to的用法繁多灵活,记忆零散老丢分?这篇总结终结单选完形丢分

to是一个我们刚刚开始学英语就不断接触的小词,几乎到处都可以看见它的身影,大家也在平时说英语的时候张口就会用到它,大家对它的重视也不多。

但实际上,to的用法灵活多变,是四六级单选和完形出题的重点,如果有同学统计过考点出现的频次就知道了。同时,to的考题错误率也非常高,是因为大家对to的用法学习一直比较零散。今天我们总结归纳出to的用法和含义,大家加深理解后就不会再丢分了。

to的用法繁多灵活,记忆零散老丢分?这篇总结终结单选完形丢分

to的用法


一 表示相对,针对

例如:be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable)to

Air is indispensable to life. 空气对生命来说是不可或缺的。

Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.对于辐射引起的干扰,飞机非常脆弱。

This injection will make you immune to infection. 这次打针可以让你对传染病免疫。

二 表示对比,比较

1.以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,例如:superiorinferiorpriorsenior,junior

The quarrel happened prior to my arrival. 这争吵发生在我到之前。

2.一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词

,例如:equal,similar,equivalentanalogous

A is similar to B in many ways. A在很多方面和B很相似。

3.表示一些先后顺序的形容词,例如:second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory

Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown. 战争之后,他们回到了家乡。

4.to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,例如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to

注意:compare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较。

World is usually compared to a stage.世界常常被比作一个舞台。

Compared with his past, he has changed a lot. 和过去相比,他改变了很多。

Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than。

The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender. 顽强的战士宁愿牺牲也不投降。

Many people prefer spending money to earning money. 很多人相对于挣钱来说,更喜欢花钱。

They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives. 她们宁愿追求事业,而不是在家做家庭主妇。

5.to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,例如:alternative

Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner. 去水下音乐会是去吃饭之外一个很棒的选择。

三 表示修饰关系

1.表示回复,反应意思的词,例如:answer to question,

solution to problem,response to inquiry, reaction to proposal, reply to letter

2.表示建筑构件的词汇,例如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path

the approach to a bridge 引桥

the approach to science 通往科学之路

Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service. 估计有半数的人口没有得到接受健康服务的渠道。

The access to education 接受教育的机会

The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利

3.表示人物职位和官衔的词,例如:assistant to manager 经理助理, ambassador to Spain 西班牙大使, successor to tradition 传统继承人, heir to throne 王位继承人, advisor to the Prime Minister 首相顾问

4. 表示权利和许可的词汇,例如:right,admission

The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom. 雇员最终得到了董事会的录用。

Everyone has an equal right to ………… 每个人都有….的平等权利。

5.表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,例如:bars to development 发展的障碍,the barrier to progress 进步的障碍

6.表示与书籍,文本相关的词,例如:introduction to passage 本章介绍

7.表示恭喜或是祝贺

例如:

The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests. 总监为客人的健康献上祝酒词。

Let's drink to Dick's success in business. 让我们为迪克的工作成功干杯。

8 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义,例如:key to door 门的要是,invitation to party 派对邀请, guide to action 行动指南

四 to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义

例如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste

(一)表示相关联,相连接,例如:be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to

Investigate all the facts related to the problem.调查所有和问题相关的事实。

People often linked walth to happiness.人们常常把财富和快乐联系起来。

(二)表示反对和赞同

1.to引导的表示反对,抗拒,对抗意义的词组,例如:be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to

These buildings are resistant to earthquake. 这些建筑都是抗震的。

They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans. 他们反对计划中出现的任何变化。

2.to引导的表示同意,赞同意义的词组,例如:consent to,subscribe to,

The employer consented to give him a salary raise. 雇主同意给他加工资。

3.表示调整,使符合,使适应的含义,例如:adapt to,adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit to,correspond to,cater to

She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living. 她尝试适应朴素的生活。

Your action should conform to the interests of the people. 你的行动应该和人们的利益一致。

They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers. 他们提供各种各样的食物满足顾客的需求(符合客人需求)。

His words do not fit to his actions. 他言行不一。

Suit your writing style to the masses. 让你的写作风格满足大多数人(符合多数人口味)。

4.表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,例如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in to,confess to,admit to

The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。

Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake. 很多沿海国家总是会发生地震。

He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet. 他承认抢劫了这个女性的钱包。

We're not the kind of people to yield to any military threat. 我们不是那种会屈服武力威胁的人。

五 表示趋势或倾向

例如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to

He's liable to seasickness. 他容易晕船。

You are liable to come to wrong conclusion. 你容易得出错误的结论。

六 表示对事情的坚持与执着

例如:sick to,hold on,adhere to,cling to

He still holds on to his original views. 他仍然坚持他最初的观点。

七 表示约束,局限

例如:limit to,confine to,resrict to

He's confined to the house by illness. 他被生病困在家里。

八 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性

例如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to

Finally,the students got used to my teaching method. 最终,学生们喜欢了我的教学方法。

九 表示起因和原由

例如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to

The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog. 这架航班因为大雾取消了。

The famous artist attributed his success to his wife. 这位著名的艺术家把他的成功归功于他的妻子。

十 表示目的或结果

例如:aim to,lead to,give rise to

I aim to be an excellent college teacher. 我立志成为出色的大学教师。

His conceit lead to his failure. 他自命不凡导致了失败。

These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises. 这些恶劣的条件引起了很多危机。

十一 表示命运,注定

例如:be doomed to,be destined to,

All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail. 两个超级大国的军事冒险注定失败。

十二 表示数量上的积累或增加

例如:in addition to,add to,amount to

The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons. 钢铁年产量总计1200吨。

十三 表示全身心投入的含义

例如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to

He is determined to devote all his life to his career. 他下定决心要为事业奉献一生。

十四 表示展望或是回顾

例如:look forward to反date back to

The church dates back to the 13th century. 这座教堂可以追溯到13世纪。

十五 表示方位概念

例如:close to,next to

I don't like wool next to my skin. 我不喜欢羊毛面料接触我的皮肤。

十六 表示依靠或借助

例如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,

He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute. 他常常借助武力解决领土纷争。

十七 表示有关注,关于

例如:as to,with regard to

Here she examines Bacon's personification of the figure of Nature, specifically with regard to gender. Here she examines Bacon’s personification of the figure of Nature, specifically with regard to gender roles. 在这里,她研究了培根对自然形象的人格化的,特别是关于性别角色。

十八 表示关注或重视

例如:pay attention to,attach to。

We should attach primary importance to job training. 我们应该重视职业培训。

十九 表示依据或是根据

例如:according to,in proportion to

According to today's newspaper,the match will be postponed. 根据今天的报纸,比赛将会推迟。

二十 表示应该或必须含义的句式

例如:

It's time to get up. 到起床的时间了。

We are supposed to get here at seven. 我们应该七点到那里。

It's up to this country to ban nuclear weapons. 现在该这个国家禁止核武器了。

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