译文来源：三泰虎 http://www.santaihu.com/48840.html译者：Joyceliu
In his 2016 book Alibaba: The House That Jack Ma Built, author Duncan Clark wrote about how the founder of one of the world’s biggest e-commerce companies hires.
When building up his team Jack preferred hiring people a notch or two below the top performers in their schools. The college elite, Jack explained, would easily get frustrated when they encountered the difficulties of the real world.
Hiring strategies at Indian companies couldn’t be more different. Not only do they want to hire the top performers, they want to hire them from elite colleges such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) or the Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). A top e-commerce firm in the country is even notorious for hiring its early team from a specific hostel at IIT Delhi.
All over the world, employers like to hire people who are similar to them. In India, however, they do so without an iota of guilt or embarrassment. Most tech founders, often graduates of top schools themselves, publicly and proudly declare that hiring from an IIT is the “most natural thing” for them to do.
在2016年出版的《阿里巴巴：马云建造的房子》一书中，作者邓肯写到了全球最大的电子商务公司之一的创始人如何挑选员工。
在组建自己的团队时，马云更喜欢雇佣比学校里表现最优秀的人略低一两个等级的人。马云解释说，当大学里的精英们遭遇现实世界的困难时，他们很容易感到沮丧。
印度企业的招聘策略截然不同。他们不仅希望聘用顶尖人才，还希望员工都出自印度理工学院(简称IITs)或印度管理学院(简称IIMs)等精英院校。印度一家顶级电子商务公司甚至还因从印度理工学院德里分校(IIT Delhi)的一个特定宿舍楼里雇佣早期团队而臭名昭著。
众观全球，雇主都喜欢雇佣与自己相似的人。然而在印度，雇主们这样做没有一丝内疚或尴尬。大多数科技公司的创始人(往往自己就是顶尖商学院的毕业生)都公开自豪地宣称，从印度理工学院招聘是他们“最自然的选择”。
Part of the bias comes from years of brainwashing by Indian middle-class parents, who convince their children that their success, self-worth, and marriage prospects are directly tied to the college they attend. As an extension,they tend to trust, invest in, or mentor only people like themselves.
While there is a widespread perception that institutes such as IITs and BITS Pilani celebrate meritocracy, it may not be entirely accurate. Where and to whom one is born often plays a role in deciding where one studies, especially since the route to top universities is paved with expensive cram school fees.
Given the competitive selection processes they undergo, engineers or managers from premier universities do bring a lot to the table, from academic excellence to a strong alumni network. They also typically have sharper soft skills, especially fluency in English, still critical to success in corporate India.
However, those who go to non-elite schools tend to bring to the table something else of great value: a need to prove themselves.
这种偏见部分来自印度中产阶级父母多年来的洗脑，他们让孩子相信，他们的成功、自我价值和婚姻前景与他们上的大学直接相关。因此，他们也只信任、投资或指导像他们一样的人。
尽管人们普遍认为，印度理工学院和印度理工学院等机构推崇精英制度，但这种看法可能并不完全正确。一个人在哪里出生，在谁那里出生，往往是决定他在哪里学习的一个因素，特别是因为通往顶尖大学的道路都是昂贵的补习班学费堆出来的。
考虑到他们所经历的竞争激烈的选拔过程，一流大学的工程师或经理们确实获得了很多东西，从学术卓越到强大的校友网络。他们通常还拥有更敏锐的软技能，尤其是流利的英语，这仍然是个人能否在印度企业取得成功的关键。
然而，那些进入非精英学校的学生往往能获得一些拥有巨大价值的东西：证明自己的需要。
“Graduates from tier 2 or tier 3 schools have a hunger to over-compensate for what they perceive they lack,” says Dinesh Jain, who has been CEO of organizations such as Nissan Motor-India and Zee Turner. He now runs IndianMaze Advisory, a strategy firm, and wrote on LinkedIn recently about the benefits of hiring from smaller towns and colleges.
“They have seen their counterparts from larger cities with ‘privileges’ and they want to achieve all that and more. Therefore, they are far more driven,” he wrote.
Hiring from lesser-known colleges can benefit companies in surprising ways. Those from better schools are usually uncompromising about the types of jobs they want: well-paid, intellectually-stimulating, cutting-edge. That leaves plenty of lower-level roles available for their less academically advanced peers, who can make productive use of the opportunity. “After four to five years, the grassroots level worker has a superior understanding of the ecosystem and can make a significant contribution to the company’s overall strategy,” writes Jain.
曾担任尼桑汽车印度公司和Zee Turner等公司首席执行官的迪内什•贾殷表示：“来自二流或三流学校的毕业生渴望弥补他们认为自己所欠缺的东西。”他现在经营着一家战略咨询公司IndianMaze Advisory，最近他在领英上写了一篇关于从小城镇和大学招聘的好处的文章。
“他们看到来自大城市的同行拥有‘特权’，他们希望实现所有这些，甚至更多。因此，他们更有动力，”他写道。
从不太知名的大学招聘可以让公司以令人惊讶的方式受益。那些来自好学校的学生通常对他们想要的工作类型毫不妥协：高薪、能激发智力、前沿尖端。这就为那些学术水平较低的学生留下了大量的低级别职位，他们可以充分利用这一机会。杰恩写道:“四五年后，基层员工对生态系统有了更深刻的理解，可以为公司的整体战略做出重大贡献。”
More importantly, as Indian startups expand into markets beyond major cities, the experience and knowledge that people from smaller towns and colleges possess becomes arguably more important to a company’s success. By hiring only from elite colleges, which have severely skewed gender and caste ratios, companies are unlikely to get on board diverse perspectives.
“You cannot continue to hire people based on ‘feels’,” says Apurv Agrawal, founder of workflow automation platform Squad.
This realization is creeping up on bigger companies as well.
“Companies like Flipkart…have a very diverse customer base. That means we have as many women shopping through e-commerce as men. The same sort of diversity in our employee fabric becomes critical for our success,” says Phanimohan Kalagara, senior vice-president of product and engineering at Flipkart Online. He did not go to an IIT, he adds.
How can employers become better judges of talent? Fighting years of conditioning and biases at the time of recruiting is hard, yet rewarding. I spoke to a few entrepreneurs about some practical measures companies can take while hiring.
更重要的是，随着印度初创企业向大城市以外的市场扩张，来自小城镇和大学的人所拥有的经验和知识可以说对一家公司的成功更加重要。只从精英大学招聘，会严重扭曲性别和种姓比例，企业不太可能接受不同的观点。
工作流自动化平台班的创始人阿普尔夫•阿格拉瓦尔表示:“你不能继续凭‘感觉’招聘员工。”大公司也逐渐意识到这一点。
“像Flipkart这样的公司……拥有非常多样化的客户群。这意味着我们通过电子商务购物的女性和男性一样多。”Flipkart Online负责产品和工程的高级副总裁帕尼莫罕•卡拉加拉表示:“员工构成的多样性对我们的成功至关重要。”他补充说，他自己就没有上过印度理工学院。
雇主如何才能更好地评判人才？在招聘时与多年的条件和偏见作斗争并非易事，但是是值得的。我与一些企业家讨论了公司在招聘时可以采取的一些实际措施。
Ask “out of syllabus” questions
Anirudh Pandita, founder of digital entertainment company Pocket Aces, likes to ask candidates about things completely unrelated to the job profile in question, querying prospective coders, product designers, or>
How does an elevator work?
How will you explain this technology to your grandmother?
What will happen in the future if cloning becomes a reality?
The intent is to see how candidates react to unexpected situations. “Even if they don’t know the technical answer, I just want to see how they behave,” says Pandita, who has an MBA from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. “It helps me figure out if they are the right cultural fit for our organization or not.”
He looks for people who have the humility to receive feedback and know it when they are wrong, a quality some top academic performers may not possess.
提问“教学大纲之外”的问题
数字娱乐公司Pocket Aces的创始人阿尼鲁德•潘迪塔喜欢问应聘者一些与工作完全无关的问题，比如询问未来的程序员、产品设计师或编剧下面的问题：
电梯是如何工作的?
你会如何向你的祖母解释这项技术?
如果克隆成为现实，未来会发生什么?
这样做的目的是为了了解候选人对意外情况的反应。拥有宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院MBA学位的潘迪塔表示:“即使他们不知道技术上的答案也没关系，我也只是想看看他们的表现。”“这可以帮我弄清楚，他们是否适合我们的企业文化。”
他寻找的是那些能够谦逊地接受反馈，并在犯错时能意识到这一点的人，而这正是一些顶尖学者所不具备的品质。
Look for spikes in the resume
Given the rapid changes in technology and an evolving business world, what one learns in college can be outdated even by the time of graduation. It is important for employers to gauge an applicant’s curiosity and willingness to learn by looking at other activities on their resumes. Look, for example, at the quality of the internships or online courses a candidate has participated in.
“No engineer can say, ‘I can’t write as good a code as an IIT-ian’ now, because of online learning,” says Squad’s Agrawal. “I have met candidates from unknown colleges in places like Bareilly who have read more books on physics and philosophy than anyone I know.”
发现简历中的闪光点
考虑到科技的快速发展和商业世界的不断发展，一个人在大学里学到的东西可能在毕业时就已经过时了。雇主可以通过简历上的其他活动来判断应聘者的好奇心和学习意愿。例如，看看应聘者参加的实习或在线课程的质量。
Squad的阿格拉沃尔表示：“由于在线学习，现在没有哪个工程师会说，‘我写不出像跟印度理工学生一样好的代码’。我遇到过一些来自巴雷利这样地方的无名大学的学生，他们读的物理和哲学方面的书比我认识的任何人都多。”
Find people who have failed
New entrepreneurs told me about a lesser-known problem with good students, especially those who have been top performers since kindergarten: They don’t know what it is to fail. To build something truly big, a startup founder needs a team that can handle failure. As Alibaba’s Ma told an audience in Nairobi: “If you cannot get used to failure—just like a boxer—if you can’t get used to (being) hit, how can you win?”
寻找曾经失败过的人
新企业家告诉我一个不太为人所知的好学生问题，尤其是那些从幼儿园起就表现优异的学生:他们不知道失败是什么。要打造真正伟大的事业，创业者需要一个能应对失败的团队。正如马云在内罗毕对观众说的那样:“如果你不能习惯失败——就像拳击手一样——如果你不能习惯被打，你怎么可能赢?”
Mentor
For those who’ve found professional success despite graduating from less-famous colleges, there’s a way of giving back: become a brand ambassador for your alma mater.
Go back and mentor students and let them know about the expectations they will face in the modern Indian workplace. “When I graduated from IIFT in 1986, it wasn’t what it is today,” notes Jain. “Not many blue-chip companies recruited from there. It would be a similar story for colleges like IMT Ghaziabad.”
The investment is worth it, for you and your company, because these graduates will remember that you picked them when no one else did.
导师
对于那些从不太知名的大学毕业却获得成功职业的人来说，有一种回报的方式：成为母校的品牌大使。
返校指导学生，让他们知道他们在现代印度工作场所将面临的期望。“1986年我从IIFT毕业的时候，情况和现在不一样，”Jain说。“去那里招聘的好公司并不多。对于像IMT Ghaziabad这样的大学来说，情况也差不多。”
对你和你的公司来说，这笔投资是值得的，因为这些毕业生会记得，是你在别人没有选择他们的时候选择了他们。
以下是美国雅虎网站读者评论：
外文链接：https://finance.yahoo.com/m/a93673a4-d59e-3ce9-962c-9c2199b18217/indian-employers-are.html
Timothy2 days ago
But graduates of elite universities very often are NOT top performers, they merely have parents who are top earners. So this theory makes no sense in the real world.
但精英大学的毕业生往往不是最优秀的，只是他们的父母属于收入最高的阶层。所以这个理论在现实世界中毫无意义。
GDLem
In my technical industry, I've worked and met many Indians, Chinese, Japanese, etc...brilliant (almost genius) minds that I'll never match up to....the problem with most of them is that they don't know how to make a decision, or afraid to, or want no such responsibility.....it doesn't leave me with much to work with....
在我的技术行业，我同事过、也遇到过许多印度人、中国人、日本人等，他们聪明的(几乎是天才级别的)头脑，我永远无法匹敌…他们大多数人的问题是不知道如何做决定，或者害怕做决定，或者不想承担这样的责任……它没有给我留下多少工作要做……
Nathan
Hiring "stars" based on college class rank is how Enron happened.
根据大学的班级排名雇佣“明星”学生是安然事件的起因。
El Whappo
I'm guessing that the two schools mentioned are full of prominent caste students. Time to shred that ideology and use your manpower to accomplish something good.
我猜上面提到的两所学校都是高种姓学生。是时候打破这种观念，用你的人力资源去做些好事了。
Sam Anderson
Check properly, they might be faking it or committing fraud while doing this.
要好好核实一下，他们可能作假了，或者犯了欺诈罪。
GG
I don’t care what school they went to. Just give me my Lotto ticket and $25 on pump #5.
我不在乎他们之前上了什么学校。把我的乐透彩票和5号油泵的25美元给我就行了。
Pharter McScooter
I work for a tech giant and trust me...those I work with in India aren't all that "elite". Their culture in the work place is very siloed...ie, they don't think outside the box and there's only black and white in their processes.
我在一家科技巨头工作，相信我……我在印度的同事并非都是“精英”。他们在工作场所的文化非常封闭……也就是说，他们不会跳出思维定势，在他们的思维中只有黑与白。
Andrew
Interesting article. I can see how this can be a problem as some colleges are so set in legacy and others are just too expensive. Most of the education I have had or been exposed to seemed more like indoctrination than real education.
有趣的文章。我明白这是一个问题，因为有些大学太注重传统，而有些则太贵了。我所接受的大部分教育看起来更像是灌输，而非真正的教育。
Anonymous
Well... they do have an elite caste system, so.......
嗯...他们有一个精英阶层制度，所以......
shockedoldDad
When I have worked with many Indians in American companies and locations, I've found that they got here as a function of money more than brilliance. One downside is that they are accustomed to working with and directing the work of servants, such as me.
当我在美国的公司和地方与许多印度人共事时，我发现他们来到这里工作都是为了钱，而不是为了才华。缺点是他们习惯于和仆人一起工作，并指挥他们，比如我。
richard
i had a store right next to "the indian market" in bellevue wa. only a mile from micro-soft, where many indians work. there were some very nice and polite indians, but overall most were rude, let their young kids run wild, and expected us, to sell anything they wanted, for half price.
我在贝尔维尤瓦的“印度市场”旁边开了一家店。离很多印度人工作的微软只有一英里距离。非常友好和有礼貌的印度人有一些，但总体上他们大多数很粗鲁，让他们的孩子到处乱跑，并期望我们以半价出售任何他们想要的东西。
JJ
Oh jeez.....Indians are taking over in my industry. They are literally everywhere. Being smart is great, but being sensible and having business savvy is something else. On a daily basis some Indian is giving me grief about something.......
哦老天.....印度人正在接管我的行业。他们确实无处不在。聪明固然重要，但明智和商业头脑是另外一回事。每天都有一些印度人因为某些事情让我伤心。
Jukti2 days ago
One can't get into an IIT or IIM by bribing or giving donations. Admission is strictly based on merit. Graduates from these colleges do very well in research and teaching. Doing well in large companies is an entirely different thing.
一个人不能通过贿赂或捐赠进入IIT或IIM。这些大学的录取是严格根据成绩进行的。这些大学的毕业生在研究和教学方面做得很好。在大公司干得好完全是另一回事。
Junk2 days ago
Standardizes test taker and exam crammers are top performance in India, they spend 5-6year to prepare for IIT (3 subjects), none has much of soft skill neither any one can write simple essay.
标准化考试和填鸭式考试在印度表现最好，他们花5-6年备考印度理工学院(3个科目)，没有多少人拥有很多软技能，也没有人能写出简单的论文。
scs872 days ago
No one can fake himself or herself as representing from IIT or IIM. All of these on site in person interviews. Even US (especially the top investment banking companies) and European companies have the same bias, they recruit graduates from IIT and IIM directly by going to these colleges. However now, the top performers from even the second tier colleges are equally good or better so many companies within India do recruit from there, however the US/Euro companies do not.
没有人可以假装自己是IIT或IIM的代表。所有这些都是现场采访。甚至美国(尤其是顶级投行公司)和欧洲公司也有同样的偏见，它们直接从印度理工学院(IIT)和印度管理学院(IIM)招聘毕业生。然而，如今，即便是二流大学的顶尖人才也同样优秀，甚至更为出色。印度国内许多公司确实从二流大学招聘人才，而美国/欧洲公司则没有。
Eric
Here in the U.S. too many students do just what they need to get by, and expect top grades for minimal work. We need to make America great again.
在美国，太多的学生只是做他们需要做的事情，期望以最少的工作得到最好的成绩。我们需要让美国再次伟大。
Shyerrylittle
It is the same everywhere. Walk over to Google (three blocks from my office) and you will find it filled with Stanford and other elites. So what if you got a degree in English. You will get a job there.
全世界都一样。走到谷歌(离我的办公室三个街区远)，你会发现那里挤满了斯坦福大学和其他学校的精英。如果你有英语学位呢？你会在那里找到工作的。
Princess
Most academic elites usually have type A personalities. They are not good workers because spend too much time trying to control situations and other people, lack compassion and unable to go with the flow. Some times because of their innate controlling tendencies, they also lack creativeness, hence poor problem solvers i.e. only one solution they are able to see..their way or the highway!
大多数学术精英通常都是A型人格。他们不是好员工，因为他们会花太多时间试图控制局面和其他人，缺乏同情心，不能跟随大家的意见。有时，由于他们天生的控制欲倾向，他们也缺乏创造性，因此他们是糟糕的问题解决者，他们只能看到一个解决方案。要么走他们的路，要么滚蛋!
urine troubleyesterday
these elite students, especially the indians, have absolutely no common sense. most are terrible employees and you typically find them going back to school to get more degrees after they fail at their first job. They never successfully realize that it is them that is the problem and not the education. I've seen it over and over and over.
这些精英学生，尤其是印度人，完全没有常识。大多数都是糟糕的员工，你通常会发现，他们在第一份工作不顺后，就会回学校攻读更多的学位。他们从来没有成功地意识到问题出在他们自己身上，而不是教育。这种事我看过无数次了。
The Greys Are Here
Good let them run their businesses into the ground.
好，让他们把公司搞得乌烟瘴气吧。
Anonymousyesterday
What do you expect from the nation that invented the caste system
你对发明出种姓制度的国家还抱着什么期待么？
Raymond
Only 2% of India's engineers are able to use a keyboard. The rest are "unemployable" per Indian go nment.
只有2%的印度工程师会使用键盘。其余的则是印度政府所说的“无法就业”。
Edward
Many have multiple degrees in a lot of countries but far and few has good communication skills or the capabilities to prove to me they are really utilizing the degrees that are on paper.
许多印度人在很多国家都有多个学位，但很少人拥有良好的沟通技巧或能力向我证明，他们只会纸上谈兵。
FLX
they talk a lot, do little and copy or steal other people's ideas. Habitual liars.
他们说得多，做得少，还抄袭或窃取别人的想法。积久渐成的骗子。
Hank2 days ago
The best are the super intelligent that didnt see the need to do the useless work in school when the aced all of the tests. They ended up not getting scholarships or going to college. These tend to actually be the most creative and intelligent of the work force and are the ones I prefer to hire. They are diamonds in the rough and have never faked their way through life like a lot of the "elite" have.
最出色的其实是那些超级聪明的人，不认为那些没用的功课有什么必要性，却还能在考试中得A。他们最终没有获得奖学金或没上大学。这些人往往是劳动力中最有创造力和最聪明的，也是我更愿意雇用的人。他们是未经雕琢的钻石，从没有像许多“精英”那样在生活中作假。
Jam Greene
PM Modi should give very LOW interest loans to Entrepreneurs below the age of 25. If a young man or woman has a business idea, he/she should be given a VERY VERY ATTRACTIVE LOAN.....of course with a little background check and everything. It is very high time to do this. Farmers should be counselled to become entrepreneurs. They should be allowed to grow anything in their lands including SANDALWOOD TREES. The Farmer should be able to sell his produce anywhere at his price. This is the only way BHARAT can truly transform herself into a MARKET ECONOMY.
莫迪总理应该给25岁以下的企业家提供低息贷款。如果一个年轻人有商业想法，他/她应该得到一笔非常有吸引力的贷款。当然，要先做一些背景调查。现在正是这样做的时候。应该建议农民转变成企业家。他们应获准在自己的土地上种植任何东西，包括檀香树。农民应该能获准在任何地方以自己的价格出售农产品。这是印度真正转变为市场经济的唯一途径。
fred
Most TOP school grads, overseas or in America, are good at blowing their own horns, office politics, and putting others down. If you look at what they actually accomplish project wise, it usually ranges from failure to pathetic.
大多数顶尖学校的毕业生，不管是在海外还是在美国，都擅长自吹自擂，搞办公室政治并打击他人。如果你仔细看看他们实际完成的项目，你会发现他们的项目从失败到可悲都有。
Richard
Asian Indian man pleads Guilty to Defrauding US Dept of Veterans Affairs with $29 Million.
一名亚裔印度男子承认诈骗美国退伍军人事务部2900万美元。
Cornholio2 days ago
Brilliant students don't always have the soft skills needed to be an effective leader/manager in a company.
优秀的学生并不总具备成为公司出色领导者/经理所需的软技能。
IndependantVoteryesterday
No different than any other nation - top schools have more driven students and hence the correlation to succed. That does not mean folks from other schools do not suceed. If i could pick a person from Harvard or University of South Carolina or Alabama - all things being equal, i would pick the kid from Havard, despite the fact i did not go an elite school.
与其他国家都一样，顶尖学校的学生更发愤图强，因此也更容易成功。这并不意味着其他学校的学生不能成功。如果让我挑选一个来自哈佛大学、南卡罗莱纳大学或阿拉巴马大学的学生——在所有条件相同的情况下，我会选择哈佛的学生，尽管我没有上过精英学校。
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