親，這是很自然的。
② It’s natural to run away if you’re afraid. 你害怕的時候就跑開，那是很自然的。
③ His death was from natural cause. 他的死是自然死亡。
★natural用作形容詞，意為“與生俱亞”“天生的”。如:
① She has a natural ability for arranging flowers. 她有插花的天賦。
② I do not doubt that it is made by natural ability.
我不懷疑那是由自然能力造成的。
③ She is a natural linguist. 她是個天生的語言學家。
【注】有關natural的常用詞組還有:
natural forces自然力量 natural gas天然氣
natural food自然食物 natural science自然科學
natural death老死的 natural abilities自然能力
natural gifts天賦才能 natural history博物學;自然(課)
in a natural state處於自然狀態;未經加工或人工培養等
come natural to對……是很自然的;對……是輕而易舉的
★nature用作名詞，意為“大自然”“自然界”，也可表示人或事物的“本質”“本性”。如:
① It’s against nature for people to cut off trees on mountains or hills for farming.
毀林造田是人類違背自然規律的行為。
② The beauties of nature inspired many poets. 自然之美激發許多詩人的靈感。
③ We must plant more trees and keep the balance of nature.
我們必須種更多的樹來保持生態平衡。
④ Man will return to nature. 人類最終要回歸自然。
⑤ She has a very sweet nature. 她性格很溫柔。
⑥ My two dogs have quite different natures. 我的兩隻狗的本性完全不同。
21. It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, towers and halls all over the area.
頤和園由萬壽山和昆明湖(人工湖)構成主體框架，裡面亭臺樓閣、殿堂廳室、塔航橋關，應有盡有。
★consist of意為“由……組成”“由……構成”。如:
① The book consists of eight chapters. 那書共有八章。
② Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氫和氧組成。
③ The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
聯合王國由大不列顛與北愛爾蘭兩部分組成。
★consist與介詞in連用，表示“在於”“以……為主要或唯一因素”的意思。如:
① The happiness of a country consists in the freedom of its citizens.
國家的幸福要以民眾的自由為首要因素。
② Wisdom does not consists only in knowing fact. 智慧並非僅僅是掌握事實。
③ The beauty of the city consists in its nice buildings.
這座城市的美麗就在於它美麗的建築。
④ True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
真正的教育並不在於簡單地講授事實。
22. mainly一詞的用法
★mainly用作副詞，意為“主要地”“大部分”。如:
① It is mainly because of my fault. 這主要是由於我的過錯。
② The visitors were mainly students. 來訪者大部分是學生。
③ They talked mainly about the work at the meeting. 在會上，他們主要談論工作。
④ His money mainly come from business investments. 他的錢主要來自於商業投資。
★main用作形容詞，只能作定語，意為“主要的”“最重要的”，無比較級。如:
① What’s the main purpose of your visit? 你訪問的主要目的是什麼?
② This is the main street in our city. 這是我們市內的主要街道。
③ Can you catch the main idea of the text? 你能領會本篇課文的主題嗎?
④ The main thing is to work well. 最重要的是要工作好。
⑤ He doesn’t make much money, but he is very happy. That’s the main thing.
他賺錢不多，但很快樂。那才是最重要的。
23. It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometers across northern China.
它是一條綿延5000千米紅十字會中國北部的城牆。
★run用作不及物動詞，意為“延伸”“通往”“延續”“繼續”。如:
① The road runs for many miles by the sea. 這條公路沿著海邊延伸好幾英里。
② A small stream runs across it. 一條小溪從這裡穿過。
③ The orchards and forests run intermittently for nearly 200 km.
果園和森林交插著延伸近二百公里。
④ There is a tunnel running though the mountain. 有一條隧道從山裡穿過。
⑤ The appointment runs for two years. 任期是兩年。
⑥ This show has been running for six weeks (continuously).
這出戏(一連)演了六個星期。
【注】可用現在分詞作定語，表示“連續的”。如:
① A running commentary on the match will be broadcast over the radio.
將通過電臺轉播這場比賽的實況解說。
② He made a running translation of the talk. 他給這個報告做了即席翻譯。
★run用作不及物動詞，意為“跑”。如:
① I don’t run as fast as you. 我跑得沒你快。
② She run to the place and knocked at the door. 她跑到那裡敲了敲門。
③ Are you running in the 4,000 metres? 你要參加四千米賽跑嗎?
④ I used to run when I was in middle school. 我在中學的時候常常跑步。
★run用作不及物動詞，意為“流”。如:
① The Huanghe River runs into the sea in North Shandong.
黃河在山東北部入海。
② The river was running very slowly. 河水流得很慢。
③ We mustn’t let the water run to waste. 我們不能讓這水白白流掉。
④ Who has left the water (tap) running? 誰開了自來水(龍頭)沒關?
⑤ His cough has slackened, but his nose is still running.
他不咳嗽了，但還流清鼻涕。
★run用作不及物動詞，意為“(車船、機器)行馳”“開動”。如:
① The train was running at 80 miles an hour.
這列火車正以每小時八十英里的速度前進。
② There are frequent buses running from Yanan to Xian.
從延安經常有公共汽車開往西安。
③ The next train runs from Beijing to Nanning. 下一列火車是由北京開往南寧的。
④ The engine runs quite smoothly. 這部發動機運轉十分順利。
★run同作及物動詞，意為“經營”“管理”“開動”。如:
① They ran the nurseries extremely well. 他們把託兒所辦得很好。
② For this they running short-term courses and evening classes.
為此他們辦了短訓班和夜校。
③ They have the right to run their own affairs. 他們有權管理自己的事務。
④ They’re determined to run the train better. 他們決心把火車開得更好。
⑤ They ran the car downhill. 他們把車往山下開。
24. more than一詞的用法
★more than意思為“超過”“大於”“多於”，常常與數詞連用，相當於over，其反義詞組為less than，意為“不足”“不到”。如:
① The population of China is more than 1.3 billion. 中國人口超十三億。
② I have know him for more than twenty years. 我認識他已經超過二十多年了。
③ More than a person knows the secret. 不止一個人知道這個秘密。
④ There are more than 50 students in our class. 我們班有50多位學生。
⑤ It was a little man less than six inches tall. 那是一個身高不到六英寸的小人。
★more than另一個意思是“不僅僅”“遠不止”，相當於not only的含義，後面跟名詞。如:
① Our English teacher is more than a teacher. He is our friend, too.
我們的英語老師不僅是一位老師。他也是我們的朋友。
② Tom and Jack are more than classmates. They are close friends.
湯姆和傑克遠不止是同班同學，他們還是知心朋友。
③ He was much more than a friend to me. 對我而言，他遠不止是個朋友。
★more than表示“非常”“十分”，常常用來修飾形容詞，相當於very。如:
① When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come.
當我向他們求助時，他們非常樂意地來了。
② They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.
看到我們遠征而歸，他們異常高興。
③ He was more than willing to help. 他非常願意提供幫助。
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