精準課題：現在完成時2
定義/語境：講述過去一直持續到現在的事情或狀態。
基本結構：主語+has/have +動詞過去分詞
時間狀語：for+一段時間，since+過去的時間點，how long, in the past/last +一段時間
關聯/辨異：
現在完成時用法一：有關鍵詞，無時間狀語；與短暫性動詞搭配使用
現在完成時用法二：有特定的時間狀語；肯定句與延續性動詞搭配使用；否定句與短暫性動詞搭配使用
- 經典例題：
請判斷下列句子是否正確，：
1 He has died for ten years.
2 I have bought my mobile photo for half a year.
3 The film has begun for 10 minutes.
4 I haven't seen him for a long time.
- 基礎積累：寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞。
1 want _____________ ______________ 2 enjoy _____________ _____________
3 move _____________ _____________ 4 live _____________ ______________
5 study _____________ _____________ 6 cry _____________ ______________
7 stop _____________ ______________
8 fly ______________ ______________ 9 grow _____________ ______________
10 know _____________ ____________ 11 hear _____________ ______________
12 hide _____________ _____________ 13 hurt ______________ ______________
14 hit _____________ ______________ 15 pay _____________ ______________
- 新知理解：表since+過去時間點的四種情況。
a. since + 過去的某年/月/星期幾, 如 since 1999/last September/Tuesday
b. since then: 自那時候起
c. since + 一段時間+ago, 如 since three days ago
d. since + 過去時的句子,構成<strong>“主完從過”的複合句。如 I have lived here since my father found a job in this city.
用for或since填空:
1 I have been ill _____________ about three days.
2 I have had my dog ______ I was ten years old.
3 He has been in China _________ about ten years.
4 Mr. Johnson has been a teacher in China _________ 2011.
5 I haven't done much exercise ______________ I got my computer last year.
完成句子：
1 大明已經在這所學校工作三年了。
Daming has worked here _________________________________.
2 自那時起，他們就住在北京了。
_____________________ they have lived in Beijing.
3 自從去年離開山西，我就沒見過他了。
I haven't met him ___________________________.
4 他去世很久了。
He has been dead ______________________ .
短暫性動詞與延續性動詞互換表：
當現在完成時與for+一段時間、since+一個過去的時間點、how long或in the past/last+一段時間等時間狀語連用時，下列動詞要變成對應的持續性表達。
借 borrow-- keep，例句： I have kept this book for a week.
買 buy-- have，例句：I have had this bike for three months.
打開 open-- be open，例句： The company has been open since 1999.
關閉 close-- be closed，例句： The factory has been closed since 1999.
離開 leave-- be away from，例句： My brother has been away from his hometown for 15 years.
死亡 die-- be dead，例句： He has been dead for a year.
來/去/到達 come/go/reach/arrive-- be in，例句： We have been in this school for over one year.
患感冒 catch/get a cold-- have a cold，例句：He has had a cold for three days.
開始/放映 begin/start-- be on，例句： The film has been on for 10 minutes.
參加 join-- be in，例句： He has been in the Party since 2000.
交朋友 make friends-- be friends，例句： We have been friends for 20 years.
感興趣 become/get interested in-- be interested in，例句： He has been interested in science
since he was five years old.
解題方法：
1） 查找時間狀語，如題中出現"for+一段時間，since+過去的時間點，how long, in the past/last +一段時間"等時間狀語，本題的考點是<strong>現在完成時+延續性動詞；
2）理解語境，題中沒有出現相應的時間狀語，讀懂題目，理解題中所講的是否從過去持續到現在的事情或狀態，如果是，本題的考點是<strong>現在完成時+延續性動詞。
一、單項選擇：
1 I have ____________ here since I was born.
A left B come C lived D came
2 I ____________ this car for a year.
A have bought B. bought C have had D have got
3 The shop ____________ since last week.
A closed B has closed C has been closed D was closed
4 How long have you __________ this book?
A borrowed B kept C bought D have
5 – How long have you been a Party member?
-- I _____________the Party for 3 years.
A joined B join C have joined D have been in
6 – How long have you studied German?
-- __________________.
A Since two years B For two years ago C Since 2005 D Two years before
7 We haven't seen each other _____________ to her country.
A since she has gone back B when she went back C since she went back D when she has back
8 -- ____________ has she worn glasses?
-- She has worn glasses for three years.
A When B How long C How much D How soon
9 – Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?
-- Yes, since he ______________ the Chinese Club.
A has joined B joins C had joined D joined
10 My brother left school in 2008. Since then he ________ in Beijing.
A lives B lived C will lived D has lived
11 He went abroad two years ago, but he had no money to come back. He ____________ his
hometown for two years.
A has left B will leave C has been away from D left
12 Mike _____________ Foshan. He _______________ it last year.
A has visited, visited B visited, visited C has visited, has visited D visited, has visited
13 How many machines ___________ in the last few weeks?
A did they make B will they make C have they made D had they made
14--- Is your father a Party member?
---Yes, he ______ the Party three years ago. He ______ a Party member for three years.
A has joined, joined B has joined, was C joined, was D joined, has been
15 David has ________________ China for five years.
A been to B come to C arrived in D been in
二、翻譯句子：
1 你教他們英語多久了？
___________________________________?
2 自從他回來以後，我們就成為了好朋友。
______________________________ since he came back.
3 我們從四歲開始就互相認識了。
We have known each other _____________________________.
4 她離開北京四年了。
____________________________________ for 4 years.
5 在過去的5年裡我一共去了五個不同的國家。
I have been to five different countries ____________________.
6 披得去世已經有10年了。
Peter ____________________________________.
7 你在那裡呆了多久？
_______________________________________________?
8 自2011年起，這家公司就倒閉了。
________________________________________________.
9 通尼買了照相機多久了？
How long ______________________________________________?
10 這本書我能借多久？
___________________________________________________________?
三、用括號內的時間短語改寫句子：
1 He has caught a cold. (for 2 days)
_________________________________________________.
2 John has borrowed the CD player. (since last week) ___________________________________________________.
3 They have broken this window. (five minutes ago) ___________________________________________________.
4 His family has left the USA. (for several years.) ____________________________________________________.
5 My sister has been a Party member since 15 years ago. (15 years ago)
______________________________________________________.
6 I have been in this school for two years. (in 2015)
_________________________________________________________.
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