1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any
other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.
【 句式翻譯 】 例如，進入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更願意購買電腦遊戲，因此，針對這個目標群體制作有吸引力的電腦遊戲廣告是有意義的。
【 句式分析 】 本句是一個含有 so 引導的結果狀語從句的複合句，同時又含有一
個 than 引導的比較狀語從句。
【詞語點撥】 1) likely adj. 可能的；常用於句型：s b /sth be likely to do= it is likely that … 可能做……
He ’ s very likely to send me an email tonight.
=
It ’ s very likely that he ’ ll send me an email tonight.很可能他今晚會給我發電子郵件。
The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. = It’s likely that the company will set up a branch in our city.
這個公司可能要在我們的城市建立分公司。
2) make sense 有意義；講得通； make sense of 理解
I can ’ t follow these instructions -- they don ’ t make sense .
我不理解這些指示-- 根本講不通嘛 。
We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it.
我們我們把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它說些什麼。
3) appeal to 吸引； appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼籲某人幹某事；求助於
Blue and red appeal to me, but I don ’ t like gray or yellow.
我喜歡藍色和紅色, 而不喜歡灰色或黃色。
Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him.
傑克真切地向朋友請求支持。
We can appeal to the website for the information we need.
我們可以在網上查找我們需要的信息。
【語法點撥】 本句中 的 than any other… ，意為“比其他任何一個……”，所談
論的對象在比較的範圍之內；若不在範圍之內，則不用 other 。如：
China is larger than any other country in Asia.
中國比亞洲任何別的國家都大。
China is larger than any country in Africa.
中國比非洲的任何國家都大。
2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they ar e to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.
【 句式翻譯 】 年輕人越接觸經濟問題，他們就能越早地瞭解這些問題，他們就更有可能成為有責任感的、 早作打算的成年人，能夠有信心地、有效地管理自己的經濟問題。
【 句式分析 】 本句含有“ the+ 比較級， the+ 比較 級”的句式，同時又含有一個 who 引導的限制性定語從句 ，修飾先行詞 adults 。
【 詞語點撥 】 1) expose vt. 揭露；使暴露；be exposed to 暴露於；接觸
We must expose this shameful activity to the newspapers.
我們一定要向報社揭露這一無恥行徑。
We should allow children to be exposed to new ideas.
我們應當讓孩子們接觸新思想。
2 ） manage v. 應付 ， 設法對付；管理；能解決 ； manage to do 設法做成
We need people who are good at managing .
我們需要擅長管理的人。
He
managed to send the tourists to the airport in time.他設法把遊客及時送到機場。
Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water if they are not managed carefully.
如果掌控小帆船不夠小心，它們在水中就容易翻。
【語法點撥】 “ the+ 比較級， the+ 比較級 ” ，表示“ 越 …… 越 ……” 。如：
The more we get together, the happier we ’ ll be.
我們越是多聚會, 我們越快樂。
The longer she worked at it, the more enthusiastic she became.
她越幹越來勁。
3. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.
【句式翻譯】 她發現因為努力被表揚的孩子比因為聰明被表揚的孩子在考試中表現得更好，更願意承擔困難的任務。
【 句式分析 】 本句含有一個 than 引導的比較狀語從句 。
【 詞語點撥 】 t ake on 承擔；呈現
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他一向樂於挑重擔。
The chameleon can take on the colour of its background.
變色龍可呈現出與其背景相同的顏色。
【語法點撥】 當我們要對兩個人或物進行比較時，就採用比較級，比較級的構成：形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+ 比較成分，意思是：“更……些”或“較……”。 Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help.
當別人需要幫助時，行動勝於語言。
In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge.
一句話，實踐遠比書本知識重要。
4. Perhaps more importantly,
the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.【 句式翻譯 】 也許更重要的是，你越善於管理你的學習時間，你就會有更多的時間用在你課外的興趣上。
【 句式分析 】 本句含有“ the+ 比較級， the+ 比較 級”的句式，同時含有兩個非限制性定語從句，分別修飾先行詞 the time 和 the more time 。
【 詞語點撥 】1) devote vt. 獻身；專心於；常接time/money/energy/life/oneself 作賓語，構成短語 be devoted to=devote oneself to 獻身於，致力於； to 為介詞，後面接名詞、代詞或者動名詞。
Lang Lang devoted a lot of time to playing the piano even when he was a little child. 郎朗小時候就把很多時間都用來彈鋼琴。
After her marriage, the singer couldn ’ t devote herself totally to her music. 結婚之後這個歌手無法全力傾注於音樂。
2 ） spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth 表示“花費 ( 時間、金錢等 ) 做某事”，其中的介詞 in 可以省略。
Every day, most of the students in this school spend three hours on their homework. 這所學校大多數學生每天花三個小時做家庭作業。
It is bad for children to spend a lot of time playing computer games. 用很多時間玩電腦遊戲對孩子是有害的。
【語法點撥】 “ the+ 比較級， the+ 比較級 ” ，表示“ 越 …… 越 ……” ， 具體用法參見 第2 句。
5. He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry.
【 句式翻譯 】 他讀中學和大學的那段時間都在那裡工作，一直到1942 年，也就是他在大學裡獲得化學碩士學位後的 那 一年。
【 句式分析 】 本句含有一個after 引導的時間狀語從句，從句中運用了過去完成時態。
【 詞語點撥 】 gain vt. （經過努力）獲得，取得
We gain knowledge by practicing again and again .
我們從反覆訓練中獲取知識。
They reali z e d that passing the exam was no longer enough to gain a place at university .
他們認識到僅僅通過這個考試，並不能確保在大學獲得一席之位。
【語法點撥】 過去完成時的構成：had done ，表示“過去某一時間或動作以前已經發生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發生的時間是“過去的過去”。表示過去某一時間可用 by, before, after 等構成的短語，也可用 when, before 等引導的從句或通過上下文表示。如：
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected .
當她終於收到她盼望已久的禮物時，她興奮得兩眼閃光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.
12 歲時，愛迪生就開始自己謀生。
6. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space.
【 句式翻譯 】 到本世紀末，我們將會在太陽系中發現其他適合人類居住的星球，並將發現進行更遠空間探索的方法。【 句式分析 】 本句是由並列連詞and 連接的複合句，句中運用了將來完成時態。
【 詞語點撥 】 suitable adj. 合適的，適當的；構成短語：be suitable for 適合……
They don ’ t think this article is suitable for publication.
他們認為這篇文章不宜發表。
John wanted to change over to a more suitable job.
約翰想換一個更加適合的工作。
【語法點撥】 將來完成時的構成：will/shall have done ，表示“到將來某一時間為止已經完成的動作”。常與 by + 將來時間， before+ 將來時間和 by the time 引導的表示將來時間的從句連用。如：
He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year.
到明年年底他就會寫完他的小說了。
When we get there ， she ’ ll have gone to work.
我們到那裡時她會已上班去了。
7. In today ’ s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “ hero ” will have lost all meaning.
【 句式翻譯 】 在當今世界，人們祝賀獲勝者，並把他們看作英雄，但如果服用興奮劑和基因治療繼續影響著主要體育項目的成績的話，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意義。
【 句式分析 】 本句是由並列連詞but 連接的複合句，第二個分句運用了將來完成時，同時，包含有一個 if 引導的條件狀語從句。
【詞語點撥】 1) celebrate vt. 慶祝
The whole city celebrated the New Year with fireworks.
全城放焰火來慶祝新年。
2) affect vt. 影響，感動
I told him firmly that his opinion will not affect my decision.
我堅定的告訴他，他的觀點不會影響我的決定。
The audience present was deeply affected by his speech.
在場的聽眾都被他的演講深深地打動了。
【語法點撥】 將來完成時, 具體用法參見第 6 句。
8. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire.
【 句式翻譯 】 歷史上有記載的最早的傳染病之一發生在公元500-550 年，當時的羅馬皇帝正在試圖重建羅馬帝國。
【 句式分析 】 本句包含一個when 引導的限制性定語從句，從句中運用了過去進行時。
【詞語點撥】 attempt v.& n. 嘗試，試圖
William attempted to find the solution to the problem.
威廉試圖找到問題的解決辦法。
He was nearly drowned in the attempt to swim across.
他在試圖游到對岸去時差一點被淹死。
【語法點撥】 過去進行時的構成：was/were doing ，表示“過去某個時間正在進行的動作”。常用的時間狀語有 this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 等。如：
What was he writing all day last Sunday?
上週日他一整天都在寫什麼？
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥騎自行車的時候從車上摔下來受傷了。
9. The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale , and experts are predicting far worse to come.
【 句式翻譯 】 最近的幾年裡，人們見證了大規模的環境災難，專家們預測更為嚴重的災難即將發生。
【 句式分析 】 本句是由並列連詞and 連接的複合句，第一個分句運用了現在完成時。
【詞語點撥】 on a grand scale 大規模地，大張旗鼓地
We should popularize science on a grand scale .
我們應該大規模普及科學。
【語法點撥】 現在完成時的構成：has/have done ，常表示“某一動作或狀態發生在過去，對現在有影響”，也可表示“持續到現在的動作或狀態”。常用的時間狀語： for 或 since 引導的時間狀語及 before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years 等。如：
We have booked a room for today and tomorrow.
我們已經預訂了今天和明天的房間。
The house has been empty for ages.
這幢房子已經空了相當長時間了。（現在仍空著）
10. In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth ’ s climate -- something previously seen as beyond our control.
【 句式翻譯 】 最近幾十年，科學家們達成共識並報道說，人類正在引起地球的氣候變化—而這在以前看來是我們不能控制的。
【 句式分析 】 本句是複合句，含有一個that 引導的賓語從句，主句中運用了現在完成時。
【詞語點撥】 1) reach (a) consensus 達成共識，達成一致意見
It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on this issue.
他們在這個問題上很難取得一致意見。
2) beyond prep. 超過；越過；在…較遠的一邊
The delay was caused by heavy weather and was beyond our control .
延遲是由惡劣天氣造成的，我們無法控制。
The beauty of the scene was
beyond compare .景色之美無與倫比。
Linda always wondered what was beyond the horizon .
琳達總是納悶著地平線的那一邊是什麼。
【語法點撥】 現在完成時，具體用法參見第10 句。
11. Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites have also been developed and in the last five years there have been only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.
【 句式翻譯 】 治療水母刺傷和毒蛇咬傷方法也已經研製成功，在過去的五年裡只有三人死於水母刺傷，這與被蛇咬傷致死的人數大體相同。
【 句式分析 】 本句是由並列連詞and 連接的複合句，第一個分句運用了現在完成時的被動語態。
【詞語點撥】 develop v. 開發，發展，研製（新產品）
Over the last few years tourism here has
developed considerably.在過去幾年裡，這裡的旅遊業獲得了相當大的發展。
The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.
那兩個公司已合作研製新型賽車。
【語法點撥】 現在完成時的被動語態的結構就是現在完成時態和被動語態的結構的疊合，即：has/have been done ，表示“過去發生的動作對現在有影響或持續到現在，並且主語與謂語動詞之間為被動關係”。常用的時間狀語： for 或 since引導的時間狀語及 before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years 等。如：
The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned .
辦公室看起來很乾淨。它剛被打掃過。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
這臺機器已修了兩小時了。
12. Adverts are not only made and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to inform or educate the public. 廣告不僅
【 句式翻譯 】 廣告 可由商家付費製作，也可以由想給公眾傳達某種信息或教育公眾的個人、組織或協會來出資製作。【 句式分析 】 本句是由並列連詞not only … but also 連接的複合句，第一個分句運用了一般現在時的被動語態。
【詞語點撥】 inform vt. 通知，告知；構成短語：inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
I shall inform you soon of the date of my arrival.
我將把我到達的日期通知你。
I regret to inform you that I am unable to help you.
我遺憾地告訴你我沒法幫助你。
【語法點撥】 一般 現在時的被動語態的構成：is/are done 。表示“現在經常性、習慣性的動作，並且主語與謂語動詞之間為被動關係”。
A lot of food is wasted every year.
每年浪費掉很多食物。
Millions of tons of waste and poisonous gases are sent into the air with the smoke. 數百萬噸的廢氣和毒氣隨著煙塵散發到空中。
13. Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.
【 句式翻譯 】 瑪格麗特，已婚，帶著兩個孩子，七年來一直在做清潔工，晚上給一座大樓裡的辦公室打掃衛生。
【 句式分析 】 本句是簡單句，運用了現在完成進行時，包含有兩個非謂語短語，married with … 在句中作後置定語，cleaning offices 作伴隨狀語。
【詞語點撥】 marry v. ( 使 ) 結婚；嫁；娶
Because of her beauty, she has managed to marry above her.
由於貌美，她得以嫁給一個地位比她高的人。
I'm sure Jack was sincere when he said he wanted to marry you .
我相信傑克說想娶你是真心的。
They got married to each other against their parents ’ wishes.
他倆的結合違背了各自父母的願望。
【語法點撥】 現在完成進行時的構成：has/have been doing 。表示“一個動作從過去某個時間開始，延續到現在，並且還有可能持續下去”。如：
You have been sitting in front of that computer too long.
你在電腦前坐的時間太長了。
No wonder he is so tired. He has been working all day.
難怪他這麼累，他工作一天了。
14. Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, genetically modified (GM 轉基因 ) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.
【 句式翻譯 】 自從二十世紀九十年代早期首次投入市場以來，轉基因食物就不斷地在很多國家開發和銷售，主要是基於想要結束世界糧食危機。
【 句式分析 】 本句是一個含有 since 引導的時間狀語從句的複合句， have been developed and marketed … 是現在完成時的被動語態形式。
【詞語點撥】 basis n. 基礎；構成短語：on the basis of 以……為基礎
Don ’ t evaluate a person on the basis of appearance.
不要以相貌取人。
Mr. Smith goes to the gym on a regular basis .
史密斯先生定期去健身房。
【語法點撥】 現在完成時的被動語態，具體用法參見第11 句。
15. At nine o ’ clock on Saturday morning, I ’ ll be sitting in the front row and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my brain.
【 句式翻譯 】 星期六上午九點鐘，我將會坐在前排，聆聽偉大的威拉德教授談論大腦的未來發展。
【 句式分析 】 本句是簡單句，運用了將來進行時，含有一個複合賓語的結構， talking about … 在句中作賓補。
【詞語點撥】 listen vi. 聽（後面常接介詞to ）
Whatever you said, he simply wouldn ’ t listen .
你怎麼說他也不聽.
We ’ re going to listen to a report this afternoon.
今天下午我們要去聽報告。
【語法點撥】 將來進行時的構成：will be doing ，表示“將來某一時間正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，並繼續下去的動作”。常用延續性動詞 , 常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。如：
The minister will be giving a speech on international affairs.
部長將就國際事務發表演講。
Please don’t call me between 8:00 and 10:00 tomorrow. I ’ll be having my classes then.
明天8 點到 10 點之間請不要給我打電話，我那時正在上課。
16. The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal battle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the ca re of coma patients.
【 句式翻譯 】 最近一位美國婦女Terri Schiavo 的案例已經暴露出許多關於對昏迷病人的護理的敏感的司法和醫學問題，她的丈夫打贏了一場官司，在她在昏迷狀態下度過 15 年之後，把她與她的生命供應機切斷了。
【 句式分析 】 本句是複合句，主語是 The recent case ，謂語是 has exposed ， 關係代詞 whose 在句中引導一個非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 Terri Schiavo ； 關係代詞 that 在句中引導一個限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 issues ，taken off 在句中作賓補。
【詞語點撥】 1) sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受影響的
A baby is sensitive to the slightest changes in its mother ’ s voice.
嬰兒對母親聲音的最細小變化都很敏感。
My teeth are really sensitive to hot and cold.
我的牙齒對冷熱真地很敏感。
2) surround vt. 包圍；環繞, 圍繞
You will discover that you are surrounded by happiness.
你會發現，幸福其實就是在你身邊。
The video images made the visitors feel they were surrounded with wild life.
這些圖像給參觀者產生身處野生動物之中的感覺。
【語法點撥】 have sth done 有三種含義： 1) 請別人做某事，相當於 get sth done 2) 遭受一種不幸 3) 完成某項工作；在這一結構中， done 做賓補，和賓語 sth 之間是被動關係。如：
We had the computer repaired immediately .
我們立刻請人把電腦修好了。
I had my watch stolen last night.
昨晚我的手錶被偷了。
另外，have sb do... 讓某人去做……， have sb doing 讓一直做……；在這兩個結構中， do 和 doing 和賓語之間都是主動關係。如：
I would have my friend wait for me at the gate of the park.
我要朋友在公園門口等我。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那兩個人讓燈通宵亮著。
17. The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terri’s parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri.
【 句式翻譯 】 法院批准把生命供養機關掉，雖然此項裁決使得Terri 的父母感到吃驚，而且使其他人聲稱生命是神聖的，沒有人有權力將其終止，但是許多人都會說這對 Terri 來說是一件正確的事情。
【 句式分析 】 本句是複合句, while 引導讓步狀語從句，that 引導賓語從句， which 引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 life ， feeling numb 和 claiming 賓補，i t 在句中代替to do for … 作形式主語。
【詞語點撥】 1) approval n. 批准；同意，贊成
The plan had the approval of the school authorities.
計劃得到學校當局的認可。
We expected our plan to meet with approval .
我們希望計劃能得到批准。
2) approve v. 同意，贊成
Her father will never approve of her marrying such a lazy fellow.
她父親永遠不會贊成她嫁給這樣的懶人。
【語法點撥】 1)leave sb doing 讓 / 使某人做……， doing 在這個結構中作賓補，和賓語 sb 是主動關係。如果賓語和賓補是被動關係，用 leave … done 。如：
Repeated failure had left them feeling very discouraged.
三番五次的失敗使他們情緒非常低落。
His reply left us all rather confused .
他的答覆我們都搞糊塗了。
2 ）動詞不定式或主語從句作主語時，為了保持句子結構的平衡，常用 it 作形式主語，而將真正的主語置於句末。 it 沒有具體意義。如：
It is a pity that he should refuse my invitation.
他竟然拒絕了我的邀請，真是遺憾！
Is it difficult to understand the English program.
理解這個英語節目難嗎？
18. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president; he is also the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for the White House.
【 句式翻譯 】 埃德蒙茲是第一個非洲裔美國人作為全職演講撰稿人為美國總統工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美國人作為演講撰稿人總監為白宮工作。
【 句式分析 】 本句包含有兩個由分號分隔開的分句,不定式短語 to work… 和 to serve… 都作定語，修飾the first African American 。
【詞語點撥】 serve v. 服務；用作；端上
We found that birch bark could serve as paper.
我們發現樺樹皮可以作紙用。
Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers.
空姐們為乘客服務時總是滿臉笑容。
Please clear your books away so that I can serve dinner.
請把你的書收拾一下以便我端上飯菜。
【語法點撥】 動詞不定式可以放在表示次序的詞the first, the last 等後面以及 the only, the very, the right 等詞後面作定語 , 且與這些詞有邏輯上的主謂關係。結構為： the first/last /only/very/right/best/youngest ...+ n./pron. + to do sth ，表示“第一個 / 最後一個 / 唯一的 / 恰好的 / 合適的 / 最好的 / 最年輕的……做某事的人 / 物”。 如：
The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain.
最後一個離開正在下沉的船的那個人是船長。
New Zealand was the first nation in modern times to allow women to vote.
新西蘭成為現代史上第一個允許婦女有選舉權的國家。
19. The Olympic spirit -- the spirit of competition which emphasizes taking part rather than winning -- has been violated by the desire
to succeed at all costs.【 句式翻譯 】 奧林匹克精神 — 強調參與而不是取勝的競技精神 — 已經被為成功而不惜一切代價的願望所褻瀆。
【 句式分析 】 本句是複合句, which 引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞spirit ， to succeed 修飾 desire ，作定語。
【詞語點撥】 rather than 與其；不願；而不是。用於連接兩個並列成分，連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與 rather than 前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致
Tom rather than his friends has been chosen.
是湯姆而不是他的朋友們被選中。
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.
與其說她買的這件羊毛衫便宜不如說它漂亮。
I decided to send an e-mail rather than telephone.
我決定發郵件而不是打電話。
【語法點撥】 有些名詞後常跟不定式作定語，如：time, way, right, reason, effort, chance, movement , ability, desire, tendency 等。如：
Thank you for giving me a chance to make a speech.
謝謝你給我發言的機會。
Mr. Green has the ability to bring out the best in others.
格林先生能做到揚人之長。
20. When you set out to do something different, there ’ s no end in sight, so to find myself in a position where I now have my own name on a contract of the publisher -- to be a published writer -- is unbelievably rewarding .
【 句式翻譯 】 當著手去做不同的事情，看不到結果，所以，發現自己的名字寫在出版商的合同上 — 要成為一個出版作家 — 是令人難以置信的回報。
【 句式分析 】 本句是複合句，包含有三個從句， when 引導時間狀語從句， so 引導結果狀語從句， where 引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞 position ， t o find … 在句中作主語。
【詞語點撥】 r ewarding adj. 值得的；有報酬的
So far my time with these children has been very rewarding .
到目前為止, 我和這些孩子們度過的時光非常有價值。
Government service can be a rewarding and secure career.
政府部門的工作可以很有回報，很有保障。
【語法點撥】 動詞不定式可以作主語，位於句首。如果動詞不定式短語過長，為了避免句子頭重腳輕，可用it 作形式主語，而將真正的主語動詞不定式短語後置，具體用法參見第 17 句。如：
To obey the law is the duty of everybody.
遵守法律人人有責。
To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.
愛人和被人愛是這個世界上最大的幸福。
21. To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a“sharing circle”with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
【句式翻譯】要真正開發同理心，你最好在養老院或醫院做志願者，加入一個有多樣化的會員的俱樂部或團隊，與你的家人有一個“共享圈”，或者在動物收容所照顧寵物。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，that引導一個非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a club or a team，volunteer, join, have和spend是並列的謂語動詞，To really develop…在句中作目的狀語。
【詞語點撥】volunteer v. 志願 n. 志願者
Some graduates volunteer to work in the countryside.
一些大學生自願到農村去。
She now helps in a local school as a volunteer three days a week.
目前她在當地的一家學校做志願工作，一週去3天。
【語法點撥】不定式to do可以作目的狀語（其否定形式：not to do），相當於in order to do和so as to do (so as to do只能放在句中，不能位於句首)。如：
One should get enough exercise
to keep healthy.為了維持身體健康，一個人要有足夠的鍛鍊。
To find a better job, a lot of people choose to go to the big cities.
為了找份更好的工作，很多人願意到大城市去。
22. Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.
【句式翻譯】自豪地閱讀我寫的內容時，我環顧整個房間，卻發現我的同學笑得眼淚都要流出來了。
【句式分析】本句是簡單句，包含有三個非謂語短語，reading my words 和only to find…分別作時間狀語和結果狀語，bearing…作賓補。
【詞語點撥】glance vi瞥；瀏覽；後面常跟at, through, over等介詞
I picked up the phone book and glanced through it.
我拿起電話簿，匆匆掃了一遍。
He glanced at his watch and left the room.
他匆匆看了一下手錶，離開了房間。
【語法點撥】動詞不定式作結果狀語時，通常表示出乎意料的結果，常被just或only修飾，置於句末，用逗號和句子分開。如：
I went to the classroom, only to find nobody there.
我去了教室，卻沒有見到一個人。
He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked and barred.
他衝到門邊, 卻發現門已被鎖死了。
23. At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female to win the women’s world title for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991.
【句式翻譯】1991年，12歲的伏明霞就獲得了一項吉尼斯紀錄，當時她參加了在澳大利亞舉行的跳臺跳水世界錦標賽，成為最年輕的女子世界冠軍。
【句式分析】 本句是複合句，when在句中引導狀語從句，to win the women's world title…作定語，修飾the youngest female。
【詞語點撥】championship n.冠軍稱號；錦標賽
We are proud for you to win the championship.
我們為你贏得冠軍而驕傲。
All the gold medals for the championship fell to the team.
本屆錦標賽的所有金牌都被這個隊奪得。
【語法點撥】動詞不定式作定語，具體用法參見第18句。
24. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee.
【句式翻譯】把酒精從體內消除是個緩慢的過程，也不可能通過任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡來加速其消除的過程。
【句式分析】本句是由並列連詞and連接的複合句，To get rid of alcohol和to speed it up在句中都作主語。
【詞語點撥】1)get rid of 擺脫；除去
How to get rid of air pollution is still a big problem.
如何清除空氣汙染仍然是個大問題。
2)measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段 vt. & vi. 測量；有……長（寬、高等）
A clock measures time.
鍾是用來計量時間的。
This room measures ten metres across.
這個房間寬十米。
Mr. Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes to his own measure.
史密斯先生要求裁縫照他的尺寸做新衣服。
We must take measures to prevent the water from being polluted.
我們必須採取措施防止水被汙染。
【語法點撥】動詞不定式作主語：具體用法參見第20句。
25. Having identified the target group, researchers find out as much as possible about those in the target group, such as their likes and dislikes, and how the product would fit into their lives.
【句式翻譯】明確了廣告的目標群體後，研究人員就會盡量獲取這個群體的有關信息，例如他們的好惡，以及如何使產品適應他們的生活。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，how在句中引導定語從句，Having identified the target group是現在分詞的完成形式作狀語。
【詞語點撥】identify vt. 識別，認出
Could you identify your bike among a hundred others.
你能從100自行車中認出你的那一輛嗎？
The bad weather is identified as the possible cause of the accident.
壞天氣被認為可能導致了這個事故。
【語法點撥】having done可以作狀語，此時，它代表的動作發生在句子謂語動作之前，它的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致。如：
Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam.
由於沒有盡最大努力，他這次考試沒能通過。
Having known the situation well, they could deal with the problem efficiently.
由於對形勢的深刻了解，他們有效地處理了問題。
26. Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.
【句式翻譯】拉拉沿著回洞穴的路走著，聽到狼群在森林裡嚎叫，她的步伐加快了，擔心會有野獸在等者伏擊她。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，that引導賓語從句，Having heard 和fearing…在句中作狀語。
【詞語點撥】1)accelerate v. 加快，加速
In order to catch up with and surpass the advanced world levels we’ll have to accelerate our speed.
要趕超世界先進水平，我們還得快馬加鞭。
Sunshine, fresh air, and rest often accelerate a person's recovery from sickness.
陽光 、 新鮮空氣和休息常會促使病人早日康復。
2)lie vi.平躺；位於（lay, lain）；撒謊（lied, lied）；n.撒謊
The factory lies to the west of town.
工廠在小鎮的西邊。
David felt tired, so he went and lay down for a rest.
戴維感到疲勞，所以去躺下休息了。
His books lay open on the desk when I went in.
我進去時，發現他的書平攤在書桌上。
Richard wasn’t telling the truth. He was lying.
理查德沒講實話，他在撒謊。
The only way to meet the manager is to lie in wait for him as he leaves one of his meetings.
找到這個經理的唯一辦法是，等著他從會議結束出來。
【語法點撥】1)having done作狀語：具體用法參見第25句。
2）現在分詞作狀語：
①現在分詞doing所代表的動作或狀態與謂語動詞是同時或幾乎是同時發生的，可以作時間、原因、方式、條件、結果、目的、讓步、伴隨等狀語。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。如：
Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.
他一衝出屋子就被一輛車撞倒了。
My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.
我表兄去深圳了，希望在那兒找份工作。
The child fell，striking his head against the door.
小孩摔了一跤，頭在門上碰了一下。
In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 過去幾年裡，這個國家經歷了艱難的時期，遭受了幾次致命的地震。
Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom.
因為是春天，所以花都盛開著。
②有些分詞作狀語，沒有邏輯上的主語，已成為習慣用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考慮到), generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that（假設）等。如：
Talking of this film, it’s wonderful.
說到這部電影，好極了。
Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?
假定那是真的, 我們現在該怎麼辦?
Judging by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today.
根據風向測度, 今天不會下雨。
Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 嚴格地說, 社會心理學研究人們的群體行為。
27. Having scared the little beings, I began struggling to get loose and managed to break the strings that tied my left arm and slightly moved the strings that tied down my hair.
【句式翻譯】嚇跑了小人，我開始掙扎以使繩子鬆開，終於掙斷了綁著左臂的繩子，並輕輕地解開綁著頭髮的繩子。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，兩個that在從句中都引導定語從句，修飾先行詞the strings，Having scared…在句中作狀語，to break…作manage的賓語。
【詞語點撥】struggle vi. 搏鬥; 掙扎；爭取 n.打鬥；掙扎；鬥爭
The climbers struggled against the strong wind and finally reached the top of the mountain.
登山者在強風中艱難的行走，最終到達山頂。
They struggled to get out of the burning building.
他們艱難地逃離了著火的大樓。
With a struggle, I managed to control my feelings.
經過一番鬥爭，我把情緒控制住了。
【語法點撥】1)having done作狀語，具體用法參見第25句。
2)不定式to do常跟在下列動詞後作賓語：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like等。如：
His parents choose to live in the countryside.
他的父母決意在鄉下居住。
We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我們約定在這裡見面，但是到現在她還沒露面。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?
明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？
28. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.
【句式翻譯】西班牙流感在十八個月內奪去了五千萬人的生命，該病似乎專門襲擊年輕力壯的人，而不是老邁長者，被認為是歷史上最嚴重的一次傳染病。
【句式分析】本句是簡單句，包含有一個句式：be believed to do/be 被認為做……/是……，Having killed…在句中作狀語，to strike…作定語，修飾tendency。
【詞語點撥】strike vt. 攻（襲）擊；打，打動； (鍾)敲響報(時); 使突然想起 n.打擊；罷工
Snowstorms often strike that area in winter.
冬天暴風雪常常襲擊那個地區。
Strike while the iron is hot.
趁熱打鐵。
The clock struck twelve.
鐘敲十二點。
I was struck by the beauty of the West Lake.
我被西湖的美景給迷住了。
It suddenly struck me that I ought to make a new plan.
我突然想到, 我應該制訂一個新的方案。
The bus drivers have been on strike for several days.
公共汽車司機罷工好幾天了。
【語法點撥】1）(sth/sb)be believed to do/be 被認為做……/是……= It is/ was believed that…，在這個句式中，不定式作主語補足語，可以代替believe用於這個句式的動詞還有：say, suppose, think, know, report等。如：
Do you know why Friday is believed to be an unlucky day?
你知道為什麼星期五被認為是不吉利的日子嗎？
The old castle was believed to have ghosts living in it for many years.
多年來人們一直相信這座古堡裡面居住著幽靈。
The great pyramid is believed to have been built over a 20-year period.
人們認為建造這座大金字塔花去了20多年的時間。
Yao Ming is thought to be one of the best basketball players in the world.
姚明被認為是世界上最棒的籃球運動員之一。
2）having done作狀語，具體用法參見第25句。
3）to do作定語，具體用法參見第19句。
29. I don’t know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.
【句式翻譯】我不知道您對倫敦有什麼期望，但我知道您從未到過亞洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告訴你一點關於你期望找到的東西。
【句式分析】本句是有並列連詞but連接的複合句,同時包含有四個從句，what your expectations are…，that you’ve never travelled…，I’d tell you和what you can…都是賓語從句；knowing…和to find…在句中分別作主語和賓語。
【詞語點撥】expect v.期望；預期
You can’t expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability.
如果你要做能力達不到的事，就別指望成功。
The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation.
西湖的春景要比他所預想的更加美麗。
【語法點撥】1）doing可以作主語：
①很多情況下，相當於to do，有時也可用it 作形式主語。常用doing作主語的句型：
It is no good/use doing…做……沒用
It is useless doing…做……沒用
It is worthwhile doing…做……是值得的
It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice.
勸說李小姐接受我們的建議是沒有用的。
②如果doing有自己的邏輯主語，doing前可以用形容詞性的物主代詞或名詞所有格來修飾。如：
Tom’s/his coming late made the manager very angry.
湯姆/他來晚了讓經理很生氣。
③to do和doing做主語的區別：to do常表示具體的某一動作; doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念時，多用動名詞。如：
Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air.
騎自行車是很好的運動; 而且還不汙染環境。
2）不定式to do作賓語：具體用法參見第27句。
30. The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.
【句式翻譯】擺脫負面的自我形象的最好辦法是意識到你的形象遠遠不是客觀的，同時主動地使你相信自己的積極的品質。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，that your image is…是賓語從句，to get rid of…在句中作定語，to realize… 和to actively convince…是並列成分，作表語。
【詞語點撥】 far from 遠離；遠非，遠遠不是
The work he did yesterday is far from perfect.
他昨天做的的工作遠非十全十美。
Far from relieving my cough, the medicine made it worse.
這藥非但不鎮咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厲害。
2）convince vt. 使信服；常用於以下結構：
①convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事。如：
You need to convince your boss of your ability to do the job.
你需要讓你的老闆相信你有做這份工作的能力。
②convince sb to do 說服某人做某事
It took me a long time to convince him to go with me.
我用了很長時間才說服他和我一起去。
③convince sb+that從句 使某人相信
I managed to convince my friend that I didn’t mean to hurt him.
我設法使朋友相信我不想傷害他。
【語法點撥】1）不定式to do作定語：具體用法參見第19句。
2）不定式to do作表語：
① 說明主語的具體內容。如：
My only wish is to do something for the public.
我唯一的願望是為公眾做些事。
② 表示不可避免將要發生的事。如：
The discovery is to have a great effect on our life.
這個發現將對我們的生活產生重大影響。
③不定式作表語，且主語部分有all, what, only或是最高級形容詞修飾的名詞和實義動詞do時，作表語的不定式可省去to。如：
All you need to do now is have a good rest.
現在你所需要的是好好休息。
31. In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council is seeking
to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break.【句式翻譯】諾丁漢城市委員會設立了一個計劃，將一學年劃分為五學期，並將暑假的時間減少為四周半，這樣一來，五個學期均有八週的時間，每個學期之後都有兩週的休息時間。
【句式分析】本句是簡單句，Nottingham City Council作主語，is seeking作謂語，each followed by a two-week break是獨立主格結構，setting out…和to reduce…在句中賓語。
【詞語點撥】1) seek vt. & vi.尋找；探索；尋求；固定短語：seek for 尋找；尋求；seek after尋求
Richard sought to speak to her.
理查德尋找機會與她說話。
We sought an answer to the question, but couldn’t find one.
我們尋求這個問題的答案，可是沒能找到。
Most men seek for wealth; all men seek for happiness.
大多數人都追求財富; 但所有的人都希望獲得幸福。
One mustn’t only seek after comfort, personal fame and gains.
一個人不應當只貪圖安逸，追名逐利。
2）balance vt.平衡；權衡 balanced adj.平衡的，均衡的
We have to balance the good points against the bad and then make a decision.
我們必須權衡優劣，然後做出決定。
You must learn to keep your balance while skating.
在溜冰時你得學會保持平衡。
A balanced diet and regular exercise are both important for our health.
均衡的飲食和有規律的鍛鍊對我們的健康很重要。
【語法點撥】1）不定式to do作賓語：具體用法參見第27句。
2）doing作賓語：
①介詞後常接doing作賓語，如：
She left the room without saying a word. 她沒說什麼就離開了房間。
②有些動詞或短語後只能跟動名詞作賓語，這類詞有：finish, imagine, fancy, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can’t help（禁不住）, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep, resist, appreciate, put off＝delay, suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid, ban, prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate, recommend, stand, feel like, look forward to, prefer…to…等。如：
He admitted taking the watch.
他承認拿了手表。
Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him.
儘管她很喜歡他, 但她並不打算嫁給他。
③begin，start，like，prefer, hate後既可接to do也可接doing作賓語，意思差別不大，如：
He likes playing/to play basketball.
他喜歡打籃球。
④ stop，try，go on, remember, forget, mean, regret後面用doing或to do 不定式,意思不一樣。
stop doing停止做 stop to do停下來開始做
try doing試一試做 try to do盡力做，企圖做
go on doing繼續做（同一件事） go on to do繼續做（不同的事）
remember doing 記著做了 remember to do記著要做
forget doing忘記做了 forget to do忘記要做
mean doing意味著 mean to do打算做
regret doing後悔做了 regret to do遺憾要做
比較：
I forgot teaching the students the words.
我忘記了曾教過學生們這些詞。（已經教過）
I forgot to teach the students the words.
我忘了教學生們這些詞。（未教）
32. The computer burst into life and second later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”
【句式翻譯】電腦突然活躍起來，幾秒鐘後屏幕變成彩色，圖像開始不斷變換，然後屏幕中間出現兩個白色大字：“空間運輸車”。
【句式分析】本句是並列連詞and連接的複合句，shifting and changing在句中作伴隨狀語。
【詞語點撥】burst into…匆匆進入（某處）；突然開始（某事）；突然進入（某種狀態）
The door was suddenly pushed open and he burst into the house.
門忽然推開，他闖進了屋來。
Suddenly the leading car in the race burst into sight.
突然，比賽中的那輛領先的車出現了。
The plane burst into flames, killing two of the airmen on board.
飛機突然起火, 機上的兩名飛行員喪生。
【語法點撥】現在分詞作狀語，具體用法參見第26句。
33. People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship.
【句式翻譯】現在的人寧可同居，卻不願在結婚證上簽字，因為他們拒絕為這種關係負責。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，because在句中引導原因狀語從句，living together， putting their signatures 和to accept都作賓語。
【詞語點撥】prefer vt.更喜歡；寧願
Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer going/to go sightseeing.
有些人喜歡在海灘上躺著, 但我喜歡去遊覽.
表示“寧願……而不願……”，“喜歡……而不喜歡……”，其基本句型是：
① prefer…to…，主要用於比較兩個名詞或動名詞
I prefer the seaside to the mountains.
我喜歡海邊，不喜歡山區。
I prefer questioning my pupils to lecturing them.
我喜歡少講課，多提問我的學生。
② prefer…rather than…，主要用於比較兩個不定式（後面的不定式通常省略to，但前面的不定式必須帶to）
He prefers to read rather than watch television.
他喜歡讀書而不喜歡看電視。
【語法點撥】1）不定式to do作賓語，具體用法參見第27句。
2）doing作賓語，具體用法參見第31句。
34. In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.
【句式翻譯】除了鼓勵把閱讀當作所有的人的一種追求外，這個項目還允許陌生人在汽車上通過討論這本書來交流，同時宣傳把閱讀當作家庭和學校共享的一次體驗。
【句式分析】本句是簡單句，the program作主語，allows作謂語，strangers作賓語，to communicate…作賓補，encouraging …和discussing…都作介詞賓語。
【詞語點撥】 1)in addition to 除……之外，後接名詞或動名詞 in addition 此外；還有
In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 500 yuan per month.
除工資外，他每月還有五百元錢獎金。
We need money and time; in addition, we need opportunity.
我們需要金錢和時間，此外我還需要機遇。
2）as well as既……又；……和……。as well as連接名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應與前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致。如：
The child is lively as well as healthy.
這孩子既健康又活潑。
We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.
我們在粉刷牆壁同時也在修理屋頂。
The teacher as well as several students is doing experiments in the lab.
老師和幾個學生正在實驗室做實驗。
【語法點撥】1）doing作賓語，具體用法參見第31句。
2) 不定式to do做賓補的用法：
①常跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有advise, cause, expect, force, get, order, permit, tell, want, warn, wish, prefer, allow等。如：
The mother permits her son to play computer games twice a week.
這個母親允許兒子一週玩兩次電腦遊戲。
My teacher told me not to make the same mistake again.
老師告訴我不要再犯同樣的錯誤。
②感官動詞feel，listen to，hear，see，look at, watch，notice，observe後和使役動詞let，make，have後，跟動詞不定式作賓語補足語時，要省略不定式符號to。如：
I didn’t observe the man open the door and go out.
我沒看到那個人打開門出去了。
I saw Lucy hurry to the station just now.
剛才我看見露西匆忙去車站了。
He told us a joke, which made us laugh immediately.
他給我們講了一個笑話，讓我們立刻笑了。
③在被動語態中，動詞不定式在感官動詞後作主語補足語時，不定式符號to不省略。如：
The workers are made to work far into the night.
工人們被迫幹活到深夜。
35. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window.
【句式翻譯】注意到司機要很費力的透過覆蓋在擋風玻璃上的雪向外看，她不禁想為什麼不能有一個內置的設備來清除雪呢。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，that和why在句中引導賓語從句，Noticing , covering和wondering分別作狀語、定語和賓補。
【詞語點撥】notice ①vt.注意到；看到。常用於notice sb do sth; notice sb doing sth和notice sth done結構中。
I didn’t notice you wearing a new hat. =I didn’t notice you were wearing a new hat. 我沒有注意到你戴了一頂新帽子。
We noticed Jack leave the house an hour ago.
我們注意到傑克一小時前離開了這所房子。
No one but Miss Zhou noticed the flowers on the table changed.
除周小姐外，沒有人注意到桌子上的花被換過。
②n.注意；通知
The notice was set above the door, and I didn’t see it.
通知貼在門的上方，我沒看見。
He is too proud to take notice of others.
他很驕傲，不理睬別人。
【語法點撥】1）現在分詞doing作定語：在邏輯上與所修飾的名詞之間為主謂關係，也可改成定語從句。單個分詞作定語一般放在被修飾詞之前，分詞短語作定語一般放在被修飾詞之後。如：
The glow of the setting sun is splendid; it is a pity that dusk is fast approaching.
夕陽無限好，只是近黃昏。
He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.
他是一位最近幾年才發起來的商人。
2）分詞作賓補：
分詞一般只在兩類動詞後作賓補，感官動詞(feel，listen to，hear，see，look at, watch，notice，observe) 和使役動詞(have, make)。現在分詞作賓補表示正在進行的主動意義，過去分詞則表示已經完成的被動意義。如：
Through the window Jane saw children playing in the yard.
透過窗戶簡看見孩子們在院子裡玩。
Maria has had her wallet stolen on her way to school.
上學路上，瑪利亞的錢包被偷了。
36. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible.
【句式翻譯】在這個世界中生存並快樂的生活意味著能夠與其他人很好的相處, 能夠理解形勢並以最好的方式作出反應。
【句式分析】本句是簡單句，句子的主語是To get ahead…, means作謂語，getting on with…和being able to…是並列的賓語。
【詞語點撥】react v. 反應，做出反應
When the sun comes out, the flowers react by opening.
當太陽出來的時候，花以張開的形式作出反應。
Do children react to kind treatment by becoming more self-confident?
對孩子們和善是否會使他們更有信心?
【語法點撥】doing作賓語，具體用法參見第31句。
37. We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which Shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.
【句式翻譯】我們甚至對某些食物有不同的單詞，特別是肉類，取決於它是長在田野裡，還是在家裡準備被烹飪，這表明一個事實，即薩克森農民在農田幹活，而上層階級的諾曼人在大吃大喝。
【句式分析】本句是複合句, whether引導賓語從句，which引導非限制性定語從句，while引導並列句，表對比，depending on…作狀語。
【詞語點撥】1）in particular 尤其，特別
His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular.
他的發言是泛指一般情況，不是針對某一個人的。
2）depend on 依賴，依靠
All living things depend on the sun for their growth.
萬物靠太陽生長。
The plan can have different results depending on the weather.
根據天氣的不同這項計劃會有不同的結果。
【語法點撥】doing作狀語，具體用法參見第26句。
38. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime.
【句式翻譯】由於因特網的使用，計算所使用的紙張的數量是很難計算的，然而幾乎任何在辦公室工作的人能告訴你，當引進電子郵件後，打印機就開始超時工作。
【句式分析】本句是複合句，主句是It 作形式主語的句式，to measue…作真正的主語，although引導讓步狀語從句，從句中又包含who和that引導的定語從句和賓語從句，working overtime作賓語。
【詞語點撥】measure n. 尺寸；措施；手段 vt. & vi. 測量；有……長（寬、高等）：具體用法參見第24句
【語法點撥】1）動詞不定式to do作主語，具體用法參見第17句。
2）doing作賓語，具體用法參見第31句。
39. In the last three years, Indonesia has had a rough time, suffering several killer quakes and it is still recovering from the Asian tsunami caused by an offshore earthquake on December 26th, 2004.
【句式翻譯】在過去的三年裡，印尼飽受自然災害之苦，它遭受了幾次致命的大地震，至今仍然處於2004年12月26日發生的亞洲海嘯所造成的創傷的恢復期中，那次海嘯是由一次離岸地震所引起的。
【句式分析】本句是由並列連詞and連接的複合句，suffering…作狀語，caused by…作後置定語。
【詞語點撥】1)rough adj.艱難的；粗糙的
The book was printed on rough yellow paper.
這本書用粗糙的黃紙印刷。
They had a rough time，sailing on the Pacific Ocean.
他們航行在太平洋上，處境艱難。
2) recover v. 恢復
What magic drug have you taken to recover so quickly?
你吃什麼靈丹妙藥，好得這樣快?
It’s going to be some time before I recover my full strength.
還要一些時間我才能完全恢復體力。
【語法點撥】doing作狀語，具體用法參見第26句。
40. The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around creating a network of people working, playing and living together—a real community.
【句式翻譯】孩子們在院子裡一起玩耍，方圓好幾裡的四合院被連接起來，構成了人們一起工作、一起娛樂、一起起居的網絡和一個真正的社區。
【句式分析】本句是由並列連詞and連接的複合句，creating…作狀語。
【詞語點撥】join v. 連接；參加
You should never join an electric wire to a water pipe.
你千萬不可把電線連接在水管上。
All the family join me in wishing you a happy future.
所有的家人同我一道祝你未來幸福。
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