高考英語總共有六大題型：聽力（30分），閱讀（40分，其中包括7選5，10分），完形填空（30分），語法填空（15分），改錯（10分）寫作（25分）。而在新高考形勢下，有個別省份高考英語題型及分值有所調整。這些省份去掉了改錯題，寫作共有兩篇，一篇讀後續寫和一篇常規小作文。
那麼，一篇作文得多少分才合格呢？25*60%=15。也就是說，如果你的作文分數在15分以下，就要好好看看這篇文章了。
下面我們就來看看高考英語作文的種類及其寫作指導：
作文分類
高考英語作文一共有兩大類分別是：實用文，應用文
實用文包括：
1.提綱作文 2.圖表作文 3.圖畫作文 4.開放作文
應用文包括：
5.書信 6.通知 7簡歷 8.日記 9.便條 10.電子郵件
今天我們給大家展示這十種作文的寫作指導以供大家學習，參考。
01 提綱類作文
如題：
在英語課堂上，你喜歡你的老師授課時只用英語，還是英語、漢語兼用？某英語雜誌社就此話題邀請中學生髮表看法。請圍繞“How do you prefer your English classes to be taught? In English only, or in both English and Chinese?”這個問題，參考所給要點，選擇一種授課形式，寫一篇英語短文。
授課形式一：只用英語
優點：有助於提高聽說能力等
缺憾：不易聽懂等
結論：……
授課形式二：英語、漢語兼用
優點：易於理解等
缺憾：英語氛圍不濃等
結論：……
注意：1.詞數 100~120，短文開頭已給出(不計詞數)。
2.參考詞彙：atmosphere氛圍
I prefer my English classes to be taught only in English because it is helpful for us to improve the ability of speaking and listening in a very short time. I have strong interest in English study and foreign culture, so I’d like to be totally immersed in the atmosphere of English so that I can quickly make progress. That’s why I prefer total English. However, since we are all English beginners, it’s really hard to understand all that the teacher says. Sometimes we need Chinese explanation. So my viewpoint is that we are taught not only in English but also using Chinese as a minor way to explain things that are hard to understand.
寫作指導：
本文寫作十分成功。語言和句式是本文最大的特點。好詞中詞彙的使用，將作者的意思表達得完整而準確，從而映襯了詞彙的重要性；其次，本文的句式以複雜句為主，表語、定語和狀語從句的使用都十分到位。
02 圖表作文
如題：
今年寒假，你參加了社會實踐活動，去某旅行社當業餘導遊。請根據該旅行社提供的數據和你的所見所聞，用英語寫一篇短文，作為寒假作業交給你的英語老師。
Number of people in City X travelling abroad in 1996, 2001 and 2006
要求：1. 簡析表格，說明產生這種現象的原因；
2. 結合漫畫，談談境外旅遊出現的問題；
3. 針對所出現的問題闡述你自己的看法（至少兩點）；
4. 詞數120左右；
5. 參考詞彙：吐痰 spit v.
範文參考：
When people’s life is getting better and better,more and more people choose to spend their holidays abroad. The year 2006 sees a sharp increase in the number of overseas travelers compared with the year2001, when the number was already much larger than that of the year 1996. It’s a good thing that Chinese tourism is developing very fast. However, reports about people’s bad manners flood in. Some are even asked if all Chinese spit and litter everywhere. The poor behavior has done great harm to the image of China, which is really shameful.
China has long been regarded as a country with good manners. Everybody should keep some do’s and don’ts in their mind to guide their behavior in public, home and abroad. Win respect for yourself and our country!
寫作指導：
1. 簡析表格內容；
2. 出境旅遊人數快速增長的原因，如：生活水平的提高（學生需自己發揮）
3. 漫畫中的問題: 隨地吐痰，亂扔垃圾
4. 個人的看法，指出這些行為是不文明的；要提倡社會公德（學生需自己發揮至少兩點）
該篇文章完全完成了試題規定的任務。 準確、清楚地表達了圖表、漫畫和要求中的內容，要點無遺漏，應用了較多的語法結構和詞彙有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結構緊湊，達到了預期的寫作目的。屬於很不錯的高分範文！
03 畫圖作文
如題：
根據以下圖畫，寫一篇英語短文，描述今昔通訊方式的變化，以及這些變化給人們生活帶來的影響。
注意：1．詞數：100左右
2．生詞：通訊：communicate 互聯網：the Internet
Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life.
In the past, people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone. But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone. People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time. What’s more, people have easy access to the Internet, which enables them to send and receive e-mails when ever they like. With these changes, people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient. It used to take several days to hear from each other, but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different countries.
In a word, people have an easier life nowadays.
寫作指導：
此類文章首先要構思文章結構
開頭：總起即說什麼
常用句型:
1. In short, things have begun to improve since …
2. Great changes have taken place in …
3.With the growing popularity of Internet surfing in China, the quality of our lives is improving.
4. There are some three major values of owning a car, To begin with … Next… last... There are, on the other hand, more reasons against it. First…, Second…, Finally…
主體：即怎麼說？可用舉例、對比、分析、數字、描寫等。
列舉過去的情況Take … for example, in the past she …. / she used to do besides…, what’s more.
列舉現在的情況 but now, not only do/ can he … but also he …;besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…
結尾：總結 in short; in a word; as a result
04 開放作文
如題：
你班將組隊參加學校組織的集體舞比賽(group dancing competition)，班長希望大家積極參與。對此談談你的想法。
A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part in it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.
Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy, so goes the saying, which clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides,I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class.
For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.
寫作指導：
你的文章必須包括以下內容：
1）你是否會參加比賽；
2）你做出該決定的具體理由。
所謂開放“作文”，是相對於我們過去一直沿用的“書面表達”這種指導性寫作(Guided Writing)而言的。它是一種比傳統的“書面表達”限制較少的、留給考生自由發揮空間更多的考查學生書面表達能力的一種題型。開放作文屬於命題作文，考生要根據所給命題，獨立進行構思，並必須做適當的發揮。它在一定程度上考查了考生的寫作能力，即要求考生根據寫作動機選擇相應的寫作策略，並根據自己已經具備的相應知識完成寫作。以下是開放作文常用句型
描述部分
1. As can be seen from the picture, a boy is doing …
2. There be … doing
3. See … doing
4. … while … (對比)
5. 地點狀語放句首, 主句全部倒裝.
地點狀語+live / fly / sit/ stand / grow /be +名詞+非限定性定語從句.
解釋部分
1. This picture sets us thinking and we may gain enlightenment from what the picture really means.
2. What the picture conveys goes far beyond only a picture itself. It carries deeper meanings.
3. My understanding of the picture is that…
4. Seeing the picture, I think that…
5. We can often see this similar phenomenon in our daily life.
It is very common in our society……
This phenomenon is not unusual in our society
This reflects a common phenomenon in our society
6. The picture reminds me of the fact that…
7. The picture sets us thinking a lot.
8. It is obvious that the picture has a profound /hidden / irony meaning.
9. The picture arouses our interest of guessing what the artist wants to tell us and at the same time we can learn something from it.
10. While the picture looks very funny, it really has a profound meaning for us to take into consideration.
11. The purpose of the artist who draws the cartoon picture is clear and instructive as well.
12. Obviously, we can learn a lot from the cartoon picture. What the picture tries to tell us is that…
結尾部分
1. In my view, no matter where we are working, we ought to cooperate with our colleagues well. And only in this way can we create a harmonious working atmosphere and work more efficiently.
2. From my perspective, weak as the grass is, it can stand strongly in the big wind when the big tree breaks in half. In other words, the grass appears weak, but it has a strong mind. The tree looks stronger, but it cannot conquer difficulties and even gives up hope in the end. So we can learn a lesson from the picture- a person’s inner strength is much powerful than physical strength.
3. We ought to hold a positive attitude towards our life. Only by this means can we live happily and healthily.
4. The picture tells us that we ought to help someone in our team to complete himself.Only by this means can our team work better and achieve success in the end.
5. Only when we see others’ advantages can we learn from them and make greater progress day by day.
05 書信
如題：
下面是一箇中學生給某報編輯部寫的一封信，仔細閱讀並就信的內容以編輯的名義給此中學生回一封信。
Dear editor.
I am an active girl, and I speak and laugh loudly in the classroom, like a boy. I don’t care about small matters. On the contrary, my neighbor, the girl who sits next to me, speaks quietly and dare not do the things I often do. I can understand this.
What I can’t stand is that she often gets angry with me about small things. How can I get along with her?
Yours， Sunny
注意：1)書信格式要規範；
2)回信需就原信內容給出至少三條建議（如談心，相互理解，參加他們的生日等活動，談論共同話題，分享快樂等等）；
3)字數：120左右。
Dear Sunny,
It’s very good that you want to be friends with this girl. In my opinion, you’d better first have a heart-to-heart talk with her, because understanding each other is very important for you two. And I also think it’s better for you to ask her to join you and your classmates in all kinds of activities, such as birthday parties, going out for a walk, discussing some fashionable topics, and so on. Besides, helping each other is also very important for both of you. Just share happiness and sadness with her. And I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain you two will be good friends in the future. Good luck to you. Yours,
Editor
寫作指導：
英信一般分為商業信函(business letters)和私人書信(personal letters)兩種，而書面表達一般都是要求寫私人書信。它包括五部分，即信頭、稱呼、正文、結束語和簽名，具體如下：
1．信頭：寄信人的地址和寫信日期，寫在信的右上角。注意中地名的寫法與中文不同，要從小到大；日期的寫法也與中文不同，不是寫在簽名之下，而是寫在寄信人的地址之下。習慣上人們採用美式英語表達，即月、日、年，月，日與年之間用逗號隔開，月份儘量不要縮寫，如june 8,2009；而英式英語表達則為日、月、年，中間不用逗號隔開，如8 june2009。
2．稱呼：自成一行，頂格寫。稱呼語常用：dear sir/madam/manager/editor/friends/bob，稱呼之後一般用逗號。
3．正文：信件的主體部分即為信的正文。正文寫在稱呼的下一行，與dear後第一個單詞對齊。正文通常包括三部分，即開頭、目的和結尾。正文的開頭語常用：thank you for your last letter asking about...；I’m glad to...。正文的結尾語是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的結尾語有：I’m looking forward to your reply；thanks and all the best；best wishes；wishing you a pleasant journey。
4．結束語：結束語與正文的結尾語不一樣，它要寫在結尾語的下一行，位於書信的右下角，後面用逗號。常用的結束語有：yours sincerely/faithfully/truly；sincerely/truly yours；yours等。
06 通知
如題：
假設你們將於5月10日去體檢。請根據下列內容和提示，寫一篇口頭通知，詞數80左右。
1．體檢地點：人民醫院，離我們學校不遠，步行大約15分鐘的路程。
2．體檢日期：5月10日上午8點，星期六。
注意：
1．7：45在醫院門口集合，可以騎車或步行前往。
2．體檢前空腹。
3．在醫院保持安靜，聽從醫生和護士的安排。
Notice
Attention please, everyone,
Our class will go to have a physical examination in People's Hospital on Saturday, 10th May. . It is not far from our school. It's about fifteen minutes' walk. You may either walk there or go there by bicycle.
The examination will begin at 8:00. We are not allowed to eat or drink anything before the examination. Keep quiet there and listen to the doctors and nurses.After the examination you may go home.
寫作指導：
一、掌握書面通知特點
書面通知即以書面的形式表達通知的內容，其特點是：措辭較嚴謹，句子結構相對口頭通知會更復雜，尤其會使用一些非謂語動詞短語(如用不定式表目的等)和從句(如if 從句、when從句、so that從句等)。
二、熟記書面通知格式
與口頭通知不同，書面通知在用書面形式表達出來時，它有自己比較固定的格式：如通知開頭要有標題(通常為Notice或Announcement)，標題下面是正文，正文後通常還應有發通知的單位(通常寫在右下角)和寫發通知的日期(通常寫在左下角)等。
三、注意與口頭通的區別
口頭通知一般有開頭稱呼語(Ladies and gentlemen, Boys and girls等)，而書面通知通常不用這些開頭稱呼語；口頭通知用來吸引聽眾注意力的句子(如May I have your attention, please? / Attention please, everyone. I have an announcement to make. / Be quite. There is something important I have to tell you.等)在書面通知中通常不可以用；口頭通知的結束套語(That’s all. Thank you very much.)在書面通知中也不會使用。
四、熟記書面通知套語
儘管書面通知與口頭通知有很多表達套語不一樣，但有些表達(如叫聽者不要遲到、歡迎某人參加某活動等方面的套語)是可以通用的，不過有時可能在措辭方面會有所不同(書面通知措辭可能會略正式些)。如：
口頭通知：Everyone should be there on time. Be sure not to be late. Please be present on time.
書面通知：Everyone is required to be present on time.
口頭通知：Be sure to attend it on time.
書面通知：Everybody is expected to attend it on time.
另外，書面通知的以下套語也需注意：
All teachers and students are required to…(全體師生務必要……)
Notice is hereby given that…(茲通知……)
Our school / The Student Union will / is going to hold…
A lecture will be given at 7:00 this evening in…
五、牢記書面語通知時態
與口頭通知一樣，書面通知也以一般將來時為主。如：
The students of Senior Grade One will go to Jingshan Park on May 4.
We will climb up the hill and have a picnic on the top of it.
After that we will visit the famous botanical garden nearby.
On July 22, Saturday, we will visit the following places — a school or a hospital.
We will be divided into four groups and each group can visit one of the places.
07 簡歷
如題：
國際文化交流中心將組織一次由各國學生參加的“和平，友誼”夏令營活動，要求報名者提前交英文個人簡歷。假設你是王珊，請根據下列信息寫一篇個人簡介。
注意：1.詞數不少於60
2.可根據內容要點適當增加細節，以使行文連貫
I’m Wang Shan, a girl of sixteen, presently attending Beijing Yangguang Middle School. I like music, especially classical music. I’m also interested in photography because it allows me to record the beautiful moments in my life. Through my hobbies, I’ve made many friends. In fact, I like meeting new people and enjoy talking with them. Believing we all need help from each other, I appreciate friends’ help, and I’m willing to help anyone in need.
I love life; I love Mother Nature; and I love peace. I hate any form of violence.
I would like to join the Peace & Friendship Summer Camp since it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their cultures.
寫作指導：
1.要點：文章可分為三個部分——基本情況（姓名、性別、年齡、學校），其他情況，參加夏令營的目的。
2.時態：一般現在時；
人稱：第一人稱
3.短語及句型：
上學：attend school
感興趣：be interested in/ take a deep interest in
擅長於：be good at
與人交流：communicate with
樂於助人：be ready to help others
結交朋友：make friends with
瞭解：learn about
08 日記
如題：
5月3日，你參觀了一個農場.請根據下列圖畫用英語寫一篇日記。
注意：
1. 日記必須包括圖中所有內容,可適當增減細節，使日記連貫。
2. 詞數 100左右。
May 3 Sunday Fine
Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning we met at the school gate and we went there together.
The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well! At noon, we had a picnic lunch in the sun0shine. After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and stories. Two of us even played a game of chess. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it, we had to say goodbye to the workers.
寫作指導：
1. 段落和要點：本文屬於日記，介紹參觀農場的相關情況；共有六個要點（6副圖片所描繪的內容要點）。
2.時態：一般過去時。
3.短語及句型：
在學校門口集合：meet/gather at the school gate
熱烈歡迎：give sb. a warm welcome
帶某人參觀：show sb. aroud
野餐：have a picnic lunch
過的愉快：have a good time/have fun doing something
講笑話：tell jokes
講故事：tell stories
下象棋：play chess/play a game of chess
告別：say goodbye to...
4.寫作模版：
（1）日記一般要求寫清日期和天氣。年、月、日和星期寫在第一行的左上角，天氣寫在日記第一行的右上角。如要強調寫日記的地點，則可將地點寫在日期的後面。
（2）命題日記將日記的標題寫在第二行。
（3）在第三行空兩個開始寫日記的徵文，一般寫日記直接切入主題。
（4）考試時的提示日記則要抓住要點，意思清楚，表達流暢，人稱多用第一人稱I或we，時態則用過去時、現在完成時或用一般現在時。
09 便條
如題：
你校學生會將為來訪的美國朋友舉辦一個晚會，要在學校廣播中宣佈此事，並歡迎大家參加。
為使美國朋友聽懂，請你寫一個廣播通知，字數要求100以內。
內容要點：
(1)為歡迎來訪的美國朋友舉辦晚會 (2)由學生會組織；
(3)於8月15日，星期六，晚7:30舉行； (4)將跳舞、唱歌、聽音樂、做遊戲；
(5)交換小禮品； (6)歡迎大家都參加。
可能用到的詞彙：學生會: Student Union 通知：announcement 交換：exchange
May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. The Student Union is going to hold
a party on Saturday evening, August 15, to welcome our friends from the United States. The party will be held
at 7:30 p.m. There will be music, dancing, singing, games and exchange of gifts. Will everybody please bring
along a small gift for this purpose? There's sure to be a lot of fun and everybody is welcome.
寫作指導：
1.段落和要點：文章可分為三個部分——活動的宗旨、組織者、時間、地點為第1段；或哦的難過內容為第2段；活動注意事項為地3段。
2.時態：一般將來時
3.短語及句型：
學生會：the Student Union
舉行聚會：hold a party
交換禮品：exchanges of gifts
包裝：wrap up
簽名：sign one's name
祝願詞：words of good wishes
4.寫作模版：
（1）口頭通知
An Announcement
Comrades and friends/Boys and girls/Teachers and students:
Attention please!/May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make...
(2）書面通知
Notice
The Student Union is going to hold a party on Saturday evening August 15 in the roof garden of Main Building...
10 郵件
如題：
假定你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter來信向你諮詢如何才能學好中文。請你根據下列要點寫回信。
要點：1. 參加中文學習班；2. 看中文書刊、電視； 3. 學唱中文歌曲； 4. 交中國朋友。
注意：1.詞數100左右； 2. 可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫；
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.
Here are a few suggestions. First, it is important to take a Chinese course, as you'll be able to learn from the teacher and practice with your fellow students. Then, it also helps to watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever possible.
Besides, it should be a good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs, because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more easily. You can also make more Chinese friends. They will tell you a lot about China and help you learn Chinese.
Try and write me in Chinese next time.
Best wishes.
寫作指導：
1.段落和要點：文章共4個要點，可以分為兩部分——要點1、2、為第1段，要點3、4為第二段。寫作時應注意將信息要點概括全面，同時注意句子之間的銜接和書信的整體結構。
2.時態：一般現在時
人稱：第二人稱
3.短語及句型：
參加中文學習班：take a Chinese course
向……學習：learn from
與……一起練習：practice with
看中文書刊、電視：watch TV and read books, newspapers and magazines in Chinese
交中國朋友：make more Chinese friends
4.關聯詞：first...then...besides...lastly/finally; on the one hand...,on the other hand...; first of all...in the next place...last but not least...
寫作模版：
英語書信寫作模版
開頭部分：How nice to hear from you again./let me tell you something about the activity./I'm glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th./ I'm pleased to hear that you're coming to China for a visit./I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
結尾部分：With best wishes./ I'm looking forward to your reply./I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
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