高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】（持续更新中）

相关链接见文章底部。

课标要求

1. 可数名词及其单复数
2. 不可数名词
3. 专有名词
4. 名词所有格

要点剖析

一、可数名词及其单复数(★★★)

1.概念:一般来说,所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名词,称为可数名词。

2.可数名词的复数形式的构成 (2018,2015年考)

3.个别名词单数形式和复数形式是一样的。

• 如: sheep, deer, fish, Chinese等。(2012年考)

4.以o结尾的名词变为复数时,一般表示无生命含义的词加“s”,表示有生命含义的词加“es”,读[z]。如:

• 无生命含义:photo→photos, piano→pianos
• 有生命含义:hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes

5.“某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。如:

• 中日不变:Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese;
• 英法变:Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen;
• 其余s加后面:American→Americans, German→Germans

6.集体名词:表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family, class, team, group, army等。集体名词作主语,如视为整体,谓语动词用单数。如视为个体成员,谓语动词用复数。如:

• Our team needs money to play in another city. 我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。
• My family are very well. 我的家人都很好。

7.只能用复数形式的名词:trousers, clothes, people, police, cattle。

8.由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时,常将最后一个名词变复数。如:

• a girl student→two girl students
• an apple tree→five apple trees

但如果第一个名词是man或woman时,两个名词都要变复数。如:

• a woman teacher→ten women teachers
• a man nurse→three men nurses

二、不可数名词(★★☆)

1.概念:物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。

2.在没有量词的情况下,不可数名词前不能用a,an这两个不定冠词。

3.某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的,而在表示个体概念时是可数的。

• 如:A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。(句中的第一个glass表示“玻璃杯”,是个体名词,是可数的。第二个glass意为“玻璃”,是物质名词,是不可数的。)

4.不可数名词的量

不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时,要用“数词+表示数量的名词+of+名词”来表示。如:

• a piece of paper一张纸
• two pieces of paper 两张纸

• a cup of tea 一杯茶 　
• five cups of tea 五杯茶

• a bottle of juice 一杯果汁
• four bottles of juice 四杯果汁

三、名词所有格(★☆☆)

名词与短文填空

名词可用来表示人、物或地点等词。名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、表语和补语等成分。中考短文填空对名词的考查主要集中在不可数名词、可数名词单复数的运用、名词的搭配以及名词词性的转换,每年考查1~2个名词,因此要掌握好1500多个单词、300多个短语以及常用的句型和固定搭配。

做该类题时,首先要通过对句子结构的分析,判断空格处所填词的词性,然后再根据上下文判断该词的意思,若所填的单词为名词时,就要重点注意名词的不同属性。若所填名词是不可数名词或者单复数同形的可数名词(如:Chinese, Japanese, fish, deer,sheep)时,不用变形。若所填名词为可数名词时,则按以下规则变化形式:

1.空格前有等于1的标记词时（a, an, one, either, each, every, this, that等），后面的名词要用单数形式。如:

• ①(2019广东) From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy 　　　　
  .(固定搭配:live a…life“过着……的生活”)
• ②(2017广东) For example, the two brothers have to go to the school 　　　　to borrow books for their scientific projects.(由borrow books可知要去学校的图书馆,且有定冠词the;故填library)
• ③There are many flowers and trees on each 　　　　of the road. (马路两边有许多花和树木,each强调每一边;故填side)

2.空格前有大于1的标记时，（two, some, any, alotof, anumberof, many, several, hundredsof, all, both, these, those, between, among, afew, few,one of +形容词最高级+名词等), 后面的名词要用复数形式，即 teaches / students。如：

• ①(2019广东)In the village, there were many paintings of 　　　　, such as cats and birds.(根据such as cats and birds可知是animal,根据many可知用复数形式;故填animals)
• ②(2017广东)As the family have picked up the new lifestyle, they find that they can spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all 　　　　of activities together.(固定搭配:all kinds of)
• ③Hundreds of/A number of/A lot of/Many 　　　　have lunch at school.(句意:许多老师或学生在学校吃午饭;故填teacher/student的复数形式,即teachers/students)

3.空格前没有标记词时,从上下文寻找隐形标记词来决定所填名词的单复数形式。如:

• ①(2016广东)He took off her shoes and put her 　　　　into the water.After that, he began to wash them carefully.(由wash可知是把脚放在水里来洗,结合代词them可知用foot的复数形式;故填feet)
• ②The guide 　　　　are very clever.They can help the blind do many things.(由 help the blind可知是导盲犬,结合谓语动词are及指示代词They可知用dog的复数形式;故填dogs)
• ③It’s cold outside.Go and help me fetch my 　　　　,please.It’s on the sofa.(此句是指外面很冷,“我”需要一件大衣,根据It’s可知用coat的单数形式)

在线练习

一、单项填空

(　　)1.(2018广东)The three 　　　　upstairs are too small to have enough 　　　　for a double bed.

A.room; room

B.room; rooms

C.rooms; room

D.rooms; rooms

(　　)2.(2015广东)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous 　　　　in American 　　　　.

A.symbol; culture　

B.symbol; cultures

C.symbols; culture　

D.symbols; cultures　

(　　)3.(2012广东)The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many 　　　　there.

A.bird　

B.duck　

C.sheep　

D.rabbit

(　　)4.(2017广东)Daniel has tried to lose 　　　　by eating less recently,but two kilos has been put on instead.

A.weight

B.weights

C.height

D.heights

(　　)5.(2016广东)The broken 　　　　may cut into your hand if you touch it.You should be careful.

A.glass

B.glasses

C.candle

D.candles

(　　)6.(2013广东)—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat 　　　　these days.Is it true?

—Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.

A.chicken

B.chickens

C.a chicken

D.the chicken　　　

(　　)7.(2014广东)Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on 　　　　Day.

A.Woman

B.Women

C.Woman’s

D.Women’s

(　　)8.(2008广东) 　　　　

A.Tim and Peter’s

B.Tim’s and Peter

C.Tim’s and Peter’s

D.Tim and Peter

二、短文填空

Parents with high expectations for their children are nothing new to Chinese kids.1._______ , people often don’t realize that children also have expectations for their parents.What expectations do Chinese children have for parent-child relationships? China Youth Children Research Center 2._______ a survey on this in the United States, Japan, South Korea and China.The survey 3._______ that 83.8 percent of Chinese children want to be with 4._______ parents, the greatest amount among the four countries.This means that they want a more equal relationship 5._______ their parents.Sophia Ren, is 6._______ American-born Chinese girl.Although her 7._______ live in California, they cannot avoid the influence of their Chinese background.“I feel like my foreign friends are closer to their parents.Girls tell their moms secrets, go shopping with them and they make each other 8._______ ,” Ren said.“In Chinese families, you usually don’t do things like that.”According to ChinaYouthDaily, traditional Chinese value 9._______ as respecting one’s elders is preventing parents from becoming friends with their children.Many Chinese parents criticize(批评)and push their 10._______ , as there are lots of competitions in school.It requires efforts from both parents and children to create a friendship in family.As children, what can you do to create a pleasant atmosphere (氛围)at home and make friends with your parents?

答案

一、1~5　CCCAA 6~8 ADC

二、

1.However　

2.did/made　

3.found　

4.their　

5.with

6.an　

7.family　

8.happy　

9.such　

10.children

【相关链接】

英语| 高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】——名词

英语| 高分突破【中考英语 语法微课系列】——常见的形容词后缀

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