詞性轉換一直以來都是高考英語語法填空的必考點。這一考點涉及到構詞法，尤其是詞的派生。
今天將近五年高考題中語法填空題涉及的詞性轉換題整理出來，再對高考的詞性轉換進行分類總結，最後就派生詞的前綴和後綴進行分類講解，希望可以為同學們解答這一類題型助力。
一、近五年高考語法填空詞性轉換總結
▲ 2019 年
2019 全國 I 卷
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied.
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing.
2019 全國 II 卷
Her years of hard work have 63 (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
We are so proud of her. It’s 70 (wonder).
2019 全國 III 卷
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were 68 (huge) popular with tourists.
2019 浙江
When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can 60 (easy) see them.
Other American studies showed no 64 (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are 65 (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
2019 北京
Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning) college experience.
▲ 2018 年
2018 全國 I 卷
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy).
2018 全國 II 卷
A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
This switch has decreased 66 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption.
2018 全國 III 卷
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a 66 (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
2018 浙江卷
The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
▲ 2017 年
2017 全國 I 卷
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes.
2017 全國 II 卷
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
2017 全國 III 卷
She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
2017 浙江卷
But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object.
▲ 2016 年
2016 全國 I 卷
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).
The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
2016 全國 II 卷
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (識別) those of greater and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve).
Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular).
2016 全國 III 卷
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks.
▲ 2015 年
2015 全國 I 卷
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69 (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2015 全國 II 卷
In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63 (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65 (slow) during cool nights.
As 69 (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案
▲ 2019 年
2019 全國 I 卷 62. poorly 66. belief
2019 全國 II 卷 63. finally 70. wonderful
2019 全國 III 卷 66. competition 67. traditional 68. hugely
2019 浙江 60. easily 64. connection / connections 65. traditional
2019 北京 10. meaningful
▲ 2018 年
2018 全國 I 卷 68. strengthen 69. energetic
2018 全國 II 卷 63. actually 66. pollution 67. global
2018 全國 III 卷 66. scientist
2018 浙江卷 62. affordable 64. weight
▲ 2017 年
2017 全國 I 卷 69. careful
2017 全國 II 卷 66. fairly 69. introduction 70. successful
2017 全國 III 卷 66. education 70. certainly
2017 浙江卷 57. shiny / shining
▲ 2016 年
2016 全國 I 卷 61. attraction 63. officially
2016 全國 II 卷 42. achievement 47. regularly
2016 全國 III 卷 46. gradually 48. development
▲ 2015 年
2015 全國 I 卷 69. regularly
2015 全國 II 卷 63. ability 65. slowly 69. natural
二、近五年考點分類總結
1. 形容詞 → 副詞
poor — poorly；
final — finally；
huge — hugely；
easy — easily；
actual — actually；
fair — fairly；
certain — certainly；
official — officially；
regular — regularly；
gradual — gradually；
slow — slowly
2. 動詞 → 名詞
believe — belief；
compete — competition；
connect — connection；
pollute — pollution；
weigh — weight；
introduce — introduction；
educate — education；
attract — attraction；
achieve — achievement；
develop — development
3. 名詞 → 形容詞
wonder — wonderful；
tradition — traditional；
meaning — meaningful；
globe — global；
success — successful；
care — careful；
nature — natural；
energy — energetic
4. 動詞 → 形容詞afford — affordable
shine — shiny / shining；
5. 形容詞 → 名詞
able — ability
6. 名詞 → 動詞
strength — strengthen
7. 名詞 → 名詞（人）
science — scientist
三、常見前綴後綴盤點
前綴一般改變詞義而不改變詞性；後綴一般改變詞性而不改變詞義。
01
後綴
副詞後綴
副詞後綴 -ly：
absolutely, completely, exactly, extremely, frequently, obviously, particularly, similarly, suddenly
形容詞後綴
-able / -ible：
reasonable, flexible, reliable, valuable, accessible, considerable
-ive：
effective, sensitive, attractive, impressive
-al / -ial：
practical, beneficial, financial, facial, mental, personal
-ate：
considerate, fortunate
-ful：
powerful, successful, wonderful, fearful, respectful, skillful, thoughtful, shameful
-ly：
likely, lively, lonely, deadly, elderly, hourly, yearly, daily
-ent：
confident, convenient, independent, different, violent
-less:
countless, homeless, useless, breathless, effortless, selfless
-y:
guilty, healthy, hungry, sleepy, tasty, thirsty, wealthy, worthy, dusty
-ic：
energetic, scientific, fantastic
-ary / -ory：
contradictory, documentary, imaginary
-ous：
obvious, various, adventurous, ambitious, courageous, disastrous, mountainous
名詞後綴
-ity / -ty / -y：
curiosity, responsibility, safety, security, similarity, necessity
-ance / -ence：
appearance, performance, acceptance, confidence, preference, significance
-sion / -tion：
contribution, decision, impression, admission, concentration, discussion, donation
-th：
strength, depth, growth, length, warmth, width
-ment：
achievement, treatment, amusement, arrangement, excitement, improvement
-ure / -ture / -ature：
failure, pressure, exposure, mixture, signature
-ing：
building, suffering, understanding, warning
-al：
approval, arrival, survival
-cy：
accuracy, fluency, frequency, privacy
-ness：
awareness, coldness, weakness
動詞後綴
-ate:
concentrate, accelerate, advocate, regulate
-(e)n:
broaden, fasten, frighten, sharpen, strengthen, darken, deepen, harden, lengthen
-(i)fy：
satisfy, clarify, classify, identify, qualify, simplify, terrify
-ize / -ise:
apologize, organize, realize, recognize
名詞後綴（人）
-ar / -er / -or：
conductor, director, engineer, beggar, employer, instructor, interviewer, lawyer, liar
-ist：
artist, novelist, specialist, tourist, pianist, scientist, violinist
-ant ：
accountant, assistant, servant
02
前綴
anti- 反對，對抗；相反；防(止)：
anti-aging, anti-anxiety, anti-virus, antifreeze
dis- 不，否定，相反：
disadvantage, discourage, dishonest, dislike, disorder
il- / im- / in- / ir- 不，非，無：
illegal, impatient, impossible, inexpensive, immoral, inconvenient, irregular
mis- 錯誤的；壞的；不，相反：
misfortune, misunderstand, mislead, mistrust
non- 無，不，非：
nonprofit, nonsense, nonsmoking, nonstop, non-recycling
un- 不；表示相反的動作：
unable, unexpected, unfortunate, unusual, unfair, unforgettable, unnecessary
co- 和……一起，共同：
cooperate, co-discover, co-renter, co-worker
en- 使處於……狀態，使具有……特性；圍住：
enable, encourage, enjoy, endanger, enlarge, enrich, ensure
extra- 在……之外，超出；非常，格外：
extraordinary, extra-large, extra-strong
inter- 在……之間，相互：
interrupt, interview, interaction, international, Internet, interval
micro-極小的，微小的：
microbiology, microphone, microscope, microwave
mini- (同類中) 特小的，微型的：
minibus, minicomputer, miniskirt
multi-多於一的，多的：
multimedia, multinational, multitask
pre- 在……之前，預先：
predict, prejudice, prepaid, preview
re- 再，重新：
remind, remove, replace, return, review, react, reaction
tele- 遠 (距離) 的；電視的；使用電話的：
telephone, telescope, television, telesales
trans- 橫穿，橫貫；表示變化：
transform, translate, transport, transportation, transplant
