在中國陶瓷史上，明嘉靖、萬曆五彩無疑是濃墨重彩的一筆，釉下青花與釉上多種彩結合，色彩濃豔，配以滿密花紋，相得益彰。雖然清康熙五彩顏色更為紛繁華麗，工藝更為精湛，但在近幾年拍場上，五彩成交價TOP10中，明嘉靖、萬曆時期五彩器卻佔據前6名，康熙時期的五彩器排在後兩名，這或許是因為一項新的藝術形式在技術繁盛的過程中，其早期更具最鮮活力、創造力，所以明嘉靖萬曆時期的五彩才顯得彌足珍貴。
In the history of Chinese ceramics, the five colors of Jiajing and Wanli in the Ming Dynasty are undoubtedly one of the most important colors. The combination of underglaze blue and white and overglaze colors, with rich colors and dense patterns, complement each other. Although the color of the five colors in Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty is more colorful and exquisite, in recent years, among the top 10 prices of the five colors, the five colors in Jiajing and Wanli of the Ming Dynasty occupy the top six, and the five colors in Kangxi period rank the bottom two. This may be because a new artistic form in the process of technological prosperity has the most fresh vitality and creativity in its early stage, so Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty occupies the top six The five colors in the calendar period are precious.
明代彩瓷是我國陶瓷史上光輝燦爛的一頁，既有釉下彩繪，如青花；也有純粹釉上彩，如五彩、素三彩；又有釉上與釉下相結合的品種，像鬥彩、五彩。明神宗朱翊鈞，是明朝第11任皇帝，在位48年，年號萬曆，是明朝統治時間最長的帝王，也是典型的荒淫怠惰的君主。由於平定北方虜患的侵擾，東南倭寇的入侵，西南部播州的叛亂，加上自正德朝開始，宮廷大肆揮霍，皇帝昏庸無能，到萬曆朝情況也沒有發生太大的改變，至此明朝開始出現了頹敗之勢。萬曆皇帝有一個不擇手段親自斂聚錢財的惡習，提倡官吏向他進奉，把進奉財物的多少作為衡量官吏是否效忠皇上的標準，這使得貪官汙吏對老百姓的壓榨愈甚。加之連年的天災，地震、乾旱、水澇，民生困苦。此時景德鎮瓷器生產低落，日漸衰敗。萬曆朝瓷器風格與嘉靖、隆慶朝瓷器大致相同，給人感覺古樸凝重。瓷器上多見道教色彩的紋飾，如八卦、雲鶴、鹿鶴、三星等；該朝的五彩瓷器色調以紅綠取勝，風格古樸豔麗，為我國五彩瓷發展的最/高峰。
Ming Dynasty color porcelain is a brilliant page in the history of China's ceramics. There are not only underglaze color painting, such as blue and white, but also pure overglaze color, such as five colors and three colors. There are also varieties of overglaze and underglaze combination, such as fighting colors and five colors. Zhu Yijun, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was the 11th emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He reigned for 48 years, with the age of Wanli. He was the longest emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and also a typical slothful monarch. Due to the invasion of the northern invaders, the invasion of the Japanese invaders in the southeast, the rebellion of Bozhou in the southwest, and the extravagance of the court since the Zhengde Dynasty, the incompetence of the emperor, the situation of Wanli dynasty did not change much, so the Ming Dynasty began to decline. Emperor Wanli had a bad habit of collecting money by any means. He advocated that officials should pay tribute to him and take the amount of money as the standard to measure whether officials were loyal to the emperor, which made corrupt officials squeeze the common people even more. In addition, years of natural disasters, earthquakes, droughts, floods, people's livelihood. At this time, Jingdezhen porcelain production is declining and declining. The porcelain style of Wanli Dynasty is roughly the same as that of Jiajing and Longqing dynasties, which makes people feel simple and dignified. There are many patterns of Taoist colors on porcelain, such as Bagua, Yunhe, Luhe, Sanxing, etc.; the color of colorful porcelain in this dynasty is red and green, and the style is simple and gorgeous, which is the peak of the development of colorful porcelain in China.
萬曆時期，青花五彩瓷燒造盛行。五彩器多以紅、綠、黃三色為主，以紫、赭色為輔，以釉下青花代替藍彩，色彩豔麗，圖案花紋佈滿器身，紋飾繁茂，畫筆靈活隨意，色彩以濃紅豔綠取勝。其造型豐富，有瓶、觚、罐、壺、葫蘆瓶、壁瓶、魚缸、缽、酒器、蓋盒、插屏、香爐、繡墩、燈臺、棋盤、棋罐、花盆、臉盆、碗、盤、碟、杯以及筆架、印盒、硯臺、筆管、硯滴、筆洗、筆盒等文具。“五彩”即多彩之意，在“宋紅綠彩”的基礎上發展而來，是明嘉靖、萬曆時期瓷器生產中最為著名品種，堪與永宣青花和成化鬥彩比肩。
In Wanli period, blue and white porcelain was popular. Most of the multicolored vessels are red, green and yellow, supplemented by purple and ochre, and blue color is replaced by underglaze blue and white. The colors are gorgeous, the patterns are full of the body, the tattoos are luxuriant, the brushes are flexible and free, and the colors are strong red and green. Its shape is rich, including bottle, Gu, pot, pot, gourd bottle, wall bottle, fishbowl, bowl, wine vessel, lid box, insert screen, censer, embroidered pier, lampstand, chessboard, chess can, flowerpot, washbasin, bowl, plate, dish, cup, pen holder, printing box, inkstone table, pen tube, inkstone drop, pen wash, pen box and other stationery. "Five colors" means colorful. Based on "red and green colors in Song Dynasty", it is the most famous porcelain variety in Jiajing and Wanli period of Ming Dynasty. It can be compared with Yongxuan blue and white and Chenghua fighting colors.
萬曆五彩素負盛名，色調以紅綠取勝，整體給人感覺古樸豔麗，它為我國彩瓷發展打下了堅實的基礎。於白釉地上直接繪以五彩，其中紅彩豔麗如棗皮紅色，有時以黃彩襯托，使紅黃色重疊，呈現凝厚的橙紅色調；黃彩似同蜜蠟；綠彩為大綠；藍色則以青花代替，色調藍中泛紫；由於當時燒造紅釉器原料缺少和技術退步等原因，多用礬紅彩的特點是多數顏色較深而亮，顏色似棗皮的紅色，可見用筆塗抹的痕跡；除青花、五彩、礬紅彩外，嘉靖時期燒造的品種還有，白釉、黃釉、藍釉、鬥彩、三彩、金彩、孔雀藍釉、白釉綠彩、白釉黃彩、黃釉綠彩、黃釉紅彩、紅釉綠彩、黃釉青花、青花紅彩、藍釉白花等，品種十分豐富。
Wanli colorful element is famous for its red and green hues, which makes people feel ancient and gorgeous. It has laid a solid foundation for the development of China's colored porcelain. Five colors are directly painted on the ground of white glaze, among which red color is as bright as jujube skin red, sometimes set off by yellow color, so that red and yellow overlap, showing thick orange red color; yellow color is like honey wax; green color is big green; blue color is replaced by blue and white, and the color is purple in blue; due to the lack of raw materials for firing red glaze at that time and the backward technology, the characteristic of using alum red color is that most colors are darker The color is bright, like the red of jujube skin, which shows the traces of painting with a pen. In addition to blue and white glaze, five colors and alum red color, there are also varieties made in Jiajing period, such as white glaze, yellow glaze, blue glaze, fighting color, three colors, gold color, peacock blue glaze, white glaze green color, white glaze yellow color, yellow glaze green color, yellow glaze red color, red glaze green color, yellow glaze blue and white color, which are very rich in varieties.
萬曆五彩瓷器紋飾多樣，繪畫多是正面花卉，畫面無陰陽、反側、凹凸之分。人物面部多用青花勾畫輪廓線，其他輪廓線多用紅、黑、赭或青花勾畫。用筆老練剛勁，構圖飽滿，紋飾之間相互呼應，充滿動感。常見紋飾包括龍鳳、瑞獸、人物、八寶、八仙、舞獅、鸞鳳、飛龍、三星、魚藻、團龍、團鳳、靈芝、樓臺、石榴、蟲草、經文、樓臺、百壽、八卦、雲雀和山水人物、仙人渡海、仙鶴鳳凰、龍鳳穿花、八方進寶、八仙過海、折枝花卉、歲寒三友、五鬼鬧判等主題紋飾。萬曆時期青花五彩器的製作達到高峰，燒造數量之多、質量之高，堪稱空前絕後。
Wanli colorful porcelain is decorated with various patterns. Most of the paintings are positive flowers. There is no difference between yin and Yang, opposite, concave and convex. The figure's face is usually outlined with blue and white, while other outlines are mostly outlined with red, black, ochre or blue and white. The pen is sophisticated and vigorous, the composition is full, and the decorative patterns echo each other and are full of movement. Common patterns include dragon and Phoenix, auspicious beast, figure, eight treasures, eight immortals, lion dance, Phoenix Phoenix, flying dragon, three stars, fish and algae, tuanlong, tuanlong, Ganoderma lucidum, loutai, pomegranate, Cordyceps, Scripture, loutai, Baishou, Bagua, Skylark and landscape figure, immortal crossing the sea, crane and Phoenix, dragon and Phoenix crossing the flower, Bafang Jinbao, Baxian crossing the sea, origami flower, three friends in winter, Five ghosts and mischief Ornamentation.During the Wanli period, the production of blue and white multicolored wares reached a peak, with a large number of firing and high quality, which is unprecedented.
專家推薦：此五彩折沿“喜上眉梢”筆洗，花口折沿，弧壁深腹，圈足，外壁署“大明萬曆年制”六字款，該筆洗主紋飾喜鵲登梅具有鮮明的萬曆特徵，此器含牡丹，喜鵲，牡丹被人視為繁榮昌盛，美好幸福的象徵，喜上眉梢寓意吉祥、喜慶、好運，喜鵲生動形象，造型別致，工藝講究，釉色瑩潤，包漿自然沁入胎骨，彰顯古樸，保持完好，整幅畫面構圖考究，工筆線條流暢，筆法嫻熟，刻畫細膩，宛轉勾連，姿態曼妙。紋飾連續看之，構圖疏朗有致，充滿韻律感，且繪工嫻熟，線條流暢而穩重，紋飾優雅而不失靈動。為明代萬曆之典型作品，即當時文房用具之筆洗佳品。此筆洗整器規整對稱，宮廷氣勢，高雅大氣，一絲不苟。紋飾繁褥，五彩豔麗，氣韻生動，柔中帶剛，吉祥圖案豐富多彩，造型莊重大方。線條清晰有致，繁而不亂，工藝精湛，保存完好實屬難得，極具收藏和考研價值。
Experts recommend that: the five color fold along the "top of the eyebrow" brush, the flower mouth fold along, the arc wall deep belly, the circle foot, the outer wall Department "Ming Wanli year system" six characters, the brush wash main decoration magpie Deng Mei has a distinctive Wanli characteristics, this device contains peony, magpie, peony is regarded as a symbol of prosperity, happiness, happiness, happiness, auspicious, festive, good luck, magpie vivid image It has unique shape, exquisite technology, bright and lustrous glaze, natural gel, simple and unsophisticated appearance. The whole picture is exquisite in composition, smooth in line, skillful in writing, delicate in description, graceful in posture. From the perspective of continuous decoration, the composition is sparse, full of rhythm, skilled in painting, smooth and stable lines, elegant and flexible decoration. It is a typical work of Wanli in Ming Dynasty, that is, the best pen wash of stationery at that time. This brush washing machine is regular and symmetrical. It is elegant and meticulous. The patterns are numerous, colorful, vivid, soft with hard, auspicious patterns are rich and colorful, and the modeling is solemn and generous. The lines are clear, complicated but not disordered, the craftsmanship is exquisite, and it is rare to keep them in good condition, which is of great value for collection and postgraduate examination.
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