BCW20200401關愛地球——
我們的共同未來XI（下）（雙語）
編者按
同一個地球，同呼吸，共命運。環境是經濟發展的基礎，更是可持續發展的基礎和關鍵。人類賴以生存的大部分物質資源等都是間接或者直接來源於大自然，保護生態環境就是保護生產力，改善生態環境就是發展生產力。因此，發展建設生態文明，探索新型工業化道路是各國可持續發展的必由之路。而各國在可持續發展過程中應當遵循預防為主、防治結合的發展理念，合理利用自然資源，防止環境的汙染和破壞，以求自然環境同人文環境、經濟環境共同平衡可持續發展。
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99. Multilateral financial institutions have a crucial role to play. The World Bank is presently reorienting its programmes towards greater environmental concerns. This should be accompanied by a fundamental commitment to sustainable development by the Bank. It is also essential that the Regional Development Banks and the International Monetary Fund incorporate similar objectives in their policies and programmes. A new priority and focus is also needed in bilateral aid agencies.
多邊金融機構可以發揮關鍵作用。世界銀行目前正在調整其方案的方向，以解決更多的環境問題。與此同時，世界銀行應對可持續發展做出根本承諾。同樣重要的是，各區域開發銀行和國際貨幣基金組織在其政策和方案中列入類似的目標，在雙標援助機構中也需要一個新的優先事項和重點。
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100. Given the limitations on increasing present flows of international aid, proposals for securing additional revenue from the use of international commons and natural resources should now be seriously considered by governments.
鑑於目前增加國際援助流量的限制，各國政府現在應該認真考慮從利用國際公地和自然資源中獲得額外收入的建議
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IV. A Call for Action
行動的召喚
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101. Over the course of this century, the relationship between the human world and the planet that sustains it has undergone a profound change.
在本世紀的過程中，人類世界和維持它的星球之間的關係發生了深刻的變化。
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102. When the century began, neither human numbers nor technology had the power radically to alter planetary systems. As the century closes, not only do vastly increased human numbers and their activities have that power, but major, unintended changes are occurring in the atmosphere, in soils, in waters, among plants and animals, and in the relationships among all of these. The rate of change is outstripping the ability of scientific disciplines and our current capabilities to assess and advise. It is frustrating the attempts of political and economic institutions, which evolved in a different, more fragmented world, to adapt and cope. It deeply worries many people who are seeking ways to place those concerns on the political agendas.
當本世紀開始的時候，無論是人類還是科技都沒有從根本上改變行星系統的力量。隨著本世紀的結束，不僅大量增加的人口和人類活動具有了這種力量，而且在大氣、土壤、水、植物和動物之間以及所有這些之間的關係中也發生了重大的、意想不到的變化。變化的速度超過了科學的能力和我們目前評估和提供建議的能力。在一個不同的、更加碎片化的世界中發展起來的政治和經濟機構在適應和應對方面所做的嘗試令人沮喪。這使正在設法將他們的關注點列入政治議程的人感到憂慮。
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103. The onus lies with no one group of nations. Developing countries face the obvious life-threatening challenges of desertification, deforestation, and pollution, and endure most of the poverty associated with environmental degradation. The entire human family of nations would suffer from the disappearance of rain forests in the tropics, the loss of plant and animal species, and changes in rainfall patterns. Industrial nations face the life-threatening challenges of toxic chemicals, toxic wastes, and acidification. All nations may suffer from the releases by industrialized countries of carbon dioxide and of gases that react with the ozone layer, and from any future war fought with the nuclear arsenals controlled by those nations. All nations will have a role to play in changing trends, and in righting an international economic system that increases rather than decreases inequality, that increases rather than decreases numbers of poor and hungry.
責任不在任何一個國家集團。發展中國家面臨著荒漠化、森林砍伐和汙染等明顯威脅生命的挑戰，並忍受著與環境退化相關的大部分貧困。整個人類大家庭將因熱帶雨林的消失、動植物物種的喪失以及降雨模式的改變而蒙受損失。工業國面臨著有毒化學品、有毒廢物和酸化等威脅生命的挑戰。工業化國家排放的二氧化碳和與臭氧層發生反應的氣體，以及未來與這些國家控制的核武庫進行的任何戰爭，都可能使所有國家蒙受損失。所有國家都將在改變趨勢，糾正增加而不是減少不平等、增加而不是減少貧困和飢餓人數的國際經濟體系方面發揮作用。
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104. The next few decades are crucial. The time has come to break out of past patterns. Attempts to maintain social and ecological stability through old approaches to development and environmental protection will increase instability. Security must be sought through change. The Commission has noted a number of actions that must be taken to reduce risks to survival and to put future development on paths that are sustainable. Yet we are aware that such a reorientation on a continuing basis is simply beyond the reach of present decision-making structures and institutional arrangements, both national and international.
接下來的幾十年至關重要。現在是打破過去模式的時候了。試圖通過舊的發展和環境保護方法來維持社會和生態穩定，將增加不穩定。必須通過變革尋求安全。委員會注意到必須採取一些行動，以減少生存風險，並使未來的發展走上可持續的道路。然而，我們意識到，這種持續的方向調整根本超出了目前國家和國際決策結構和體制安排的範圍。
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105. This Commission has been careful to base our recommendations on the realities of present institutions, on what can and must be accomplished today. But to keep options open for future generations, the present generation must begin now, and begin together.
委員會謹慎地將我們的建議建立在現有機構的現實基礎上，建立在今天天能夠而且必須完成的工作基礎上。但是，為了讓子孫後代有更多的選擇，我們這一代人必須從現在開始，一起開始。
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106. To achieve the needed changes, we believe that an active follow-up of this report is imperative. It is with this in mind that we call for the UN General Assembly, upon due consideration, to transform this report into a UN Programme on Sustainable Development. Special follow-up conferences could be initiated at the regional level. Within an appropriate period after the presentation of this report to the General Assembly, an international conference could be convened to review progress made, and to promote follow up arrangements that will be needed to set benchmarks and to maintain human progress.
為了實現所需的變革，我們認為，必須對本報告採取積極的後續行動。正是考慮到這一點，我們呼籲聯合國大會在適當考慮後，將本報告轉變為聯合國可持續發展方案。可在區域一級發起特別後續會議，在向大會提交本報告後的適當期間內，可召開一次國際會議，審查所取得的進展，並促進為確定基準和維持人類進步所需的後續安排。
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107. First and foremost, this Commission has been concerned with people - of all countries and all walks of life. And it is to people that we address our report. The changes in human attitudes that we call for depend on a vast campaign of education, debate, and public participation. This campaign must start now if sustainable human progress is to be achieved.
首先，該委員會關心所有國家和各行各業的人民。我們的報告是面向大眾的。我們所呼籲的人類態度的改變取決於大規模的教育、辯論和公眾參與運動。如果要實現可持續的人類進步，這項運動必須現在就開始。
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108. The Members of the World Commission on Environment and Development came from 21 very different nations. In our discussions, we disagreed often on details and priorities. But despite our widely differing backgrounds and varying national and international responsibilities, we were able to agree to the lines along which change must be drawn.
世界環境與發展委員會的成員來自21個非常不同的國家。在我們的討論中，我們經常在細節和優先事項上產生分歧。但是，儘管我們有著廣泛不同的背景和不同的國家和國際責任，我們還是能夠就必須作出改變的範圍達成協議。
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109. We are unanimous in our conviction that the security, well-being, and very survival of the planet depend on such changes, now.
我們一致認為，現在地球的安全、福祉和生存都取決於這些變化。
以上文字漢語來源於：11組曹怡凡、查愛民、高曉旭、姜寶榮、姜曉敏、柯宇錚、盛春麗、宋明悅、孫金欣、孫玉瑩、田夢園、王新月、鬱萬鑫、張書甜、張笑笑、周文啟等同學（的課堂作業）；英文來源於網絡，特此說明【指導老師康健】。
編輯|劉家圓 李澤昆
版式|王 瑜 劉 悅
審核|康 健
