2020年註定是非凡的一年，亦將載入人類史冊。
新冠肺炎疫情下對學生來說，尤其是高三學生，在2020高考倒計時還有97天，我們選擇這篇堅不可摧的演講鼓勵同學們在疫情下自律複習，不氣餒，不放棄，堅持拼搏迎接屬於你奮鬥的未來藍天。
Unbroken (堅不可摧)
You can’t connect the dots looking forward
註解：looking現在分詞作伴隨狀語，與主語you之間是主動關係
你無法把點滴與未來聯繫，
you can only connect them looking backwards
註解：looking現在分詞作原先狀語，其與主語you之間是主動關係
只能通過回顧才能看見。
So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future
註解：that後接that引導的賓語從句
所以你必須相信過去的點滴能串聯未來，
you have to trust in something: your guts, destiny,life,karma,whatever
你必須始終持有信念，不管那是你膽識、命運、人生、無論是什麼
註解：whatever在此讓步狀語從句，後面省略了it is
Because believing in the dots will connect down the road
註解：believing是動名詞做主語
因為唯有把過去點滴串聯起來，
will give you the confidence to follow your heart
你才能有信念忠於自我，
註解：to follow是動詞不定式作目的狀語
even when it leads you off the well worn path
註解：when引導的世間狀語從句
即使你的選擇和別人的不同，
and that will make all the difference
這會使你與眾不同。
Your time is limited,so don’t waste it living in someone else’s life
你的生命是有限的，所以不要浪費你的時間活在其他人的生活當中。
註解：living是動名詞作賓語，實際上是waste time (in) doing sth.,浪費時間做某事
Don’t be trapped by dogma,which is living with the result of others people’s thinking
不要被教條所約束，別活在別人對你的期望之中。
註解：which引導的定語從句，對先行詞dogma進一步解說
Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your inner voice
註解：drown是省略動詞不定式(to) drown,前面有使役動詞let，在主動句式下，let後接不定式作補語省略to。類似用法還有have和make，但是需要注意主動句還是被動語境。
別讓來自其他人的噪音抹去你自己內心的聲音；
You’ve got to find what you love
註解：what引導的賓語從句，作find的賓語。
and that is true for your work as it is for your lovers
包括你熱愛的事業和你的伴侶；
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life
你的事業將會佔據你生命的大部分時間；
and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work
註解：
1.to be satisfied是動詞不定式的被動作way的後置定語
2.what引導的從句作do的賓語。
3. you believe 是插入語。
唯有相信你所做的工作是對的，你才能發自內心的獲得滿足。
and the only way to do great work is to love what you do
註解：
1.to do是動詞不定式作way的後置定語。
2.what引導的從句作love的賓語。
而唯有熱愛你所做的事，方才能成就不凡，
If you haven’t found it yet,keep looking and don't settle
註解：
if引導的條件狀語從句，主句中省略主語（you）keep...
如若你還沒有找到，繼續尋找；
Have the courage to follow your heart and intuition
註解：
to follow動詞不定式作courage的後置定語
別追求安逸，要有勇氣順從自己的心和直覺。
They somehow already know what you truly want to become
註解：
what引導的從句作know的賓語，是賓語從句
你的內心早就知道你未來的夢想，
you gonna have some ups and you gonna have some downs
你的旅途不可能一路順遂，必然有起有落
Most people give up on themselves easily
大多數人都輕易放棄
You know the human spirits is powerful?
註解：
know後省略（that）引導的的賓語從句
但你知道人的意志有多強大麼？
There’s nothing powerful,it’s hard to kill the human spirit
註解：
1.powerful為形容詞修飾不定代詞，後置
2.to kill為動詞不定式，由it作形式主語，代替不定式引導的主系表結構
人的意志是無可比擬的堅韌而不屈的！
Anybody can feel good when they have their health,their bills are paid,and have happy relationships
註解：
when引導的的時間狀語從句
任何人在財務、感情、生活、健康良好的環境中 都能感到幸福
Anybody can be positive then
任何人都可以自得其滿
Anybody can have a larger vision then
任何人都能有宏大的理想
Anybody can have faith under those kinds of circumstances
任何人在任何的環境下都能有信念
The real challenge of growth mentally,emotionally and spiritually comes when you get knocked down
註解：
when引導的的時間狀語從句
你所面臨的真正挑戰， 真正考驗你的信念、信仰和意志的時候，是當你被擊倒的時候
It takes courage to act
起身而行需要勇氣
註解：
1.to act為動詞不定式，由it作形式主語，代替不定式引導的主謂賓結構
Part of being hungry when you have been defeated
被擊倒仍能保持謙虛
it takes courage to start over again
註解：
to start為動詞不定式，由it作形式主語，代替不定式引導的主謂賓結構
需要有勇氣去放下並重新開始
Fear kills dreams
恐懼，扼殺夢想
Fear kills hope
恐懼，扼殺希望
Fear put people in the hospital
恐懼，使人一蹶不振
fear can age you
恐懼使你衰老
can hold you back from doing something that you know within yourself that you are capable of doing
註解：
1.doing為動名詞作介詞from的賓語
2.第一個that引導的定語從句修飾先行詞something
3.第二個that引導的賓語從句作know的賓語
but it will paralyse you
它也會使你麻木不仁
At the end of your feelings is nothing
你的情緒跌宕起伏，卻仍然一事無成
but at the end of every principle is a promise
但是在每個原則背後，是自我的承諾
Behind your little feelings,it might not be absolutely nothing at the end of your little feelings
你的喜怒哀樂，最後也許什麼都沒有
but behind every principle is a promise
但是每當你下定決心，它是一種承諾
and some of you in your life
你們有些人，至今碌碌無為
the reason why you are not at your goal right now, cause you just all about your feelings
註解：
1.why引導的定語從句修飾先行詞reason，相當於for which
2. cause 是because的省略結構，引導的時間狀語從句
為什麼你現在不在你的目標，因為你只關心你的感覺
all of your feelings,you don’t feel like waking up,so who does
你所有的情緒，像是早上心情不好，不願起床，誰願意呢？
註解：
1.walking是動名詞作feel like的賓語，類似enjoy/consider doing
Everyday,you say no to your dreams
每天你不願去面對你的夢想
you might be pushing your dreams back a whole six months,a whole year
你也許會把目標延後整整六個月，或是一年！
That one single day,that one day you didn’t get up could have pushed your steps back,i don’t know how long
註解：
1.how long作know的賓語，後面省略主語和謂語
就是那沒有起身鞭策自己的那一瞬間
你不知後退了多少
Don’t allow your emotions to control you
註解：
1. to control 為動詞不定式作補語，實際上是allow sb./sth/ to do
別讓你的情感控制你！
We are emotional,but what you want to begin to discipline your emotion
註解：
1.what作know的賓語，後面省略主語和謂語
我們是情感的動物，但是你想要管理你的情感
If you don’t discipline and control your emotions,they will use you
你若無法控制它， 你便將被它吞噬
註解：
1.if引導的條件狀語從句
You want it,and you’re going to go all out to have it
註解：
1.go all out to do 結構作 go to do結構的賓語，其表達全力以赴做某事
你想要全力以赴，毫不保留
It’s not going to be easy, when you want to change
it’s not easy, if it were in fact easy, everybody would do it
註解：
1.when引導的時間狀語從句
2.if引導的虛擬語氣 ，其用it were easy表示，表達一種假設
當你嘗試改變的時候，不會很容易，
如果很容易的話，那人人皆可做到！
but if you’re serious,you’ll go all out
註解：
1.if引導的條件狀語從句
但如果你想認真對待，就全力以赴
I’m in control here
I’m not gonna let this get me down.I’m not gonna let this destroy me
註解：
1.這裡兩個gonna相當於going to
2.get和destroy後接的都是省略動詞不定式to符號，作補語
我才是自己的主宰者，我絕不會讓外界事物打擊我，摧毀我
I’m coming back
我將重新站起來
and I’ll be stronger and better because of it
註解：
1. stronger and better用並列形容詞比較級，表達主語的情緒
我將會變得更好、更加堅強
You have got to make a declaration
你必須要下定決心，
that this is what you stand for
註解：
1. what引導的從句作表語，是表語從句
這是你的意義
You’re standing up for your dreams.
You’re standing up for peace of mind.
You’re standing up for health
如果這是你想要的夢想，
不論那是健康、或是功成名就
take full responsibilities for your life
要對你的人生負完全的責任
accept where you are and the responsibilities that you’re going to take yourselves to where you want to go
註解：
1. where引導的從句作accept的賓語，是賓語從句
2. where引導的從句作介詞to的賓語，是賓語從句
接受現在的自己，並把堅信自己能做得更好當作一種責任
You can decide that I’m going to live each day as if it were my last
註解：
1. that引導的從句作decide的賓語，是賓語從句
2. as if導的虛擬語氣，其it were 結構是虛擬假設
你可以選擇把每一天都當作最後一天來過！
Then live your life with passion
with some drive
活出你的激情！拿出你的魄力！
Decide that you’re going to push yourself
註解：
1. that引導的從句作decide的賓語，是賓語從句
不斷鞭策自己做得更好！
The last chapter to your life has not been written yet
人生的最後一章還未寫下，
and it doesn’t matter about what happened to you yesterday
註解：
1. what引導的從句作介詞about的賓語，是賓語從句
昨日的種種事情並不重要。
it doesn’t matter about what happened to you
註解：
1. what引導的從句作介詞about的賓語，是賓語從句
你發生了什麼也沒關係
What matters is what are you going to do about it.
註解：
1.what引導的從句作介詞about的賓語，是賓語從句
2.第一個what引導是主語從句
3.第二個what引導是表語從句
重要的是，你接下來打算怎麼做？
This year I will make this goal become a reality
今年我要使夢想成為現實
I won’t talk about it anymore.
我已不想再多談論什麼了
I can,I can,I can!!!
我能行，我能行，我能行！
To persevere I think is important for everybody
註解：
1.to persevere為動詞不定式做主語
2. I think作插入語
我覺得堅持對每個人都很重要，
don’t give up, don’t give in
不要放棄，不要妥協，
there’s always an answer to everything
人生的每件事總會有解答的
反思：
詞彙和語法的學習需要結合語境，通過語境理解語法的死結構和語境的活應用，做到牢記死結構，語境活應用。
尤其像本演講中：
1.本演講中反覆運用非謂語動詞的不定式、動名詞、分詞形式，這樣使用能使短時間的演講更加生動形象。
2.本演講中反覆運用名詞從句、定語從句和狀語從句，利用三大從句結構能使演講的結構更加清晰。
3.非謂語動詞的不定式、動名詞、分詞和名詞從句、定語從句和狀語從句的三大從句作為每年高考英語的必考的核心考點，因此需要對其進行牢固掌握。限於篇幅，今天講義中我們重點講解從句中我what使用。
What的用法
what在英語中是個很常用的詞。我們知道它能用作疑問詞，引導特殊疑問句，在句中做主語﹑表語或賓語；又能用作連接代詞（或複合關係代詞），引導主語從句﹑表語從句或賓語從句；還能用作疑問形容詞，只作定語並可表示感嘆。
高考中what用法歸納
(1) 用作疑問詞，引導特殊疑問句，在句中做主語﹑表語或賓語；
(2) 用作連接代詞（或複合關係代詞），引導主語從句﹑表語從句或賓語從句；(3) 用作疑問形容詞，只作定語並可表示感嘆。
現就what考點用法歸納如下：
1. what = just as，意為“恰像，猶如，好比”用作連詞，引導比較狀語從句。
⑴ 慣用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”例如：
① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空氣對於我們猶如水對於魚。（介詞to 表示兩者的關係）
⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。例如：
② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint.
廚師離不了家禽正如畫家離不開畫布一樣。（介詞for表示“供…使用”）
⑶ what 引導的從句也可以放在句首，其句式是：
What C is to D，that A is to B.（= A is to B what C is to D.）
在這一結構中，喻體在前，主體在後，相當於“just as…，so…”結構，意思也是“A對B而言正如C對D一樣”例如：
What blood vessel is to a man’s body，that railway is to transportation.（=Just as blood vessel is to a man’s body ，so Railway is to transportation.）
鐵路對於運輸，好比血管對於人體一樣。
2. what 與do with連用，意為“（怎樣）處理﹑安排或對付等”。
what常有較靈活的翻譯，常用結構是：
“what …do with sth./sb.？”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如：
① What will you do with the letter？ 你將把那封信怎樣處理？
② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.
孩子們不知道雨天干什麼好。
注意：do with 與deal with同義，但搭配不同：do with只能與what搭配，而deal with可與不同的疑問詞搭配。比較：
③ How will you deal with the letter？你將那封信怎樣處理？
④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.
如果你試著倒立著或僅以躺著的姿勢去喝水，就能大致體會得到宇航員必須應付什麼了。
3. 問價格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面積﹑門牌（汽車﹑電話等）號碼等時，只能用what提問，不能用how much提問。例如：
① What is the cost（price）of the gold watch？這塊金錶多少錢？
② What is the speed of the car？車速是多少？
③ What is the length（width﹑depth）of the lake？這湖有多長（寬、深）？
④ What is the population（area）of China？中國的人口（面積）有多少（大）？
⑤ What money（cash） have you got？ 你有多少錢（現金）？
⑥ What is your telephone （car、room）number？ 你的電話（汽車﹑房間）號碼是多少？
4.“What is …like？”的兩種含義。
⑴ 表示“情況怎樣”，多指天氣或氣候。例如：
① What is the weather like today？今天天氣怎樣？
② What is the climate like there？那裡的氣候怎樣？
⑵ 表示“像什麼樣，什麼模樣，怎樣的” 指人或事物。例如：
③ What is the camel like ？駱駝是什麼樣子的？
④ — What is your teacher like？— She is very kind and beautiful.
“你老師是怎樣一個人？”——“她既善良又美麗。”
⑤ What will life be like in the future ？未來的生活是什麼樣子呢？
注意：“What is…like？”通常用於對某人、某地和某物的實際情況提問，包括對其內在的品質或外在的特徵（或持久的特徵）提問。而“How is … like？”是就某人、某地和某物的外觀詢問對方的看法，可以用來詢問變化的事物，如暫時的情況，情緒等，還常用來問候別人的健康。如：
⑥ How is your work these days？ 近來你的工作情況如何？
⑦ How is he？ 他近況如何？ （他身體近來怎麼樣？）
比較：What does she look like？她是什麼模樣？（What… look like？只能指外表）
5.“What do you think of…？”用於詢問對方對……的看法或評價。例如：
① What do you think of the idea？你認為這個主意怎樣？
② What did you think of that film？你對那場電影評價如何？
注意：“ What do you think of…？”是慣用搭配，不能改為“How do you think of…？”。但我們可以說：How do you feel about the idea（that film）？或者How do you like the idea（that film）？
6.what 用作複合關係代詞時，既可指代人又可指代物。例如：
① China is no longer what it used to be？中國已不是過去的中國
② She is what you call a “bluestocking”。她就是你說的“女才子”。
③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。
7. what從句可用作賓語補足語或狀語。例如：
① We will make the factory twice what it is today.
我們將使工廠比現在規模增加一倍。（句中的twice what it is today是動詞make的賓語the factory的補足語）
② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.
地心吸引力使人稱得現有的重量（句中的第一個what到句末為表語從句；句末的what you weigh 是說明前面的動詞weigh，系回答how much 的問題，作狀語）
8.像how和why一樣，what可以用作名詞。例如：
①Please explain to us how and why，since you know what.
既然你想出一個好辦法，請給我們解釋清楚解決這個問題的方法和理由。
②By asking why，how and what if，curious minds find new ideas and solutions.
通過刨根問底，提出假設，富有求知慾的天才人物想出了新主意，找出瞭解決問題的新辦法。
9.與what連用的常用句型和詞組
⑴ What if…？What will or would happen if…？如果（假如）…將會怎麼樣？例如：
① What if it is true？如果這是真的又怎麼樣？
② What if a storm should come up？萬一發生暴風雨怎麼辦？
⑵ what with：because of ；as a result of；因為；由於……的結果；例如：
③ What with overwork and （what with）so little sleep，she fell ill.
一半由於工作過度的勞累，一半由於睡眠不足，她病倒了。
④ She has been depressed，what with losing her job and having to move.
她由於丟了工作還要搬家而感到沮喪。
⑶ and what not ：and so on ；etc；以及各種其它東西；諸如此類；等等；例如：
⑤ I bought sugar，tea，eggs，and what not. 我買了食糖、茶葉、雞蛋之類的東西。
⑷ come what will（may）是固定搭配必須倒裝，意為“不管發生什麼事”“不管怎樣”
⑥ Come what will （may），I will always stand by you.
強化練習一
1. The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
2. It is pretty well understood ____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.
A． that B. when
C. what D. how
3. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game ?
---Oh, that’s_____.
A. what makes me feel excited
B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it
D. when I feel excited
4. _____ made the school proud was______ more than 90％ of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What ; that
C. That ; what D. That ; because
5. Perseverance is a kind of quality --- and that’s ____ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that
C. which D. why
6. ---I think it’s going to be a big problem.
---Yes, it could be.
---I wonder _____ we can do about it.
A. If B. how
C. what D. that
7. When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _____ he wants.
A. what B. which
C. when D. that
8. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after
C. what D. when
9. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______ he had done the day before. （2001上海春季）
A. that B. how
C. where D. what
10. ____ she couldn’t understand was_____ fewer and fewer stu
dents showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; what
C. What; because D. Why; that
強化練習二
What用法強化練習，為了突出考查what用法，下面填空中可以使用that，注意區分what和that。
1. ______ he wants is a book.
2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious.
3.The result is ______ we won the game.
4.This is _____ we want to know.
5.Is _____ he told us true ?
6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying.
7. I have no doubt _____ he will come.
8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon.
9. _____ has made China _____ it is now?
10. _____we can’t get seems better than___ we have .
11.A computer can only do_____ you instructed it to do .
12.He became so angry___ he couldn't speak .
13.There is the city____ we visited last year .
14._____ the price of cars will go down is true.
15. ______he did surprised us .
16.______ you have done might do harm to other people.
17.______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
18.______ you don't like him is none of my business.
19.The fact ____ he is a model teacher is well-known.
20.They expressed the hope____ they would come over to China again.
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