《人工智能元素》課程由技術諮詢公司Reaktor和赫爾辛基大學共同創建。這門課程希望鼓勵儘可能多的人來學習AI是什麼，AI可以做什麼或不能做什麼以及教會創建AI的方法。
《人工智能元素》（Elements of AI），內容涵蓋 AI 定義到貝葉斯概率等一系列主題，每一部分的結尾還設置了簡短的測試題，每節課程在 5~10 小時左右。課程安排大概需要 6 周是時間學完，當然你也可以按照自己的進度學習課程。
網站地址：https://www.elementsofai.com/
chapter 1
what is AI?
Will a robot take my job? How is artificial intelligence likely to change my job in the next ten years? Where are AI technologies being used right now and where will they come next?
機器人會取代我的工作嗎？人工智能在未來十年內如何改變我的工作？人工智能技術現在在哪裡使用，接下來會在哪裡使用？
In Chapter 1, we will cover the following sections. Click below to get started:
在第一章中，我們將介紹以下幾節。單擊下面開始：
How should we define AI?
我們應該如何定義人工智能？
In our very first section, we'll become familiar with the concept of AI by looking into its definition and some examples.
As you have probably noticed, AI is currently a "hot topic": media coverage and public discussion about AI is almost impossible to avoid. However, you may also have noticed that AI means different things to different people. For some, AI is about artificial life-forms that can surpass human intelligence, and for others, almost any data processing technology can be called AI.
在我們的第一部分中，我們將通過研究人工智能的定義和一些例子來熟悉它的概念。
正如你可能已經注意到的，人工智能目前是一個“熱門話題”：媒體對人工智能的報道和公眾討論幾乎無法避免。然而，你可能也注意到人工智能對不同的人意味著不同的東西。對一些人來說，人工智能是可以超越人類智能的人工生命形式，而對另一些人來說，幾乎任何數據處理技術都可以稱為人工智能。
To set the scene, so to speak, we'll discuss what AI is, how it can be defined, and what other fields or technologies are closely related. Before we do so, however, we'll highlight three applications of AI that illustrate different aspects of AI. We'll return to each of them throughout the course to deepen our understanding.
我們將討論什麼是人工智能，如何定義它，以及哪些其他領域或技術是密切相關的。然而，在我們這樣做之前，我們將重點介紹人工智能的三個應用，它們說明了人工智能的不同方面。
set the scene:If you set the scene for someone, you tell them what they need to know in order to understand what is going to happen or be said next.
Application 1. Self-driving cars
應用1 自動駕駛
Self-driving cars require a combination of AI techniques of many kinds: search and planning to find the most convenient route from A to B, computer vision to identify obstacles, and decision making under uncertainty to cope with the complex and dynamic environment. Each of these must work with almost flawless precision in order to avoid accidents.
自動駕駛需要多種人工智能技術的結合：搜索和規劃從A到B最方便的路線，計算機視覺識別障礙物，以及在不確定條件下進行決策以應對複雜的動態環境。每一個都必須以近乎完美的精度工作，以避免事故。
The same technologies are also used in other autonomous systems such as delivery robots, flying drones, and autonomous ships.
同樣的技術也被用於其他自主系統，如運載機器人、無人飛機和自主艦艇。
Implications: road safety should eventually improve as the reliability of the systems surpasses human level. The efficiency of logistics chains when moving goods should improve. Humans move into a supervisory role, keeping an eye on what’s going on while machines take care of the driving. Since transportation is such a crucial element in our daily life, it is likely that there are also some implications that we haven't even thought about yet.
影響：隨著系統的可靠性超過人類水平，道路安全最終應該得到改善。物流鏈在運輸貨物時的效率應該提高。人類進入一個監督的角色，在機器負責駕駛的同時，時刻關注著發生了什麼。由於交通是我們日常生活中的一個關鍵因素，很可能還有一些我們還沒有想到的結果。
Application 2. Content recommendation
應用 2. 內容推薦
A lot of the information that we encounter in the course of a typical day is personalized. Examples include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and other social media content; online advertisements; music recommendations on Spotify; movie recommendations on Netflix, HBO, and other streaming services. Many online publishers such as newspapers’ and broadcasting companies’ websites as well as search engines such as Google also personalize the content they offer.
我們在一天中遇到的很多信息都是個性化的。例如Facebook、Twitter、Instagram和其他社交媒體內容；在線廣告；Spotify上的音樂推薦；Netflix、HBO和其他流媒體服務上的電影推薦。許多在線出版商，如報紙和廣播公司的網站，以及搜索引擎，如谷歌，也個性化他們提供的內容。
While the frontpage of the printed version of the New York Times or China Daily is the same for all readers, the frontpage of the online version is different for each user. The algorithms that determine the content that you see are based on AI.
雖然《紐約時報》或《中國日報》印刷版的頭版對所有讀者來說都是一樣的，但在線版的頭版對每個用戶來說都是不同的。決定你看到的內容的算法是基於人工智能。
Implications: while many companies don’t want to reveal the details of their algorithms, being aware of the basic principles helps you understand the potential implications: these involve so called filter bubbles, echo-chambers, troll factories, fake news, and new forms of propaganda.
雖然許多公司不想透露其算法的細節，但瞭解基本原則有助於理解潛在的含義：這些涉及所謂的過濾泡沫、回聲室、巨魔工廠、假新聞和新形式的宣傳。
Application 3. Image and video processing
應用 3. 圖像和視頻處理
Face recognition is already a commodity used in many customer, business, and government applications such as organizing your photos according to people, automatic tagging on social media, and passport control. Similar techniques can be used to recognize other cars and obstacles around an autonomous car, or to estimate wildlife populations, just to name a few examples.
人臉識別已經成為許多客戶、企業和政府應用程序中使用的一種商品，如按人組織照片、在社交媒體上自動標記和護照控制。類似的技術可以用來識別其他汽車和自動駕駛汽車周圍的障礙物，或者估算野生動物的數量。
AI can also be used to generate or alter visual content. Examples already in use today include style transfer, by which you can adapt your personal photos to look like they were painted by Vincent van Gogh, and computer generated characters in motion pictures such as Avatar, the Lord of the Rings, and popular Pixar animations where the animated characters replicate gestures made by real human actors.
人工智能也可以用來生成或改變視覺內容。現在已經在使用的例子包括樣式轉換，調整你的個人照片，使其看起來像是文森特·梵高畫的，計算機生成的人物在電影中，如《阿凡達》、《指環王》和流行的皮克斯動畫中，動畫人物複製了真人演員的手勢。
Implications: when such techniques advance and become more widely available, it will be easy to create natural looking fake videos of events that are impossible to distinguish from real footage. This challenges the notion that “seeing is believing”.
當這些技術進步並變得更為廣泛可用時，很容易製作出看起來自然的假視頻，而這些視頻是不可能與真實的視頻區分開來的。這挑戰了“眼見為實”的觀念。
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