今天，我们将对英语中的过去完成时进行学习和总结~喜欢的小伙伴们赶紧关注吧，记得留言和分享哦~
过去完成时的定义
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。
过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由“助动词had（无人称和数的变化）+过去分词”构成。
肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词...
He had read it.
否定句：主语 + had + not + 过去分词...
He had not read it.
疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词...?
Had he read it?
过去完成时的用法
1.表示在过去某一时间之前（也称为“过去的过去”）已经发生或完成的动作。常与其连用的状语为：before, just, ever, never, hardly, yet, already, as soon as, by/before+段时间等等。
As soon as the truck
had moved, he jumped onto it.那卡车刚一起动，他就跳了上去。
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到爱迪生10岁的时候，他已给自己建了一个实验室。
By the end of last term, we had already learned 20 new English songs.
到上学期末，我们已经学会了20首新英文歌。
2.表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作。
When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
当我来到电影院时，电影已经开始了。
After he had finished his own work, he went to help the others.
他做完自己的工作后就去帮助其他人。
3.用于宾语从句中。
过去完成时多见于宾语从句中。一般说来，主句中用了know（知道），realize（意识到），think（认为），suppose（猜想），guess（推测），find（找到），discover（发现），decide（决定），remember（想起），forget（忘记）等动词的一般过去时，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时：
We realized we had lost our way.
我们意识到我们迷路了。
4.用于间接引语中。
过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式，在间接引语中多有这种情况：
Helen said (that) she had moved to another flat.
海伦说她已搬 到另一套房间去了。
He said he had been there before.
他说他曾经去过那里。
5.表示未曾达到的意图、希望或想法。
这类动词有：think（认为），hope（希望），plan（计划），expect（期望），suppose（猜想）等等。
I had hoped to have a trip to Xi'an.
我曾经希望去西安玩一次。
She had expected to buy a car.
她曾盼望买一辆车。
6.用于虚拟语气。
过去完成时的这一用法，常见于以if only等引导的感叹句：
If only we had listened to their advice!
我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!
If only you had worked with Mike!
你要是和麦克一起工作该多好!
过去进行时的常用句型
1.过去完成时+when/before/by the time+一般过去时
She had had everything done before he came.
她在他到来以前把所有的事情都安排好了。
They had finished building the bridge by the time the rainy season came.
他们在雨季到来时已经把这座桥建成。
2.一般过去时+after/until+过去完成时
He didn't go home until he had done his homework.
他做完了作业才回家去。
She went to her office after she had taken a cup of coffee.
她仅喝了杯咖啡便去上班了。
3.过去完成时+by/till+过去的时间
She had typed the whole article by the midnight.
到子夜时分，她打完了整篇文章。
I had reached a small village till the next day.
到了第二天，我才赶到一个小村子。
4.Hardly+had+主语+过去分词+when+主语+一般过去时
Hardly had the students finished the finals when they began to play football.
同学们期末考试一结束，便去踢足球了。
Hardly had he had a piece of bread when he went on working.
他吃了一片面包，便继续干了起来。
5.No sooner+had+主语+过去分词+than+主语+一般过去时
No sooner had she come into the roon than she began to clean the table.
她一进屋便开始擦桌子。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
简单英语，快乐英语，尽在学府英语！
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