睿丁君荐读：这篇文章来源于Quora，解释一个问题：既然小说里的吸血鬼并不能伤害到我，为什么我会觉得害怕？既然小说是虚构了，为什么会对现实中的人产生影响？
不出意外地，回答有点偏题了。你问的并不是你需要知道的，这可能是因为，有时候我们产生了一个疑问，但回答往往并不是唯一的，且这个疑惑可能来源于某部分知识的缺乏。所以说，作者的精彩回答尽管有偏离，但不影响我们去理解——主观文学对客观现实的影响。
p.s.中英文对照是为了方便学习，当然如果大多数读者想要中英文分离，可以提议在评论区。
电影和现实
Because fiction beats reality.
小说胜过现实
Here’s an example.
这里有一个例子。
Imagine you are the Nazis. You want to kill all the Jews. What is stopping you?
想象你是个纳粹，你想杀掉所有的犹太人。什么阻止了你这么做？
如果你是纳粹，你怎么实现屠杀犹太人？
Public opinion.
舆论——水也载舟，亦能覆舟。
Yes, even when you’re the Nazis you can’t just do whatever you like. For example, in 1938, the Nazis had carried out a pogrom known as Kristallnacht.
是的，即时你是纳粹你也不能随心所欲。举个例子，在1938年，纳粹制造了一个名叫水晶之夜（Kristallnacht，又译帝国水晶之夜、砸玻璃窗之夜、碎玻璃之夜、十一月大迫害）的大屠杀。
Kristallnacht 水晶之夜
Hitler regarded it as a political disaster. The brutality of Kristallnacht provoked a massive backlash internationally. Even in Germany there was horror at the violence. The German people were not ready to accept massacres of Jews.
希特勒视之为政治迫害。水晶之夜的残暴行径引起了国际社会的强烈反响。即使在德国，人们对暴行也是感到恐惧的。德国人并没有准备好屠杀犹太人。
So, what did the Nazis have to do?
所以，纳粹应该怎么做？
Change public opinion.
改变舆论。（名不正则言不顺）
They needed to produce propaganda that ‘explained the world’ in such a way that rather than the Nazis calling on the German people to attack Jews, the German people themselves would call for violence against Jews.
他们需要以“解释世界”的名义来进行宣传，而不是纳粹号令德国人去攻击犹太人。德国群众会自己呼吁对犹太人实现暴力。
To do that, Hitler wanted to make films that just directly attacked Jews comparing them to things like rats and smallpox (one was made called The Eternal Jew).
为了实现这一点，希特勒意图制作一部直接攻击犹太人的电影，把他们比作一种诸如老鼠和天花的可恶东西。（一部叫做《永恒的犹太人》的电影诞生了）
就是这部电影《永恒的犹太人》
Goebbels though was much cleverer. He knew crude attacks wouldn't work, because people just don’t want to watch pictures of rats while someone rants about Jewish inferiority, which is all The Eternal Jew amounted to.
戈培尔就聪明多了。他知道粗鲁地攻击没有效果，因为人们就是不想看老鼠的照片正如人们抱怨犹太人的劣根性，就是《永恒的犹太人》所有的内容。
Goebbels realised that something more subtle was required, something that got across its antisemitic messages but with an engaging story and popular appeal.
戈培尔意识到需要一些更微妙地东西，一些贯穿着反犹太气息但是有引人入胜的故事情节，和时下的吸引力。
Which resulted in Jud Süß a movie produced with the express purpose of stoking anti-semitism in the German population, but on the face of it a romantic comedy.
这导致了《一个犹太人的故事》的诞生，在德国人群中煽起了反犹太风，尽管在表面它只是一个浪漫喜剧片。
Jud Süß 一个犹太人的故事
What? How can a romantic comedy result in the Holocaust?
什么？一部浪漫戏剧如何导致大屠杀？
Because what is the plot of a romantic comedy? Boy meets girl. And then ‘something’ keeps boy and girl apart.
浪漫喜剧的情节是什么？男孩遇到女孩。然后“一些东西”让他们分离开。
The something in this case being ‘A Jew’, who also just so happens to be a physically repulsive rapist and murderer who hates non-Jews and wheedles his way into a position of power before being unmasked and destroyed. The film's antisemitic message is integral to the plot and presented dramatically, not as a lecture.
在这个情况下，“一些东西”就是“一个犹太人”，他正好是一个样貌丑恶的强奸犯和杀人犯，憎恨非犹太人，在被揭露和毁灭之前，通过欺诈的方式谋取权位。这部电影的反犹太信息充斥在整个情节中，并以戏剧性的方式呈现出来，而不是作为一场演讲。
Jew Süß premiered at the Venice Film Festival, receiving rave reviews, winning prizes and became a massive box-office success in Germany and abroad.
《一个犹太人的故事》在威尼斯电影节上首映，获得好评如潮，赢得奖项，并在德国内外获得巨大的票房成功。
What effect do you think that had? Nothing much, right? It’s just fiction after all.
你认为这能有多大的影响？没多大，对吧？这毕竟是小说。
Ask yourself, do people decide what they think about Jews by reading White Papers and statistical reports?
问问你自己，人们是通过阅读白皮书和统计报告来决定他们对犹太人的看法吗？
No. One fictional portrayal of a dirty Jewish schemer defiling ‘our’ women and getting his comeuppance at the hands of ‘us’ trumps a thousand professors producing reports showing that Jews aren’t causing any problems.
不是，一个肮脏犹太阴谋家玷污了我们女人，然后在我们手中得到应有的后果，这样的虚构描述胜过一千名教授的报告称，表明犹太人没有造成任何问题。
Fundamentally, this is the logical fallacy of anecdotal evidence, a way of tricking us so common that most people can’t even recognise it.
从根本上说，这是道听途说的逻辑谬误，是一种欺骗我们的方式，这种欺骗是如此普遍，以至于大多数人甚至都辨别不出来。
It’s for good reason that Goebbels called fiction the “vanguard of the Nazi military”.
戈培尔称小说为“纳粹军队的先锋”是有充分理由的。
And, finally, you think this doesn’t happen any more?
最后，你认为这不会再发生了吗?
Ask yourself which countries the bad guys are from in the movies you watch.
扪心自问，在你看的电影里，坏人来自哪个国家?
Then ask yourself what you know about those countries that doesn’t come from movies.
然后问问自己，你对那些国家真实的人（不是来自电影里的人）了解多少？
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