新概念英語第三冊
Lesson 8 A famous monastery
重點詞彙句型語法解析及課文翻譯
一、重點單詞短語解析【New words and expressions】
1. monastery n. 寺院，修道院
補充：abbey n. 修道院; 大教堂; 大寺院 Westminster Abbey 倫敦威斯敏斯特大教堂
In ancient China, there were lots of monasteries.在古時候, 中國有許多寺院。
abbot:修道院院長 —— abbess:女修道院院長
convent n.修女 女修道院She entered a convent at the age of 16.她十六歲時進了修道院。
2. pass n. 關隘通道, 山口;關口
The monastery is in a remote mountain pass. 那個修道院在一個偏遠的山口中。
There is a bus passing through the Brenner Pass every day.每天都有一輛穿過布里納山口的公共汽車。
3. pass 和 spend
(1) 表示在等待的過程中做某事打發時間，可以用 pass the time.
He had brought along a book to pass the time（他帶了本書打發時間）。表示一段時間已經流逝，可以用pass.
The first few days passed（最初幾天過去了）.
The time seems to have passed so quickly（時間似乎過得非常快）。
(2) 表示花一段時間做某事或呆在某個地方，用 spend：
I spent three days cleaning our flat（我花了3天打掃我們的公寓）。
A hotel where we could spend the night（我們可以入住過夜的酒店）。
4. rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地 boldly adv.
太急速的; 魯莽的; 輕率的
a rash young man 莽撞的小夥子 a rash statement 不顧後果的話
I made quite a lot of money, but I rashly gave most of it away... 我賺了不少錢，但是大部分被我輕率地花掉了。
My sister always said I acted rashly. 我姐姐總是說我行為魯莽。
He did something rash and repented it forever. 他做了件輕率的是而一直為之後悔。
Don't be rash in making your decision.別輕率做出決定。
be rash enough膽敢
rash advance冒進
Marry in haste and repent at leisure.草率結婚後悔多。
rashness
I lent him $50,000 in a moment of rashness. 我一時不慎借給他5萬美元。
With characteristic rashness , Peter plunged into the icy water.
以他慣有的衝動，彼得一頭扎進了冰冷的水中。
...the rashness of youth. 年少的魯莽
rash of sth. (比喻) 令人不愉快的事情突然大量出現
a rash of ugly new house 一下子冒出來的一大片難看的房子
a rash of strikes in the steel industry 鋼鐵工業突如其來的一連串大罷工
rash adj. 輕率的；魯莽的；衝動的
It would be rash to rely on such evidence.指靠這樣的證據是草率的。
Mr. Ma is making no rash promises... 馬先生沒有作出輕率的承諾。
Don’t make rash promises. 勿輕易承諾（以免後悔）。
Don't do anything rash until the feelings subside. 在冷靜下來之前不要魯莽行事。
It was rash of you to sign the form without reading it.你看也不看就在表格上簽字真太輕率了。
a rash of 大量,許多(令人不快的事情)
They believe this confusion is responsible for a rash of terrible accidents this spring. 他們認為今年春天一連串可怕的事故是由這次混亂引起的。
5. enclosure n. 圍場，圈地，圈佔地, 圈用地
We were led to a fenced enclosure.我們被帶到一處用籬笆圍住的場地。
This enclosure was so vast that the outermost wall could hardly be seen. 這塊圍場如此之大，幾乎看不見最遠端的圍牆。
enclosure附件, 裝入物
I received your enclosure with gratitude.附件收到, 十分感謝。
enclose vt.把…圍起來,包圍;圍住;封閉
The rules state that samples must be enclosed in two watertight containers... 規則要求樣本必須裝在兩個水密容器中。
The surrounding land was enclosed by an six foot bamboo fence. 周圍的土地圍有6英尺高的竹柵欄。
In China people usually have the walls the universities enclosed.在中國人民習慣於用圍牆把大學圍在裡面。
把…裝入信封, 附入；把…封入信封;隨函附上
I have enclosed a cheque for £10,000... 我已隨信附上10,000英鎊的支票。
He tore open the yellow envelope that had been enclosed in the letter... 他撕開了隨信寄來的黃色信封。
The enclosed leaflet shows how our Service can ease all your worries. 隨信寄上的宣傳頁將說明我們的“服務”如何能為您解除所有煩憂。
He enclosed a cheque for 5,000dollars.他附寄了一張5,000美元的支票。
6. monk n. 和尚，僧侶；修道士
friar ['fraɪə(r)] n. （天主教的）男修士；化緣修士；
friary ['fraɪərɪ] n. 男修道院，寺院
nun n.修女；尼姑 nunnery ['nʌnərɪ] n. 尼姑庵，女修道院
7. privacy n. 清靜，隱居,(不受干擾的)獨處
He must have disturbed your privacy.他必定打擾了你的清靜。
privacy 私事, 隱私；獨處；清靜 He preferred to read the documents in the privacy of his study.他比較喜歡在書房裡無干擾的情況下閱讀文件。
privacy 干擾…的生活；侵犯…的隱私
The press invade people's privacy every day. 每天媒體都會毫無道理地干擾人們的生活。
I demand an explanation for your rude intrusion upon my privacy.我要求你對於無禮地侵擾我的私人生活的行為做出解釋。
We must respect other's privacies.我們不該打聽他人的私事。
Newspapers often don't respect the individual’s right to privacy. 報紙的報道往往不尊重私人權利。
She complained that the questions were an invasion of (her) privacy.
她投訴這些問題侵犯了她的個人自由。
8. seclude vt.使隔開,使隔絕,使隱退,隱秘
seclude sb./oneself from society 與世隔絕對
She seclued herself in her study to work. 她把自己關在書房裡埋頭研究。
You can’t seclue yourself from the world. 人不能與世隔絕。
secluded a. 僻靜的;隱蔽的;與世隔絕的；人跡罕至的；離群索居的
lead a secluded life 過離群索居的生活
We were tucked away in a secluded corner of the room... 我們被藏匿到房間裡一個隱蔽的角落。
We found a secluded beach a few miles further on. 我們又前行了幾英里，發現了一處僻靜的海灘。
seclusion [sɪˈklu:ʒn] n. 隔絕;隱退;隱居
She lived in seclusion with her husband on their farm in Panama... 她與丈夫隱居在他們在巴拿馬的農場。
They love the seclusion of their garden. 他們喜歡自家花園的幽靜。
9. skier n. 滑雪者
He is an enthusiastic skier. 他是個滑雪愛好者。
The skier skimmed across the snow.滑雪者飛快地滑過雪地。
skiing n.
ski boot滑雪靴 ski jump(助滑道)飛躍滑雪；滑雪跳躍比賽
ski-bob 滑雪車（狀如自行車、有滑雪板，無輪）
skiing course, instructor, resort 滑雪課程、教練、勝地
skiing equipment, clothes 滑雪用具、服裝
ski 滑雪板;滑水板 ...a pair of skis. 一副滑雪板
They surf, ski and ride... 他們衝浪，滑雪，還騎馬。
10. Easter n. 復活節
at Easter, at Christmas, at Thanksgiving復活節假期
They usually have a walking holiday at Easter... 復活節假期他們通常都會去徒步旅行。
She spends her Easter holidays taking groups of children to France... 她帶領一群孩子去法國過復活節。
The government declared Easter Monday a public holiday. 政府宣佈復活節後的星期一是公共假日。
二、重點句型長難句語法分析
1.The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2470 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe..聖伯納德大山口連接著瑞士與意大利，海拔2,473O米，是歐洲最高的山口。
(1) connect…to… / join….to… / link…with…把...與…連接在一起
connects / join Switzerland to Italy
link Switzerland with Italy
connect … with:把…與某事聯繫在一起
I can’t connect the picture with my friend Mary.
Are you connected with the government?
be connected with 與…有聯繫
Connect the gas stove with the gas pipe.將煤氣爐和煤氣管接起來。
connect Dalian with the sea提到大連就想到海
Their families are now connected by marriage.他們兩家現已聯姻。
I was again connected to the wrong person.又給我接錯了電話。
(2) at 2,473 metres:介詞短語修飾全句用於句首表示原因、條件或狀態
In red, she looks much more beautiful.
At the age of 15, he is able. 在十五歲的時候, 他很能幹。
At 1. 65 metres, he is a little short.
height海拔；height above sea level；elevation
4,000 metres above sea level; 海拔四千米
with an elevation of 4,000 metres 海拔高度
2.The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. 11世紀建造的著名的聖伯納德修道院位於離山口1英里遠的地方。
found（v.建立, 創立）= set up（設立, 豎立）= establish（vt.成立，建立）
which was founded in the eleventh century, 非限制性定語從句。
語法分析
限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句最大的區別
1）非限制性定語從句是對主句或主句中所出現的某個名詞的補充說明和解釋，去掉對主句影響不大
2）限制性定語從句是主句當中不可缺少的一部分
1. who引導的非限制性定語從句主要指人做主語
Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.
Mr Smith, who died on July 17th at 64,was a famous person in American history.
There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury. （n.傷害）旅客很少, 他們都逃出來了, 沒有受到重傷。
There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.
沒有受重傷而逃出來的旅客很少。
The drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.
所有司機都知道堵車的事, 都走了別的路。
The drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn’t know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.
得知堵車的司機走了別的路, 不知道堵車事件的司機仍然走這條路。
2. 指代事物在非限制性定語從句當中只能使用which
He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.
3. 指代時間when, 地點where
He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as three weeks.他被留在了荒島上, 在那裡他呆了長達三週之久。
The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship.
3. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. 如今由於山裡開挖了隧道,翻越山口已不那麼危險了。但每年還要派狗到雪山地裡去幫助那些遇到困難的旅遊者。
Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot. 儘管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒險徒步跨越聖伯納德山口。
(1) now that：既然;由於
用做時間連接詞時，後面通常跟完成式
Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.
用做原因連接詞時，後面時態不限。
Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself.
Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
既然你長大了, 就不應該依靠你的父母。
Now(that) he is well again, he can go on with his English study.
既然恢復了健康, 他就可以繼續學習英語。
(2)whenever,whoever,whatever,wherever,whichever, however
=no matter when / who / what / where / which / how
You can telephone me whenever you like.
Whichever day you come, we’ll be pleased to see you.
Whenever you go, I’ll follow you.
However busy you are, you must spare some time to study English.
(3) despite介詞——in spite of(of是介詞)
rashly 莽撞的 attempt to do sth. =try to do sth.企圖做某事
I made quite a lot of money, but I rashly gave most of it away... 我賺了不少錢，但是大部分被我輕率地花掉了。
My sister always said I acted rashly. 我姐姐總是說我行為魯莽。
He did something rash and repented it forever. 他做了件輕率的是而一直為之後悔。
(4) )there + be
There are still a few students studying English in the classroom.
= There are still a few students who are studying English in the classroom.依舊有些學生在教室學習英語。
4. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. 修道士們喜歡冬天,而不太喜歡夏天。
prefer sth. to sth.
prefer A to B 寧願A也不願B
I prefer reading to doing nothing. 我寧願看書, 也不願什麼都不做
The boy prefers apples to bananas.
prefer to do sth than do sth
He prefers to read than do nothing. 我寧願看書, 也不願什麼都不做。
5. During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. 夏天的幾個月裡，修道院十分忙碌，因為有成千上萬的人駕車通過山口。
for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.for引導並列句表示原因。又如:lesson2、lesson6課文中的句子
(lesson2 )The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.這座古城肯定一度很繁榮，因為它曾享有高度的文明。for引導並列句表示原因
(lesson6)The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed.這場搶劫只持續了3分鐘，因為竊賊爭先恐後地爬上轎車，以驚人的速度開跑了。for引導並列句表示原因
語法分析
for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.for引導並列句，不是原因狀語從句，儘管習慣上人們都稱for引導的這樣的句子為原因狀語從句，僅僅是因為我們常把它翻譯為“因為……”。其實，這時的for從句只是對主句進行附加說明。如果一定要歸類為原因狀語從句，也要對比一下：because引導原因狀語從句，重點突出原因，而for引導的原因狀語從句，突出了主句。再如：e.g. I do it because I like it. 我做這件事因為我喜歡。The day broke, for the bird. 天亮了，因為鳥開始叫了。
我們還是把for看作是並列連詞，引導的是並列句，引出的原因是比較間接，只提供一些輔助性的補充說明，似乎是事後想做的補充解釋，或附加的理由，並不是說明主句行為發生的直接原因。通俗點講，主句發生的動作不是因為for所說明的原因，有時甚至可以“倒因為果”。for引導的並列句只能放於主句之後並且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。
三、課文及翻譯參考
Lesson 8 A famous monastery
(重點詞彙句型黑體顯示)
The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 2470 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot.
During the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars. As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to -30 and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm.
Welcome at St Bernard's monastery.
A famous monastery 著名的修道院
聖伯納德大山口連接著瑞士與意大利，海拔2,473O米，是歐洲最高的山口。11世紀建造的著名的聖伯納德修道院位於離山口1英里遠的地方。幾百年來，聖伯納德修道院馴養狗拯救了許多翻越這道山口的旅遊者的生命。那些最先從亞洲引進的狗，待人友好，早在羅馬時代就給人當看門狗了。如今由於山裡開挖了隧道，翻越山口已不那麼危險了。但每年還要派狗到雪山地裡去幫助那些遇到困難的旅遊者，儘管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒險徒步跨越聖伯納德山口。
夏天的幾個月裡，修道院十分忙碌，因為有成千上萬的人駕車通過山口，順道來修道院參觀。由於來人太多，狗被關在專門的圍欄裡。然而到了冬天，修道院裡的生活則是另一番景象。氣溫下降到零下30度，試圖跨越山口的人寥寥無幾。修道士們喜歡冬天，而不太喜歡夏天。因為在冬天，他們可以更多地過無人打擾的生活。狗也比較自由，被放出圍欄，四處遛達。冬天常來修道院參觀的只有一批批滑雪者。他們在聖誕節或復活節到那兒去。這些熱愛高山清靜環境的年輕人每年都受到聖伯納德道院的熱烈歡迎。
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