◆◆◆名詞的數與格的誤用◆◆◆
△真題再練
下列各小題中有且僅有一處錯誤(多1個單詞、少1個單詞、錯1個單詞)，請指出並改正過來，然後說明理由。
1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
2. Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
3.He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
4.From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.
5. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
6. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
7. One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded. …he turned around and found that his parents were missing.
8.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
9. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
△思路點撥
解答這類題主要有6條依據：
1.依據可數名詞與不可數名詞的用法特點。
可數名詞大於一時要用複數，不可數名詞一般沒有複數形式。如air, milk, water等物質名詞與music, advice, fun等抽象名詞是不可數名詞，一般是沒有複數形式的。還有luggage, furniture, equipment等都是容易出錯的不可數名詞。
2.依據名詞前的修飾語。
如名詞前有these, those, ten等修飾時，應當用複數。如［真題再練］2，these year就錯了，要用these years才正確。
3.依據主謂一致原則。
如果謂語動詞是複數，主語也應是複數；如果謂語動詞是單數，主語也應是單數。如［真題再練］1，謂語是is getting，而主語是airs，可知這裡一定有問題。
4.依據上下文信息。
如［真題再練］7，Tony went to a shopping center with his parent，湯姆是同他的父親或母親，還是同他父母一起去商場？下文his parents were missing告訴我們，是同父母一起去的，故parent應用複數。
5.依據生活常識。
如［真題再練］3，一個人的肩膀是有左有右的，應當用複數。如果沒有這個常識就無法正確指出with broad shoulder這一錯誤。
6.依據邏輯意義。
如［真題再練］6，“當我最終到達朋友時”，“到達朋友”怎麼講得通呢？這裡一定有問題，應當是“到達朋友的家”才通順。
△考點歸納
名詞是短文改錯的必考點，5年8套題中無一例外。主要考查名詞的“數”與“格”，具體有3點：
1.不可數名詞沒有複數，文中卻用了複數。
如［真題再練］第1題和第5題。要牢記常見的不可數名詞，如：fun, advice,information, work(工作), homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipment,money等。
2.可數名詞該用複數時，文中卻用了單數。
如［真題再練］第2、3、4、7、8、9題。顯然，這是考查的重點。要注意可數名詞前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, one of, 或大於1的數詞修飾時，以及雖無這些詞但根據語境其意義大於1時，一定要用複數形式。
3.表示“某人的”本應用名詞的所有格，文中卻沒用。
如［真題再練］第6題。注意，以下情況中，名詞所有格後的名詞可省略：a butcher’s(shop)肉鋪，a tailor’s(shop)裁縫店，a barber’s(shop)理髮店，a doctor’s(office)診所，my sister’s(home)我姐姐家，其中shop,office, home等表示處所的詞都可以省略，直接用名詞所有格表示。
