高分突破【中考英語 語法微課系列】（持續更新中）

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課標要求

1. 可數名詞及其單複數
2. 不可數名詞
3. 專有名詞
4. 名詞所有格

要點剖析

一、可數名詞及其單複數(★★★)

1.概念:一般來說,所表示的事物或人可以用數目來計算的名詞,稱為可數名詞。

2.可數名詞的複數形式的構成 (2018,2015年考)

3.個別名詞單數形式和複數形式是一樣的。

• 如: sheep, deer, fish, Chinese等。(2012年考)

4.以o結尾的名詞變為複數時,一般表示無生命含義的詞加“s”,表示有生命含義的詞加“es”,讀[z]。如:

• 無生命含義:photo→photos, piano→pianos
• 有生命含義:hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes

5.“某國人”變複數口訣:中日不變英法變,其餘s加後面。如:

• 中日不變:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese;
• 英法變:Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen;
• 其餘s加後面:American→Americans, German→Germans

6.集體名詞:表示由若干個體組成的集合體。如:family, class, team, group, army等。集體名詞作主語,如視為整體,謂語動詞用單數。如視為個體成員,謂語動詞用複數。如:

• Our team needs money to play in another city. 我們隊需要錢去另一個城市比賽。
• My family are very well. 我的家人都很好。

7.只能用複數形式的名詞:trousers, clothes, people, police, cattle。

8.由兩個名詞組成的複合名詞變複數時,常將最後一個名詞變複數。如:

• a girl student→two girl students
• an apple tree→five apple trees

但如果第一個名詞是man或woman時,兩個名詞都要變複數。如:

• a woman teacher→ten women teachers
• a man nurse→three men nurses

二、不可數名詞(★★☆)

1.概念:物質名詞和抽象名詞無法用數目來計算,稱為不可數名詞。不可數名詞通常無複數形式。

2.在沒有量詞的情況下,不可數名詞前不能用a,an這兩個不定冠詞。

3.某些名詞表示物質或抽象概念時是不可數的,而在表示個體概念時是可數的。

• 如:A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是由玻璃製成的。(句中的第一個glass表示“玻璃杯”,是個體名詞,是可數的。第二個glass意為“玻璃”,是物質名詞,是不可數的。)

4.不可數名詞的量

不可數名詞要表示“一件”“一個”等量的概念時,要用“數詞+表示數量的名詞+of+名詞”來表示。如:

• a piece of paper一張紙
• two pieces of paper 兩張紙

• a cup of tea 一杯茶 　
• five cups of tea 五杯茶

• a bottle of juice 一杯果汁
• four bottles of juice 四杯果汁

三、名詞所有格(★☆☆)

名詞與短文填空

名詞可用來表示人、物或地點等詞。名詞可以在句子中作主語、賓語、定語、表語和補語等成分。中考短文填空對名詞的考查主要集中在不可數名詞、可數名詞單複數的運用、名詞的搭配以及名詞詞性的轉換,每年考查1~2個名詞,因此要掌握好1500多個單詞、300多個短語以及常用的句型和固定搭配。

做該類題時,首先要通過對句子結構的分析,判斷空格處所填詞的詞性,然後再根據上下文判斷該詞的意思,若所填的單詞為名詞時,就要重點注意名詞的不同屬性。若所填名詞是不可數名詞或者單複數同形的可數名詞(如:Chinese, Japanese, fish, deer,sheep)時,不用變形。若所填名詞為可數名詞時,則按以下規則變化形式:

1.空格前有等於1的標記詞時（a, an, one, either, each, every, this, that等），後面的名詞要用單數形式。如:

• ①(2019廣東) From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy 　　　　
  .(固定搭配:live a…life“過著……的生活”)
• ②(2017廣東) For example, the two brothers have to go to the school 　　　　to borrow books for their scientific projects.(由borrow books可知要去學校的圖書館,且有定冠詞the;故填library)
• ③There are many flowers and trees on each 　　　　of the road. (馬路兩邊有許多花和樹木,each強調每一邊;故填side)

2.空格前有大於1的標記時，（two, some, any, alotof, anumberof, many, several, hundredsof, all, both, these, those, between, among, afew, few,one of +形容詞最高級+名詞等), 後面的名詞要用複數形式，即 teaches / students。如：

• ①(2019廣東)In the village, there were many paintings of 　　　　, such as cats and birds.(根據such as cats and birds可知是animal,根據many可知用複數形式;故填animals)
• ②(2017廣東)As the family have picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all 　　　　of activities together.(固定搭配:all kinds of)
• ③Hundreds of/A number of/A lot of/Many 　　　　have lunch at school.(句意:許多老師或學生在學校吃午飯;故填teacher/student的複數形式,即teachers/students)

3.空格前沒有標記詞時,從上下文尋找隱形標記詞來決定所填名詞的單複數形式。如:

• ①(2016廣東)He took off her shoes and put her 　　　　into the water.After that, he began to wash them carefully.(由wash可知是把腳放在水裡來洗,結合代詞them可知用foot的複數形式;故填feet)
• ②The guide 　　　　are very clever.They can help the blind do many things.(由 help the blind可知是導盲犬,結合謂語動詞are及指示代詞They可知用dog的複數形式;故填dogs)
• ③It’s cold outside.Go and help me fetch my 　　　　,please.It’s on the sofa.(此句是指外面很冷,“我”需要一件大衣,根據It’s可知用coat的單數形式)

在線練習

一、單項填空

(　　)1.(2018廣東)The three 　　　　upstairs are too small to have enough 　　　　for a double bed.

A.room; room

B.room; rooms

C.rooms; room

D.rooms; rooms

(　　)2.(2015廣東)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous 　　　　in American 　　　　.

A.symbol; culture　

B.symbol; cultures

C.symbols; culture　

D.symbols; cultures　

(　　)3.(2012廣東)The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many 　　　　there.

A.bird　

B.duck　

C.sheep　

D.rabbit

(　　)4.(2017廣東)Daniel has tried to lose 　　　　by eating less recently,but two kilos has been put on instead.

A.weight

B.weights

C.height

D.heights

(　　)5.(2016廣東)The broken 　　　　may cut into your hand if you touch it.You should be careful.

A.glass

B.glasses

C.candle

D.candles

(　　)6.(2013廣東)—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat 　　　　these days.Is it true?

—Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.

A.chicken

B.chickens

C.a chicken

D.the chicken　　　

(　　)7.(2014廣東)Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on 　　　　Day.

A.Woman

B.Women

C.Woman’s

D.Women’s

(　　)8.(2008廣東) 　　　　

A.Tim and Peter’s

B.Tim’s and Peter

C.Tim’s and Peter’s

D.Tim and Peter

二、短文填空

Parents with high expectations for their children are nothing new to Chinese kids.1._______ , people often don’t realize that children also have expectations for their parents.What expectations do Chinese children have for parent-child relationships? China Youth Children Research Center 2._______ a survey on this in the United States, Japan, South Korea and China.The survey 3._______ that 83.8 percent of Chinese children want to be with 4._______ parents, the greatest amount among the four countries.This means that they want a more equal relationship 5._______ their parents.Sophia Ren, is 6._______ American-born Chinese girl.Although her 7._______ live in California, they cannot avoid the influence of their Chinese background.“I feel like my foreign friends are closer to their parents.Girls tell their moms secrets, go shopping with them and they make each other 8._______ ,” Ren said.“In Chinese families, you usually don’t do things like that.”According to ChinaYouthDaily, traditional Chinese value 9._______ as respecting one’s elders is preventing parents from becoming friends with their children.Many Chinese parents criticize(批評)and push their 10._______ , as there are lots of competitions in school.It requires efforts from both parents and children to create a friendship in family.As children, what can you do to create a pleasant atmosphere (氛圍)at home and make friends with your parents?

答案

一、1~5　CCCAA 6~8 ADC

二、

1.However　

2.did/made　

3.found　

4.their　

5.with

6.an　

7.family　

8.happy　

9.such　

10.children

【相關鏈接】

英語| 高分突破【中考英語 語法微課系列】——名詞

英語| 高分突破【中考英語 語法微課系列】——常見的形容詞後綴

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