The beginning of the universe had, of course, been discussed long before this. According to a number of early cosmologies and the Jewish/Christian/Muslim tradition, the universe started at a finite, and not very distant, time in the past. One argument for such a beginning was the feeling that it was necessary to have “First Cause” to explain the existence of the universe. (Within the universe, you always explained one event as being caused by some earlier event, but the existence of the universe itself could be explained in this way only if it had some beginning.) Another argument was put forward by St.Augustine in his book The City of God. He pointed out that civilization is progressing and we remember who performed this deed or developed that technique. Thus man, and so also perhaps the universe, could not have been around all that long.
St. Augustine accepted a date of about 5000 BC for the Creation of the universe according to the book of Genesis. (Itis interesting that this is not so far from the end of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 BC, which is when archaeologists tell us that civilization really began.)Aristotle, and most of the other Greek philosophers, on the other hand, did not like the idea of a creation because it smacked too much of divine intervention. They believed, therefore, that the human race and the world around it had existed, and would exist, forever. The ancients had already considered the argument about progress described above, and answered it by saying that there had been periodic floods or other disasters that repeatedly set the human race right back to the beginning of civilization.
Genesis 创世纪
Divine 神学
当然，宇宙开端的问题在这之前很久就被讨论过。根据一些早先的宇宙论和犹太人／基督教／穆斯林传统，宇宙开端于有限的、并且不是非常远的过去的某一时刻。对这样一个开端，有一种议论是感到必须有“第一原因”来解释宇宙的存在。（在宇宙中，你总可以将一个事件解释为由于另一个更早的事件所引起的，但是宇宙本身的存在只有当存在某个开端时才能被解释。）另一种论证是圣·奥古斯丁在他的《上帝之城》的著作中提出的。他指出，文明在进步，我们将记住创造这些业绩和发展技术的人们。这样人，也许宇宙，不可能已经存在了太长的时间。
圣·奥古斯丁根据《创世纪》一，接受公元前5000年作为宇宙的被创生的时间。（有趣的是，这和上一次的冰河时间的结束，大约公元前100000年相距不远。考古学家告诉我们，文明实际上是从那时开始的。） 另一方面，亚里士多德和大多数其他希腊哲学家不喜欢创生的思想，因为它带有太多的神学干涉的味道。所以他们相信，人类及其周围的世界已经并且将继续永远存在。古代的人们已经考虑到上述的文明进步的论点，用周期性洪水或其他灾难的重复出现，使人类回到文明的开初，来回答上面的话难。
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