中华民族是一个历史悠久、民族众多的国家，在几千年的历史文明进程中，智慧的人们在创新中改善着栖息居住环境，颇具特色的民居建筑也在中华大地上熠熠生辉。
China has a long history and quite many nationalities. In the thousands of years’ civilization history, wise people have creatively improved the dwelling environment, and therefore folk houses of distinctive features are impressive in China.
客家围龙屋与北京的四合院、陕西的窑洞、广西的“杆栏式”、云南的“一颗印”形成了中国五大特色民居建筑。
The walled house of the Hakkas, quadrangle courtyard of Beijing, the cave dwelling of Shaanxi, the house on stilts of Guangxi and the “one-seal” folk house of Yunnan are five feature folk house types in China.
“一颗印”式民居是由汉、彝先民共同创造，是最早在昆明地区流行起来的“特色品牌”建筑模式。
“One-Seal” folk house was created by Han and Yi ancestors together, and it was the earliest “feature brand” architectural type popular in Kunming.
三间两耳倒八尺冬暖夏凉的“一颗印”
“One-Seal” Folk House with Three Principal Rooms,
Two Wing Rooms, and 8-Foot Porch is Warm in Winter and Cool in Summer
“一颗印”式民居的基本规则为“三间两耳倒八尺”。平面近乎正方形，正房三间两层，两厢为耳房，组成四合院；中间一小天井，门廊又称倒座，进深为八尺，整体方形如印章，故称“一颗印”。
The basic rule of the “One-Seal” folk house is “three principal rooms, two wing rooms and 8-foot porch”. The plane is nearly square, the principal rooms are two-storey, and the wing rooms are at both ends, all of which comprise a quadrangle dwelling; a small courtyard is in the middle, and the porch has the 8-foot depth. The whole square building resembles a seal, so it is called “one-seal” folk house.
云南滇中高原地区，四季如春、无严寒、但多风、多雨。高墙型小窗是为了挡风沙和防火；小天井设计，促成阴凉，便于采光，且挡住太阳强光直射；而正房与厢房屋顶不一样高，错开设计，有助于雨水的排出。
The plateau area in Central Yunnan has the climate like spring throughout the year, and it has no cold winter but pretty much wind and rain. The high and small windows are to keep out wind, sand and fire; the small courtyard is to form shade, facilitate lighting and block strong sunshine exposure; the principal rooms have different heights from that of wing rooms, and this design facilitates drainage of rainwater.
“一颗印”式的昆明古民居建筑，历经千百年的发展，传承和延续了先人的建筑思想和建造技艺。跑马转角楼是其特色，“天圆地方,四平八稳”的传统观念已深入建筑的骨髓。
After hundreds of years’ development, the “One-Seal” ancient folk house in Kunming has carried forward and extended our ancestors’ architectural concepts and skills. The corner building is the feature, and the “round heaven and square earth and stable features” traditional concepts have taken deep roots in buildings.
“一颗印”可单幢，也可联幢；可豪华，也能简朴，是千百年来是滇池地区最普遍、最温馨的平民住宅。
The “one-seal” folk house may be alone or connected; they may be luxurious or simple. They are the most prevalent and comfortable residential buildings for civilians in the Dianchi Basin for thousands of years.
云南大地上的“玉玺” 其乐融融一家亲
Harmonious Family in “One-Seal” Folk Houses in Yunnan
在云南大地上，截留蓝色碧空下方方正正的一片天空，盖下一颗印章形成了“一颗印”，在这样的宅子里，老昆明人开始了世辈的生活。
Kunming people in the past lived in the “one-seal” house for generations in Yunnan.
一户人家几代人住在一起，三代同堂或者四代同堂，其乐融融。老昆明还流传着这样的顺口溜：一家炸鱼全院香，一家有事全院忙；一家吵架全院劝，一家被偷全院乱。
Generations of people in one household live together. They may be three or four generations living happily together. A tongue twister says in the past in Kunming that the fried fish of one family is smelt by all people in the folk house, one family in trouble is helped by all, the quarrel of one family is advised by all, and if one family is stolen, the whole house is in a chaos.
“一颗印”里，有血脉相连的大家庭扯不断的根，也有远亲不如近邻的亲切和热闹。
In the “one-seal” folk house, extended families share the same root, and a good brother is better than a brother far away.
“一颗印”的房屋都具有浓浓乡土气息，反映了当地居民的文化习俗，是昆明多民族文化与传统习俗相互碰撞的产物。
The “one-seal” folk house has intense local atmosphere, and it reflects culture and customs of local residents, because it is the product of the collision between multi-ethnic culture and traditional customs in Kunming.
“一颗印”是昆明人生生不息的住所，是他们的归依，是他们生命中不可缺少的一部分。
The “one-seal” folk house is the dwelling place, the spiritual attachment and indispensible part in the life of Kunming people.
且赏且观 即将消失的“一颗印”
Appreciate the Rare “One-Seal” House
在旧时，昆明的城乡间，无论汉族还是其他少数民族的百姓都喜爱建盖经济、实惠的“一颗印”式民居。然而，岁月无痕,流年沧桑，密集的古建筑群已经消失了。
In the past, no matter in urban or rural areas in Kunming, economical and practical “one-seal” folk houses were very popular among civilians of Han Nationality and ethnic groups. However, as time flies, the crowded ancient building complex has gone.
昆明市中心的老房子已经有一百五十年的历史，一砖一瓦，几乎没有重修过。这家典型的一颗印建筑，目前在商家的改造下，变成了一间具有老昆明独特气质的老房子酒家，除了古韵味，每日还有香味萦绕鼻尖，音乐盘旋空中。
The old house in downtown of Kunming has a history of 150 years, and it is what it was without restoration. It is a typical one-seal building. Now the merchant has renovated it into an old house restaurant with its unique features. In addition to its lasting charm, the house has aroma of food and melodious music.
建造于1923年的马家大院，为“四合五天井”、“走马转角楼”的砖木建筑。建筑集木雕、石刻等工艺为一体，雕梁画栋，工艺精湛。
Ma’s Courtyard built in 1923 is the brick-wood building featured in “four principal houses and five courtyards” and “corner building”. The building includes wood carving, stone carving, etc. with exquisite workmanship.
目前昆明“一颗印”建筑还有南北光华街、景星街，东西钱王街、甬道街区等，以及一些偏僻的农村中还依稀可见。但大多都已非民居。
Now “one-seal” buildings are in South and North Guanghua Street, Jingxing Street, East and West Qianwang Street, Yongdao Street, etc. and some are in remote rural areas. However, most of them are not folk houses.
位于昆明市广福路的云南省博物馆以“一颗印”为雏形设计的新展馆，荣获中国建筑工程鲁班奖。
Yunnan Province Museum is located in Guangfu Road, Kunming City. The new exhibition hall with “one-seal “as the design prototype wins the Luban Prize for Construction Project of China.
于昆明，四季花开之城，
寻“一颗印”亘古不变的永恒魅力。
Look for the eternal charm of “one-seal” houses in Kunming,
the city having flourishing flowers throughout the year.
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