原文刊登於《Scientific American》（2018.03.27）
原文賞析
When is the last time a stereotype popped into your mind? If you are like most people, the authors included, it happens all the time. That doesn’t make you a racist, sexist, or whatever-ist. It just means your brain is working properly, noticing patterns, and makinggeneralizations. But the same thought processes that make people smart can also make them biased. This tendency for stereotype-confirming thoughts to pass spontaneously through our minds is what psychologists call implicit bias. It sets people up to overgeneralize, sometimes leading to discrimination even when people feel they are being fair.
單詞實記
racist 種族主義者
sexist 性別歧視者
generalization 歸納概括
spontaneously 不自主的，自發的
discrimination 歧視
熟詞僻義
stereotype 本詞意思是陳規，老套；但此處做名詞，意為偏見、成見。
pop 該詞有流行，通俗之意，還可以作擬聲詞，表示“砰的一聲”；此處意為突然冒出。
難句剖析
1.This tendency for stereotype-confirming thoughts to pass spontaneously through our minds is what psychologists call implicit bias.
此句主幹為“This tendency is what…”，後面的“for stereotype-confirming thoughts to pass spontaneously through our minds”為其定語；“stereotype-confirming”是合成形容詞，stereotype為成見，confirm意為順應、遵從，合起來把後面的confirm變成分詞，意思就是“遵從成見的”；後面的what+句子為表語從句。
全文翻譯
上一次你腦海中突然冒出成見是什麼時候？如果你和作者概括的大多數人一樣，那麼成見無時不在。這並不意味著你就是種族主義者、性別歧視者或任何有別的歧視的人。這只是意味著你的腦子思維很正常，你關注不同類型，並且做出歸納概括。但是讓人們變聰明的過程同樣也可以讓他們產生成見。我們往往都會不自覺地讓成見閃過腦海。這會讓人陷入過度歸納，並因此導致歧視——儘管他們自己覺得自己很公正。
作業解答
1.The dose intensity tails off with increasing distance from the body, and reaches a maximum when the devices are used next to the head during phone calls or in front of the body during texting or tweeting.
本句主幹為the dose intensity tails off and reaches a maximum; “with increasing distance from the body”為分詞做狀語；後半句“When…”為時間狀語從句，裡面又有兩個during…作時間狀語。
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