Scenic City Sights Linked to Higher Happiness
風景優美的城市景觀能給居民帶來更高的幸福感
One of the ugliest sights in Great Britain is a small power station outside Plymouth, England, its electrical lines and towers surrounded by a drab-colored fence. I know this not because I've been there - but because a photo of it has scored a measly 1 out of 10 on an online game called Scenic or Not. The game has viewers rate photos from all over the U.K. on their scenic beauty.
英國最醜的景觀之一是英國普利茅斯郊外的一個小發電站，發電站的電線和電塔被土黃色的柵欄圍了起來。我知道這一點並不是因為我去過那裡，而是因為發電站的照片在一款叫做“算不算風景（Scenic or Not）”的在線風景評分系統中，滿分10分只得了1分。這款評分系統讓訪客對來自英國各地風景的照片進行評分。
After a million and a half ratings of more than 200,000 photos, the site has classified more than 93 percent of Great Britain as scenic, or not, or somewhere in between. And now, a study in the journal Scientific Reports has used that data to show that our happiness increases in line with the scenic beauty around us. Which might sound kind of obvious.
在150萬人對20多萬張風景照片進行評分後，該網站將英國93%以上的地區劃分為風景區、非風景區或者介於二者之間的區域。現在，發表在《科學報告》(Scientific Reports)雜誌上的一項研究利用這些數據表明，我們的幸福指數會隨著身邊美麗的風景而增加。這一點聽起來是顯而易見的事情。
But what was I think surprising is we find that connection when they're in more built-up areas as well. So it's not just a natural area that might have an impact on happiness, but we might also feel happier in more beautiful areas in our cities.
“但讓我感到驚訝的是，我們發現當大家住在更完善的建成區（注：建成區指城市行政區內實際已成片開發建設、市政公用設施和公共設施基本具備的地區）時，居民幸福指數也會更高。”因此，不僅僅是美麗的自然景觀會影響幸福感受，而是可能住在城市中風景更優美的地區也會讓我們感到更快樂。
Chanuki Seresinhe is a data scientist at the Warwick Business School and the Alan Turing Institute. Seresinhe and her team used data from the "Mappiness" iPhone app - which polled some 15,000 participants about their wellbeing a few times a day, over a three-year period. The app also pulled GPS data, which allowed Seresinhe and her team to correlate happiness ratings with the Scenic-or-Not rating of where a participant happened to be. The team found that as scenic beauty goes up, so does self-reported wellbeing. And that held true for areas featuring picturesque human-built structures, such as bridges and interesting architecture.
Chanuki Seresinhe是華威商學院阿蘭圖靈研究所的數據科學家。Seresinhe和她的團隊運用了來自蘋果應用程序“Mappiness”的數據，在三年的時間裡，每天對15000名參與者進行幾次關於他們健康狀況的投票調查。這款應用程序還提取了GPS數據，這也使得Seresinhe 和她的團隊能夠將幸福指數與參與者碰巧所居住區域的“算不算風景（Scenic or Not）”圖片評分相聯繫起來。研究小組發現，風景優美程度（風景圖片評分）越高，自我報告的幸福感也更高。而在那些以風景如畫的人類建築（比如橋樑和有趣建築）為特色的地區，情況也是如此。
And though it's just a correlation for now, "I think what's interesting about this research is it shows that just a small injection of beauty into an area of a city can create happiness for possibly thousands of people that are being exposed to that."
儘管這只是目前暫時的關聯，但“我認為這項研究的有趣之處在於，它表明，在城市的某個區域注入一點美麗，或許就能給成千上萬能欣賞到這些景觀的人創造幸福。”
Which could come in handy. Because the global population is forecast to grow to 11 billion by the end of the century - living mostly in cities. Which should be built to be as appealing as possible.
創建美麗城市，遲早都有用。因為到本世紀末，全球人口預計將增長到110億，而大部分人都居住在城市。所以應該將城市修得儘可能地吸引人。
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