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Introduction：
What is the data? This problem was raised as early as the end of the 19th century, but it has long been ignored. Today, the advent of digital technology has forced us to re-interpret and interpret this issue. Data is a symbolic entity. The difference is at one end of it and the meaning is at the other end. Data is also a critical point, and from here on, not important becomes important.
The tsunami of big data has swept across all walks of life. With big data, it has done a lot of things, such as handling public data, carrying out public health research, and conducting urban planning... Its application prospects are so broad. Although this concept has always been loved and feared of, more and more experts (as well as non-professionals) are arguing that no organization, field or even individual can avoid this data revolution.
Digital transformation means that the mode of business development needs to change. Contemporary corporate R&D has essentially become a dialogue between business and society, a continuous, never-ending dialogue.
In the era of big data, anonymization is difficult to achieve. Therefore, a new security architecture is needed to enable scientific researchers, statistical agencies, and enterprises to make full use of big data while providing strong protection for personal privacy.
In addition, the impact of the digital revolution on employment has also resulted in a series of discussions and strong concerns. Therefore, it seems important to support the emergence of high-skilled independent labor, especially related activities.
Data transformation has created an unprecedented era which is full of unknowns. It is necessary to explore the unpredictable future. We are in a time of digital renaissance: science and technology are developing in a rapid pace. We are at Moore's Law speeding toward a new world full of surprises. Art plays an irreplaceable role in helping us explore the new world.
We bring readers several exclusive reports on digital transformation to help you understand humanity and understand society from an unprecedentedly high perspective.
—Collection for Digital Transformation—
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A philosophy of data
Ongoing digitization has placed data at the center of economic and social life. We are producing a growing amount of data that are exchanged, secured and analyzed by increasingly sophisticated technologies. Data economics defines the value of these operations. Data policies are implemented both by governments and large corporations. An emerging business revolves around big data. But the precise nature of a datum remains unclear. A philosophical approach, as led by Luciano Floridi, can help us refine the definition.
No work without work tools. It is impossible to rethink and transform a business (its processes, its performance indicators, its methods, etc.) without rethinking and transforming its underlying tools. This duality, well-known in management sciences, becomes fundamental when, under the pressure created by big data, the focus of innovation gradually shifts from the products to the processes. However, the business line is powerless to conceive its own transformation via data. How do we get out of this trap?
Technological acceleration and emerging uses impose new modes of development. This fundamentally changes the way a company like Orange innovates. But agility is not enough. It also requires an integrative R&D, involving both all actors along the value chain. R&D becomes a permanent conversation with society.
The first real anonymization algorithms were developed in the mid-1990s. These methods worked very well over the next ten to fifteen years, until the beginning of a new era, that of big data. Everybody generates data from which they can be easily re-identified. The era of big data leaves no room for anonymization. The offered solution reverses the problem: instead of sharing an anonymized database, data will be stored on a secure infrastructure with a controlled access. Those who wish to use these data cannot access it directly. Instead, they will download an algorithm, which we will check and run before authorizing it to search the database for the pieces of required data. This secure infrastructure will allow researchers, statistical institutes or companies to use the potential of big data while offering very strong guarantees in terms of protection of user privacy.
The fears of jobs evaporating have proved unfounded every time since they were first expressed in 1772, thanks to new economic developments. The emergence of innovations and factors driving significant productivity gains has always been accompanied by a surge in household consumption – the production of new goods calls for job creation, thus replacing the jobs destroyed by productivity gains. Is it different this time? The important question, if a massive job destruction is to occur, will be that of transition. In other words, the ability to provide new skills to workers so that the transfer of threatened jobs to other expanding industries can occur. Another concern is the transformation of salaried jobs into independent jobs, threatening the very pillars of the welfare state. But it is not proven to-day. We are far from the growing uberization that is so frequently mentioned. The question may rather be to develop institutions allowing for this transformation, in order to get the full benefit of the digital revolution’s positive effects on growth.
Art in the 20th century has cultivated the concept of avant-garde. But would it not be overcome today by technology, whose creativity seems inexhaustible and shapes our future? The digital acceleration can make our era a Renaissance, one of those times when humanity reinvents itself. The resources of artistic creation are needed more than ever.
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