环境说明：
- 系统：Windows10
- 开发工具：Pycharm
- Python版本：3.5
1. 创建Django基础工程
直接使用Pycharm创建，当然你也可能使用命令行方式来创建Django工程，如图正常在浏览器里面能运行起来说明工程创建成功
创建工程
运行测试
运行正常
2. 给虚拟环境安装django自带验证码插件包
- 安装方法如下
<code># pip install django-simple-captcha (0.5.12)/<code>
- 不过在Windows下可以直接使用Pycharm来安装
3. 核心代码
- 添加验证码App，文件Demo/settings.py
<code>INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'app.apps.AppConfig', 'captcha' ] # 需要屏蔽csrf，会影响post请求 MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', # 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', ]/<code>
- 添加路由，Demo\urls.py
<code>from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from app.views import refresh_captcha, Check
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
# Django验证码插件注册，不能删除
url(r'^captcha', include('captcha.urls')),
# 获取验证码或者刷新验证码接口
url(r'^refresh_captcha$', refresh_captcha),
# 校验验证码是否正确
url(r'^check_captcha$', Check.as_view()),
]/<code>- 在app里面新建service.py，添加下面核心代码
<code>from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url
from captcha.models import CaptchaStore
from django.utils import timezone
def captcha():
"""
创建验证码
:return:
"""
hash_key = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案
image_url = captcha_image_url(hash_key) # 验证码地址
return {'hash_key': hash_key, 'image_url': image_url}
def check_captcha(captcha_str, captcha_hash_key):
"""
验证验证码
:param captcha_str:
:param captcha_hash_key:
:return:
"""
if captcha_str and captcha_hash_key:
try:
# 获取根据hashkey获取数据库中的response值
get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey=captcha_hash_key)
if get_captcha.response == captcha_str.lower(): # 如果验证码匹配
if get_captcha.expiration > timezone.now():
return True, "验证成功"
else:
return False, "验证码过期"
except:
return False, "验证码错误"
return False, "验证码错误"
/<code>- 添加视图，app\views.py
<code>import json
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.views import View
from app.service import captcha, check_captcha
def refresh_captcha(request):
"""
刷新验证码、获取验证码
:param request:
:return:
"""
results = {'status': 0, 'msg': '获取成功', 'data': captcha()}
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(results), content_type='application/json')
class Check(View):
"""验证码校验"""
def post(self, request):
results = {'status': 1, 'msg': '校验失败'}
try:
data = json.loads(request.body.decode())
captcha = data['captcha']
hash_key = data['hash_key']
status, msg = check_captcha(captcha, hash_key)
results = {'status': 0 if status else 1, 'msg': msg}
except Exception as error:
print(error)
return JsonResponse(results)
/<code>4. 测试效果
- 使用postman获取验证码
- 查看图形验证码
- 验证码校验，验证码提示：验证码成功、验证码错误、验证码过期
5. 其他配置
[官网文档地址] https://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
具体细节阅读官网文档内容，模式有好几种：普通验证码校验、单词模式、计算模式等
<code>
# Django图形验证码配置
# 字母验证码
# 设置 captcha 图片大小
CAPTCHA_IMAGE_SIZE = (150, 45)
# 字体大小
CAPTCHA_FONT_SIZE = 36
# 字符个数
CAPTCHA_LENGTH = 4
# 超时(minutes)
CAPTCHA_TIMEOUT = 10
# 验证码的背景颜色
CAPTCHA_BACKGROUND_COLOR = '#ffffff'
# 字体路径
CAPTCHA_FONT_PATH = './conf/Phosphate-Inline.ttf'
# 加减乘除验证码
# CAPTCHA_OUTPUT_FORMAT = '%(image)s %(text_field)s %(hidden_field)s '
# CAPTCHA_NOISE_FUNCTIONS = ('captcha.helpers.noise_null',
# 'captcha.helpers.noise_arcs', # 线
# 'captcha.helpers.noise_dots', # 点
# )
# CAPTCHA_CHALLENGE_FUNCT = 'captcha.helpers.math_challenge'/<code> 分享到:
