《高效能人士的七个习惯》精读 Episode 1

写在前面

最近因为疫情和个人(隔三岔五小病)的关系,一直没有更新。但是主要的还是在想应该去选取怎样的素材。我还是秉承语言必须要承载内容的原则,希望我们读到手的东西是对我们有意义的。一来它符合语言学习规律,有意义的输入才是有效的输入。二来它也是我们学习语言的目的,获取新的认知。而与此同时,我还奢望这个材料是我们过了三年五年,甚至十年二十年,回头再看,还是有用的东西。因此我决定精读一本书,把书本中觉得最有价值的部分选取出来,进行详细的解读。而前后的内容放在导读中或者别的地方带过。导读部分一般会安排一个思考性的问题,带着问题去速读原文,然后再从字词入手进行仔细分析,碰到长难句就分析句子结构,特别是意群的切割,我们不必囿于语法的术语,但需要清楚怎样去抓取这个长难句的信息。最后我们回到整体段落,进行复习,同时也把握整个段落的内容。


导读

这次我们来阅读《高效能人士的七个习惯》(豆瓣评分8.4)。以下选段来自于著名的企业管理专家和畅销书作家吉姆·科林斯(Jim Collins)给作者史蒂芬·柯维(Stephen Covey)写的序。科林斯获得过斯坦福大学商学院杰出教学奖,他写过一本书叫作《基业长青》。在以下段落里,科林斯从他自己对企业的研究入手,谈到柯维对个人效能(personal effectiveness)的研究。两人研究的背后有着共通的原则。阅读时我们可以思考:一家企业如何能基业长青?一个人呢?


原文

My own research quest has focused on the question, “What makes a great company tick--why do some companies make the leap from the good to great (while others don’t), why do some become built to last(while others fall), and why do some thrive in chaos?” One of our key findings is the idea of “Preserve the Core/Stimulate Progress”; no enterprise can become or remain truly great without a core set of principles to preserve, to build upon, to serve as an anchor, to provide guidance in the face of an ever changing world. At the same time, no company can remain great without stimulating the progress--change, renewal, improvement and the pursuit of BHAGs(Big Hairy Audacious Goals). When you blend these two together--Preserve the Core AND Stimulate Progress--you get a magical dialectic that keeps a company or organization vibrant over time. Convey found a similar pattern in personal effectiveness: first build upon a strong core of principles that are not open for continuous change; at the same time, be relentless in the quest for improvement and continuous self-renewal. This dialectic enables an individual to retain a rock solid foundation and attain sustained growth for a lifetime.


词句解析

My own research quest has focused on the question, “What makes a great company tick--why do some companies make the leap from the good to great (while others don’t), why do some become built to last(while others fall), and why do some thrive in chaos?”


quest:名词,表示追求。常构成quest for,表示对……的追求。也可以作动词。

【例】My quest for a better bank continues. 我继续在搜寻一家更好的银行。


what makes sb tick

造成某人有某种表现的原因。其中tick基本含义为(钟表)发出滴答声,也可以表示运转。本句可以理解为:是什么使得一家伟大的公司运转的?即一家伟大的公司为什么会是伟大的?破折号进行解释说明,把这个问题拆分成了三个小问题。

【例】It’s hard to say what makes him tick. 很难说他为什么是这样一个人。


leap:名词,表示跳跃,跨越。也可作动词。常用作比喻意义。文中即为比喻意义。

【例】Few people successfully make the leap from television to the movies. 从电视业转向电影业很少有人成功。


last:它的用法很多,这里作动词,表示持续存在。和括号中的fall构成反义词。

【例】This weather won't last. 这种天气持续不了多久。


fall:动词,最常见含义为跌倒,落下,此处含义为衰败,灭亡。

【例】A great civilization fell in less than a century. 一个伟大的文明不到一个世纪就衰亡了。


thrive in chaos:动词短语,表示在混乱中蓬勃发展。其中thrive为动词,表示蓬勃发展,茁壮成长。chaos为名词,表示混乱。

【例】New businesses thrive in this area. 新商家在这一地区蓬勃兴起。

【例】The house was in chaos after the party. 聚会后,房子里一片狼藉。


参考译文:我的研究侧重以下问题:“一家公司何以成其伟大?为什么有些公司能从优秀走向卓越(有些却不能?)为什么有些能屹立不倒(有些却衰败了)?为什么有些公司能在乱局中蓬勃壮大起来?”


One of our key findings is the idea of “Preserve the Core/Stimulate Progress”; no enterprise can become or remain truly great without a core set of principles to preserve, to build upon, to serve as an anchor, to provide guidance in the face of an ever changing world.


Preserve the Core:动词短语,表示保留核心。其中preserve为动词,表示保留,保存。core为名词,表示核心,精髓。分号后面的core为形容词,表示核心( 信念、价值、原则等)。

【例】a perfectly preserved 14th century house 保存完好的14世纪宅第

【例】the core of the argument 争论的核心


Stimulate Progress:动词短语,表示促进进步,激发进步。

其中stimulate为动词,表示促进,激发。

【例】The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。


without:介词,表示不,无,没。在句中常和否定词连用,构成...no/not...without...双重否定,来强调without后面内容的重要性。文中即为...no...without...结构。

【例】You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs. 你不可能不打破鸡蛋就做成煎蛋卷。


serve as:动词短语,表示产生…的效果(或结果)。

【例】The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others. 法官说这种惩罚将起到杀一儆百的作用。


anchor:名词,最常见含义为锚。这里表示给以安全感的人(或物);精神支柱;顶梁柱。

【例】the anchor of the family 全家的顶梁柱


in the face of:介词短语,表示面对。后面常常跟问题,困难等。

【例】She showed great courage in the face of danger. 面对危险她表现出了巨大的勇气。


ever:副词,表示不断地;总是;始终。

【例】an ever-present danger 始终存在的危险


参考译文:研究结果发现,其中一个关键是“坚持核心,激发进步”。面对一个不断变化的世界,如果没有能值得坚守、赖以发展、作为支柱、提供指导的一套核心原则,一家企业无法成就亦或保持真正的卓越。


At the same time, no company can remain great without stimulating the progress--change, renewal, improvement and the pursuit of BHAGs(Big Hairy Audacious Goals).

renewal:名词,表示改进,复兴。其动词形式为renew。

【例】urban renewal 市区改造


the pursuit of:名词短语,表示对……的追求(通常是追求一个美好的目标)。和前文the quest for互为近义词组。注意各自的介词搭配。pursuit的动词形式为pursue。

【例】the pursuit of happiness对幸福的追求


hairy:形容词,从构词法上可以看出其中一个含义,表示多毛的。但是在本文中表示的含义是惊险的,冒险的。

【例】Driving on icy roads can be pretty hairy. 在结冰的道路上开车很惊险。


audacious:形容词,表示大胆的。和daring互为近义词。

【例】an audacious decision 大胆的决定


参考译文:同时,如果一家公司没有激发进步(的体系),就无法保持卓越。这个体系包括对改变、改进、提高和BHAG理念(宏伟的,冒险的,大胆的目标)的追求。


When you blend these two together--Preserve the Core AND Stimulate Progress--you get a magical dialectic that keeps a company or organization vibrant over time.

blend:动词,常见含义为(使)混合,这里表示(使)调和,融合。常用blend sth. together/blend together sth.结构。

【例】Blend together the eggs, sugar and flour. 把鸡蛋、糖和面粉掺到一起。(使混合)

【例】The old and new buildings blend together perfectly. 新旧建筑物相映成趣。(融合)


magical:形容词,常见含义为有魔法的,这里表示奇妙的。

【例】a truly magical feeling 真正奇妙的感情


dialectic:名词,表示(两种力量或因素的)对立统一。它也可以表示哲学上的辩证法。

【例】the dialectics of class struggle and of socioeconomic change阶级斗争和社会经济变化的对立统一


vibrant:形容词,表示充满生机的。

【例】a vibrant city 充满生机的城市


参考译文:当你把坚持核心和激发进步这两点相结合,你就会得到长期保持公司或组织活力的奇妙的二元结构。


Convey found a similar pattern in personal effectiveness: first build upon a strong core of principles that are not open for continuous change; at the same time, be relentless in the quest for improvement and continuous self-renewal.


pattern:名词,表示模式,方式。

【例】changing patterns of behaviour 行为变化模式


personal effectiveness:名词短语,表示个人效能。这是整本书的关键词,它的核心就是怎样提高个人效能。


continuous:形容词,表示不断的,连续的。可联想到动词continue(继续)进行记忆。

【例】The rain has been continuous since this morning. 从早上到现在这雨就没停过。


relentless:形容词,表示坚持不懈的。

【例】Relentless in his pursuit of quality, his technical ability was remarkable. 由于对质量的坚持不懈的追求,他的技术能力非同凡响。


参考译文:柯维在个人效能方面找到了相似结构:首先要建立一套不会随着外部的不断变化而更改的强有力的核心原则;同时坚持不懈追求进步和持续的自我提升。


This dialectic enables an individual to retain a rock solid foundation and attain sustained growth for a lifetime.

retain:动词,表示保有。

【例】to retain your independence 保持独立


a rock solid foundation:名词短语,表示坚如磐石的基础。其中rock本身表示岩石,巨石块。rock solid表示稳固的,坚如磐石的。

【例】The support for the party was rock solid. 这一政党得到了坚定的支持。


attain:动词,表示(通常经过努力)获得,得到。

【例】Most of our students attained five “A” grades in their exams. 我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。


sustained growth:名词短语,表示持续成长。其中sustained是动词sustain的过去分词形式,sustain表示使保持;使稳定持续。衍生词sustainable表示可持续的,例如可持续增长sustainable growth。

【例】a period of sustained economic growth 经济持续增长的时期


这种二元结构会让人拥有坚如磐石的基础,并在一生中都获得持续的成长。


回顾原文&把握整段

①My own research quest has focused on the question, “What makes a great company tick--why do some companies make the leap from the good to great (while others don’t), why do some become built to last(while others fall), and why do some thrive in chaos?”②One of our key findings is the idea of “Preserve the Core/Stimulate Progress”; no enterprise can become or remain truly great without a core set of principles to preserve, to build upon, to serve as an anchor, to provide guidance in the face of an ever changing world. ③At the same time, no company can remain great without stimulating the progress--change, renewal, improvement and the pursuit of BHAGs(Big Hairy Audacious Goals).④When you blend these two together--Preserve the Core AND Stimulate Progress--you get a magical dialectic that keeps a company or organization vibrant over time. ⑤Convey found a similar pattern in personal effectiveness: first build upon a strong core of principles that are not open for continuous change; at the same time, be relentless in the quest for improvement and continuous self-renewal. ⑥This dialectic enables an individual to retain a rock solid foundation and attain sustained growth for a lifetime.

在这一段落中,作者把公司和个人进行类比。从他自己的研究入手,第一句话提出问题:是什么造就了一家公司的卓越?第二句和第三句讲研究发现,原来有一个关键是“Preserve the Core/Stimulate Progress”(坚持核心,激发进步),并分别对其中的这两点进行了展开论述。第四句话讲述这样做的结果。第五句讲述柯维对个人效能的发现,其核心理念和运营一家卓越的公司的理念相仿:找到并坚持可持续的核心原则,同时在变化的环境中大胆改变不断提升。


本段结构为:

①-④一家公司走向卓越的核心理念

⑤-⑥提升个人效能的核心理念