《人工智能元素》课程由技术咨询公司Reaktor和赫尔辛基大学共同创建。这门课程希望鼓励尽可能多的人来学习AI是什么，AI可以做什么或不能做什么以及教会创建AI的方法。
《人工智能元素》（Elements of AI），内容涵盖 AI 定义到贝叶斯概率等一系列主题，每一部分的结尾还设置了简短的测试题，每节课程在 5~10 小时左右。课程安排大概需要 6 周是时间学完，当然你也可以按照自己的进度学习课程。
网站地址：https://www.elementsofai.com/
chapter 1
what is AI?
Will a robot take my job? How is artificial intelligence likely to change my job in the next ten years? Where are AI technologies being used right now and where will they come next?
机器人会取代我的工作吗？人工智能在未来十年内如何改变我的工作？人工智能技术现在在哪里使用，接下来会在哪里使用？
In Chapter 1, we will cover the following sections. Click below to get started:
在第一章中，我们将介绍以下几节。单击下面开始：
How should we define AI?
我们应该如何定义人工智能？
In our very first section, we'll become familiar with the concept of AI by looking into its definition and some examples.
As you have probably noticed, AI is currently a "hot topic": media coverage and public discussion about AI is almost impossible to avoid. However, you may also have noticed that AI means different things to different people. For some, AI is about artificial life-forms that can surpass human intelligence, and for others, almost any data processing technology can be called AI.
在我们的第一部分中，我们将通过研究人工智能的定义和一些例子来熟悉它的概念。
正如你可能已经注意到的，人工智能目前是一个“热门话题”：媒体对人工智能的报道和公众讨论几乎无法避免。然而，你可能也注意到人工智能对不同的人意味着不同的东西。对一些人来说，人工智能是可以超越人类智能的人工生命形式，而对另一些人来说，几乎任何数据处理技术都可以称为人工智能。
To set the scene, so to speak, we'll discuss what AI is, how it can be defined, and what other fields or technologies are closely related. Before we do so, however, we'll highlight three applications of AI that illustrate different aspects of AI. We'll return to each of them throughout the course to deepen our understanding.
我们将讨论什么是人工智能，如何定义它，以及哪些其他领域或技术是密切相关的。然而，在我们这样做之前，我们将重点介绍人工智能的三个应用，它们说明了人工智能的不同方面。
set the scene:If you set the scene for someone, you tell them what they need to know in order to understand what is going to happen or be said next.
Application 1. Self-driving cars
应用1 自动驾驶
Self-driving cars require a combination of AI techniques of many kinds: search and planning to find the most convenient route from A to B, computer vision to identify obstacles, and decision making under uncertainty to cope with the complex and dynamic environment. Each of these must work with almost flawless precision in order to avoid accidents.
自动驾驶需要多种人工智能技术的结合：搜索和规划从A到B最方便的路线，计算机视觉识别障碍物，以及在不确定条件下进行决策以应对复杂的动态环境。每一个都必须以近乎完美的精度工作，以避免事故。
The same technologies are also used in other autonomous systems such as delivery robots, flying drones, and autonomous ships.
同样的技术也被用于其他自主系统，如运载机器人、无人飞机和自主舰艇。
Implications: road safety should eventually improve as the reliability of the systems surpasses human level. The efficiency of logistics chains when moving goods should improve. Humans move into a supervisory role, keeping an eye on what’s going on while machines take care of the driving. Since transportation is such a crucial element in our daily life, it is likely that there are also some implications that we haven't even thought about yet.
影响：随着系统的可靠性超过人类水平，道路安全最终应该得到改善。物流链在运输货物时的效率应该提高。人类进入一个监督的角色，在机器负责驾驶的同时，时刻关注着发生了什么。由于交通是我们日常生活中的一个关键因素，很可能还有一些我们还没有想到的结果。
Application 2. Content recommendation
应用 2. 内容推荐
A lot of the information that we encounter in the course of a typical day is personalized. Examples include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and other social media content; online advertisements; music recommendations on Spotify; movie recommendations on Netflix, HBO, and other streaming services. Many online publishers such as newspapers’ and broadcasting companies’ websites as well as search engines such as Google also personalize the content they offer.
我们在一天中遇到的很多信息都是个性化的。例如Facebook、Twitter、Instagram和其他社交媒体内容；在线广告；Spotify上的音乐推荐；Netflix、HBO和其他流媒体服务上的电影推荐。许多在线出版商，如报纸和广播公司的网站，以及搜索引擎，如谷歌，也个性化他们提供的内容。
While the frontpage of the printed version of the New York Times or China Daily is the same for all readers, the frontpage of the online version is different for each user. The algorithms that determine the content that you see are based on AI.
虽然《纽约时报》或《中国日报》印刷版的头版对所有读者来说都是一样的，但在线版的头版对每个用户来说都是不同的。决定你看到的内容的算法是基于人工智能。
Implications: while many companies don’t want to reveal the details of their algorithms, being aware of the basic principles helps you understand the potential implications: these involve so called filter bubbles, echo-chambers, troll factories, fake news, and new forms of propaganda.
虽然许多公司不想透露其算法的细节，但了解基本原则有助于理解潜在的含义：这些涉及所谓的过滤泡沫、回声室、巨魔工厂、假新闻和新形式的宣传。
Application 3. Image and video processing
应用 3. 图像和视频处理
Face recognition is already a commodity used in many customer, business, and government applications such as organizing your photos according to people, automatic tagging on social media, and passport control. Similar techniques can be used to recognize other cars and obstacles around an autonomous car, or to estimate wildlife populations, just to name a few examples.
人脸识别已经成为许多客户、企业和政府应用程序中使用的一种商品，如按人组织照片、在社交媒体上自动标记和护照控制。类似的技术可以用来识别其他汽车和自动驾驶汽车周围的障碍物，或者估算野生动物的数量。
AI can also be used to generate or alter visual content. Examples already in use today include style transfer, by which you can adapt your personal photos to look like they were painted by Vincent van Gogh, and computer generated characters in motion pictures such as Avatar, the Lord of the Rings, and popular Pixar animations where the animated characters replicate gestures made by real human actors.
人工智能也可以用来生成或改变视觉内容。现在已经在使用的例子包括样式转换，调整你的个人照片，使其看起来像是文森特·梵高画的，计算机生成的人物在电影中，如《阿凡达》、《指环王》和流行的皮克斯动画中，动画人物复制了真人演员的手势。
Implications: when such techniques advance and become more widely available, it will be easy to create natural looking fake videos of events that are impossible to distinguish from real footage. This challenges the notion that “seeing is believing”.
当这些技术进步并变得更为广泛可用时，很容易制作出看起来自然的假视频，而这些视频是不可能与真实的视频区分开来的。这挑战了“眼见为实”的观念。
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