高考英語:形容詞和副詞知識彙總

高考英語:形容詞和副詞知識彙總

一、形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級

1.形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級,在重讀閉音節(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;

如:

big→bigger→biggest

hot→hotter→hottest

fat→fatter→fattest

sad→sadder→saddest

mad→madder →maddest

wet→wetter→wettest

2. 以輔音字母加y結尾的,變y為i,加er,如:

easy-easier

happy-happier

funny-funnier

early-earlier

busy-busier

dirty-dirtier(更髒)

heavy-heavier(更重)

healthy-healthier

friendly-friendlier

angry ugly,

但是:shy-shyer.

以元音字母+y結尾時,y不變,直接加er或est。如grey----greyer

3.、不規則變化

good/well— better—best

bad/badly/ill—worse—worst

many/much— more—most

old—older/elder—oldest/eldest

little— less —least

far—farther/further—farthest/furthest

2、單音節不規則變化

tired—more tired—most tired

fond —more fond—most fond

glad—more glad—most glad

bored— more bored—most bored

pleased —more pleased—most pleased

3、兩種變化(少數幾個雙音節詞以及以er或le結尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級和最高級)

cruel -crueler-cruelest/more cruel-most cruel

strict-stricter-strictest/more strict-most strict

often-oftener-oftenest/more often-most often

friendly-friendlier-friendliest/more friendly-most friendly

clever-cleverer-cleverest/more clever-most clever

4、沒有比較級

empty wrong perfect unique extreme excellent favourite favorite true right correct extremely possible first final last empty wooden

5、在原級形容詞之前加less, least構成的比較級與最高級成為“較低級”與“最低級”形式。

如:kind---less kind---least kind

useful---less useful----least useful

二、形容詞+ly購成副詞的規則

1. 輔音字母+y easy happy, heavy, busy 但是shyly, dryly

2. le結尾去e加y。simple, gentle,但是whole wholly

3. 元音字母+e結尾,true-truly,但duely

4. i,c結尾的加ally, 如basic scientific automatic energetic

5. 以le結尾的形容詞

大部分形容詞加-ly可構成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。

改錯:

(錯) She sang lovely.

(錯) He spoke to me very friendly.

(對) Her singing was lovely.

(對) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

friendly友好的---a friendly smile友好的微笑

fatherly像父親的---a fatherly teacher一位父親式的教師

lovely可愛的---a lovely girl一位可愛的姑娘

lively活潑的---a lively child一位活潑的小孩

lonely孤獨的---a lonely traveller一位孤獨的旅客

deadly致命的---a deadly blow致命的一擊

silly傻的,無聊的---a silly question愚蠢的問題

orderly秩序的---an orderly mind有條不紊的頭腦

manly男子氣概的---a manly person具有男子氣概的人

daily每日的---daily work日常工作

weekly每星期的---a weekly magazine週刊

yearly每年的---a yearly income年收入daily, monthly, early

smell-smelly adj.發臭的, 有臭味的

sound-soundly 完好地; 健全地; 穩健地; 堅固地; 徹底地; 正確地; 確實地,厲害地,酣暢地berate sb. soundly痛罵某人一頓

英語中部分特殊形式的比較意義和最高級的表達

1.A is senior/junior to B;

A比B年齡或級別大(高)/A比B年齡或級別小(低)

如:He is 3 years senior to me. 他比我大三歲。

A is superior / inferior to B A優於/劣於B

如: Beijing is superior to any other city in hosting the Olympic Games.在舉辦奧運會上,北京比其他任何城市都做得好。

2.A is to B what C is to D.

意為“A對於B就如C對於D。”

如:Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.

發動機對於機器就如心臟對於動物。

3.can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough

無論……都不為過,越……越……。 如:

You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你無論怎麼小心都不為過。

4. too…to句型的兩個意義

(1)表示否定意義,意為“太……而不能”。

如:This question is too hard for me to understand.

這個問題太難,我理解不了。

(2)表示肯定意義,意為“非常,很,極”。

當too後面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時,too表示“很,非常”之意,與very表達“很”的意思相同。當too前有all, but, only等詞時,形成only/but/all too…to do結構,仍舊錶達“非常,很,極”之意。

如:I'm too glad to hear the news.聽到這條消息我非常高興。

5.與than有關的短語

(1)more…than…是……而不是……;與其說……不如說……。

no more…than…不是……也不是……/與……同樣不

not more...than 不如……

如:That little girl is more tired than hungry.

那個小女孩是累了而不是餓了。(與其說那個小女孩餓了,還不如說她累了。)

He is no more deligent than Tom.他和Tom都不勤奮。

He is no more a teacher than a worker.他既不是老師也不是工人。

He is not more deligent than Tom.他不如Tom勤奮。

He is not more a teacher teacher than a worker.與其說他是教師,不如說是工人。

(2)more than 超過,不僅僅是

no more than=only 只不過(言其少)

not more than=at most 不多於,至多(指事實)

She is more than a friend to me, she is my family.

The room is no more than a barn.

(3) less than (數量)不到……,不足……;一點也不

no less than (數量)不少於……,至少

=not less than=at least

(4)less ……than 不如……;比……少;不是……而是……

No less...than=not less than (至少)不比……差,和……一樣

He is less a teacher than an expert.

He is more an expert than a teacher.與其說他確實老師,不如說是專家。

He is no less active than he used to be.

他和以前一樣積極。

例1.I'm afraid you've got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.

[解析] 此處是no more…than…結構,表示“不是……也不是……”或“與……同樣不”之意,故or改為than。句意:恐怕你們搞錯了,我既不是什麼科學家,也不是什麼數學家。

6.The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.

[解析] 此處是 “(ever)+比較級+and+比較級”結構,表示“日益”之意,故cold and cold改為colder and colder。句意:天氣變得越來越冷,人們紛紛提前在家裡生起了火。

7.比較級和否定詞連用表示最高級意義

【誤】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a good boss.

【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.

[解析] 此處是用比較級的形式表達最高級的含義,所以把good改為better。句意:為斯蒂文森先生工作太棒了,我真的找不到比他更好的老闆了。


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