（一）、動詞語態:主語和謂語動詞所表示的動作之間，可以有兩種關係：主語發出動作，或者主語發生動作。
英語中可以用一定的動詞形式表示這種關係，稱為動詞語態。
如果主語是動作的執行者，稱為主動語態；如果主語是動作的承受者，稱為被動語態。比如：
（1）We built a bridge last year. (主動語態)
句子成分分析：We是主語，built是謂語動詞（過去式），a bridge是賓語，last year是時間狀語。
（2）A bridge was built by us last year. （被動語態）
去年我們造了一座橋。
句子成分分析：A bridge是主語，was built是謂語動詞（被動式，過去式），by us是主語補足語，last year是時間狀語。
例（1）中的主語we執行動作，謂語built（造）是主動語態。例（2）中，主語a bridge承受動作，謂語was built（被造）是被動語態。
（二）動詞被動語態的構成
動詞被動語態由"be+及物動詞過去式"構成。
動詞被動語態的時態由助動詞be的各個時態變化表示。
1.動詞一般現在時被動語態
am
is + 過去分詞
are
English is widely used at international meetings.
英語在許多國際會議上廣泛使用。
Computers are sold in the shop.
那家商店出售電腦。
2.動詞一般過去時被動語態
was + 過去分詞
were + 過去分詞
Many new buildings were put up last year.
去年造了許多新樓房。
That song was sung by the singer at the party.
聚會上那首歌被那位歌星唱過。
3.動詞一般將來時被動語態
The play will be put on soon.
這個戲不久將要上演。
The old house is going to pulled down soon.
那幢舊房子很快就要被拆掉。
4.動詞現在進行時被動語態
am
is +being+ 過去分詞
are
A language lab is being built in our school.
我們學校正在建造一個語言實驗室。
The old bikes are being repaired now.
舊自行車正在修理。
5.動詞過去進行時被動語態
was +being+過去分詞
were +being+過去分詞
Mother said that my dirty clothes were being washed.
母親說我的髒衣服正在洗。
When I went to the watch shop, my watch was being fixed.
我到手錶店的時候，我的手錶正在修。
6.動詞現在完成時被動語態
have been + 過去分詞
has been + 過去分詞
The jobs have been finished.
這些工作已被完成了。
That dirty place has been turned into a garden.
那個髒地方已被變成一座花園。
含情態動詞的動詞被動語態結構為"情態動詞+be+過去分詞"。下面分別列出動詞被動語態的基本結構並配以適當的例句。
7.動詞過去完成時被動語態
had + been + 過去分詞
He said he had been offered a nice job.
他說有人給他一份很好的工作。
When I got there, the room had been cleaned.
我那兒時，房間已被打掃過了。
8.動詞過去將來時被動語態
should
would +be+過去分詞
was/were going to
They said that the lecture hall would be cleaned the next day.
他們說演講廳將在次日打掃。
I was told that he was going to be sent to work in asmall city.
有人告訴我他將被派往一座小城市工作。
9.含情態動詞的動詞被動語態
can
could
may
might be + 過去分詞
must
have/has to
should
The problem can be solved.
這個問題能夠得到解決。
Computers may be needed in our work.
我們工作中可能需要電腦。
These rules must be obeyed.
這些規定必須遵守。
The place should be kept clean.
那個地方應保持清潔。
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