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For most people when they drink alcohol, it can make them feel moreconfident and comfortable.
每当人们喝酒，大多数的人总会感到更有自信与放松。
But for me, drinking makes me feel less confident and uncomfortable.That's because thanks to my DNA, alcohol makes my skin turn red.
但是对我来说，喝酒完全不是这么一回事。这都要归功于我的 DNA，酒精会让我脸红。
It's called the Asian Flush. And it affects about 36% of North East Asianswith higher rates among Asian Americans.
这种现象被称为「东方潮红」。有大约 36% 的东北亚洲人深受其苦，而这现象在亚裔美国人中更常见。
I guess we should probably show you what it looks like.
我想我直接来示范给你们看好了。
"For Science!" "For Science!"
"敬 实验精神"！"敬 实验精神"！
"Are we slamming this is happening?"
我们是在抨击正在发生的事情吗？
"If I know that I'm gonna need to take pictures that I'll drink less until thesepictures are over and then I'll go back to normal pace."
每当我得拍照时，我一定会少喝酒，直到拍完照之后，我再回到我正常的喝酒速度。
People tend to assume that a red face means that we're drunk, but that's amyth. These are completely separate processes.
人们总认为当你喝酒脸红就代表你醉了，但是这一点事实根据都没有。脸红与酒醉其实没有什么关联。
Facial flushing whether from embarrassment, or exercise, or alcohol. . . Ithappens when the blood vessels under the surface of the skin dilate. And inthe case of Asian flush, this is part of an immune response.
不论脸红是因为尴尬、运动或是酒精等等原因，都是因为我们肌肤下的血管肿胀而造成的反应。而「东方潮红」则是免疫系统在作祟。
The body is detecting a threat. The threat isn't the alcohol itself, but asubstance that our livers produce while breaking down alcohol.
我们的身体感受到了威胁，但是这份威胁并非酒精本身，而是来自于肝释出了一种能够分解酒精的物质。
"For me at least, the warmth starts in my chest and then it moves its wayup."
"我会感受到一股暖流从我的胸口向上蔓延"。
"My cheeks are warm, my ears are warm."
"我的脸变热了，我的耳朵也变热了"。
"It's weird. It's like my eyes are almost puffy."
"这种感觉很奇怪，像是我的眼睛会肿起来"。
"Ahh I do feel like they got puffy."
"啊，我也会感到双眼肿胀。"
When people drink ethanol, that's the chemical name for booze. The livergets rid of it using two main enzymes. The first reacts with the ethanolmolecule to produce a substance called acetaldehyde.
当人们摄取乙醇（酒精的化学学名），肝会透过两种「酶」来排掉酒精。第一种酶会和乙醇分子产生化学反应，进而生成「乙醛」。
And the second quickly turns acetaldehyde into acetate, which is similar tovinegar and easy for the body to eliminate.
而第二种酶此时会快速地将乙醛变成乙酸酯。乙酸酯的功能和醋很相似，可以轻易地从人体排出。
It's that second enzyme that really screws things up for people with Asianflush.
而惹人厌的「东方潮红」便是于第二种酶作用时伴随而来的反应。
If you look inside our DNA, you'll find that the gene providing theinstructions for that enzyme was tweaked at some point in our history. Andthat gene mutation produces an inactive enzyme.
仔细看我们的DNA，你会发现本该和第二种酶合作的基因，在某段时间就这么变形扭曲了。而这基因在变种之后所生成的酶变得不活跃了。
So when we drink our bodies accumulate acetaldehyde at a level about 6times higher than normal people.
所以当我们在喝酒时，我们身体里所累积的乙醇要比正常值高出六倍。
If acetaldehyde sounds familiar that maybe because it's similar toformaldehyde. It's toxic. That's why it triggers the immune responds.
你可能觉得乙醇似曾相识，那是因为他和甲醛一样，有毒。这就是为什么我们的免疫系统会产生反应。
And the red face is really the least of it. After having that one beer, I didn'tfeel tipsy at all, but my heart rate doubled. My eyes were bloodshot, andwithin half hour I had a headache.
脸红其实还不算什么，只不过是喝了一杯啤酒。尽管我一点都不觉得晕，我的心跳加速了，我的眼睛胀红，而不到一个小时我会头痛。
Even worse, acetaldehyde can cause cancer. It's a problem because peoplecan actually develop a tolerance to Asian flush and that allows them todrink pretty heavily.
更惨的是，乙醛会导致癌症。麻烦的是人们可以逐渐地适应东方潮红所带来的不适，而这也导致他们喝得更多。
Studies have shown that heavy drinking raises the risk of esophageal cancerfor everyone, but especially for people with Asian flush.
根据研究显示，酗酒会提高罹患食道癌的风险，尤其是有着「东方潮红」的人。
So it's potentially problematic that alcohol consumption in Asia has beenincreasing, especially in China.
所以亚洲人喝酒比例的上升隐含着潜在的风险，特别是在中国。
So if you have an Asian flush, be careful. Your body is freaking out for areason. And if you don't flush… just don't expect us to keep up with you.And also. . .
所以如果你有「东方潮红」，你要小心，你的身体其实是在发出警讯。但是如果你没有这个问题...那么，别太常揪我们去喝酒。还有啊...
"You don't have to bring it up every time, like, yes I know you're red."
"你其实不需要每次都提到我喝酒会脸红"。
"I know this, thanks, awesome."
"我知道，谢谢，太棒了（无奈脸）"。
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