◆◆◆名词的数与格的误用◆◆◆
△真题再练
下列各小题中有且仅有一处错误(多1个单词、少1个单词、错1个单词)，请指出并改正过来，然后说明理由。
1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
2. Since then—for all these year—we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.
3.He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black to gray over the years.
4.From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy.
5. It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.
6. When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.
7. One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded. …he turned around and found that his parents were missing.
8.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.
9. When tea got popular in Britain, there was a crying need for good cup with handles to suit British habits.
△思路点拨
解答这类题主要有6条依据：
1.依据可数名词与不可数名词的用法特点。
可数名词大于一时要用复数，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。如air, milk, water等物质名词与music, advice, fun等抽象名词是不可数名词，一般是没有复数形式的。还有luggage, furniture, equipment等都是容易出错的不可数名词。
2.依据名词前的修饰语。
如名词前有these, those, ten等修饰时，应当用复数。如［真题再练］2，these year就错了，要用these years才正确。
3.依据主谓一致原则。
如果谓语动词是复数，主语也应是复数；如果谓语动词是单数，主语也应是单数。如［真题再练］1，谓语是is getting，而主语是airs，可知这里一定有问题。
4.依据上下文信息。
如［真题再练］7，Tony went to a shopping center with his parent，汤姆是同他的父亲或母亲，还是同他父母一起去商场？下文his parents were missing告诉我们，是同父母一起去的，故parent应用复数。
5.依据生活常识。
如［真题再练］3，一个人的肩膀是有左有右的，应当用复数。如果没有这个常识就无法正确指出with broad shoulder这一错误。
6.依据逻辑意义。
如［真题再练］6，“当我最终到达朋友时”，“到达朋友”怎么讲得通呢？这里一定有问题，应当是“到达朋友的家”才通顺。
△考点归纳
名词是短文改错的必考点，5年8套题中无一例外。主要考查名词的“数”与“格”，具体有3点：
1.不可数名词没有复数，文中却用了复数。
如［真题再练］第1题和第5题。要牢记常见的不可数名词，如：fun, advice,information, work(工作), homework, housework, progress, luggage, furniture, equipment,money等。
2.可数名词该用复数时，文中却用了单数。
如［真题再练］第2、3、4、7、8、9题。显然，这是考查的重点。要注意可数名词前有these, those, several, few, many, a large number of, each of, one of, 或大于1的数词修饰时，以及虽无这些词但根据语境其意义大于1时，一定要用复数形式。
3.表示“某人的”本应用名词的所有格，文中却没用。
如［真题再练］第6题。注意，以下情况中，名词所有格后的名词可省略：a butcher’s(shop)肉铺，a tailor’s(shop)裁缝店，a barber’s(shop)理发店，a doctor’s(office)诊所，my sister’s(home)我姐姐家，其中shop,office, home等表示处所的词都可以省略，直接用名词所有格表示。
