英语中的动词不定式是什么意思?什么情况下用不定式?

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动词不定式是非谓语动词之一,其形式为to+动词原形。不定式有将来意,有要做而未做的意味。

莎翁的戏剧《Hamlet》里有一名句:

To be or not to be, that's a question.
生存或毁灭,这是个问题。

To be or not to be, 就是典型的不定式当名词用,作that的同位语。

动词不定式有三种用法,当名词用,当形容词用,当副词用。

名词用法

名词可作主语,宾语或表语。

做主语

  • To be the first every time is difficult.

  • 每次都考第一是不容易的。

当然更常用的方式是用it作形式主语。

It is difficult to be the first every time.

It作形式主语的例子就很多了。

  • It is dangerous for the children to walk around alone.

  • 让小孩子自己随处走是危险的。

注意否定的用法,Not to+动词原形

  • Not to be rude is the first step of being polite.

  • 不粗鲁是有礼貌的第一步。

  • Not to depend on others is the key to success.

  • 不依赖他人是成功的关键。

做宾语

  • I like to eat apple.

  • 我喜欢吃苹果。To eat apple是like的宾语。

因为是名词,所以和动名词的意义一样,I like eating apple.

  • The problem is where to find a doctor. It is deep in night.

  • 问题是哪里去找个医生。现在是深夜。

  • My daughter is so naughty. I don’t know whether to laugh or cry.
  • 我的女儿很调皮。我不知道该笑还是该哭。

和not一样,where等疑问词也是直接加to前。

作表语

  • My only fault is to treat others too kind.

  • 我唯一的缺点是待人太好了。

  • Your task is to make 100 items before sunset.

  • 你的任务是在日落前完成100件。

形容词用法

  • Give me something to eat.

  • 给我一些吃的东西。

  • I don't have a chance to say hello to her in the party.

  • 在宴会上,我没有找到和她打招呼的机会。

有人会说,形容词不是一般都在动词前吗?这个to eat为什么在something后面呢。汉语语序和英语语序本来就不是完全对应的。在英语中,

例如,

  • a bird standing on a wire

  • 站在电线上的鸟儿

  • the clothes you wear at the party

  • 你想在宴会上穿的衣服

副词用法

主要是表目的。

  • She went to the store to buy clothes.

  • 她去商店买衣服。

to buy clothes表示的事went to the store的目的,所以是功能是状语。

  • He went to the cinema to watch The Wandering Earth.

  • 他去电影院看流浪地球。


英语学人


看了很多回答,似乎都不是特别简单明了。我想提问者可能更在意简单方便的理解方法吧。我试着来说说。

1,首先,不定式的基本标志就是to do。不要钻纠它怎么来的,你只需要记住不定式和分词,动名词一样属于“非谓语动词”即可。非谓语动词就说明这几类词不能单独用作谓语。比如我们可以说I love you(love做谓语),但是不能说I to love you(to love是不定式,不能做谓语)。

2,记住某些动词后面习惯用不定式做搭配。这些动词需要特殊记忆,比如persuade sb to do sth和ask sb to do sth等。

3,记住有些动词后面的不定式可以省略不定式标志to,此类动词用口诀记忆:make have, 看(watch);let, 听(hear),觉(feel),见(see);help后跟不定式有to无to你随便。口诀中的汉字是为了押韵好记。比如the teacher made us close our textbooks,此句close是个不定式,但是省略了to。

4,记住3中的动词如果用了被动形式,则to不能省略。比如we were made to close our textbooks。此句因为make用了被动形式were made,所以其后的不定式不能省略to。

5,记住不定式经常表示目的状语,也就是说事情还没发生呢,只是计划。凭这一点,我们可以解决很多题目。比如when you leave the room, remember_____the window. A. closing B. to close。此题答案是B。因为句子大意是~离开房间,记着_____窗户。窗户还没有关呢,所以只能填不定式,表示一个目标。


英语割一刀


想知道什么情况下用不定式,就必须记住的一些固定结构

(素材来自英语基础训练营课程)

要说好英语,以下一些固定结构必须牢牢的记住,就像是基本原理。可以说,这些是英语的“底部结构”。

<strong>

<strong>


to do.(去做某事)通常情况下都是这样,表示“去”做。

want to do,

like to do,

除了looking foward to doing表示朝着“什么东西”看,所以后面是名词。

此外还有一些。

ask sb to do,

want sb to do,

will do

典型错误:

You will always in my heart.

正确的是

You will be always in my heart.

研究其错误的逻辑,来自于“逐字逐句翻译”。

你会永远在我心中。You will always in my heart.

但是如果你是英语思维,就要知道,只要说了will就一定是do,他们俩总是形影不离的。

另外一个角度是:

be in/at/on : I am in the room.

must/can/would do

let sb do

Let us go!

make sb do

make him want to be a star.

hear/see sb do/doing sthg

help sb to do或者help sb do.

stop/prevent/bar/ban sb from doing sthg

be doing sthg:He is asking me questions.

be done: The book is found.

以上这些结构,实际上大家只要记住就行了,都不用管为什么。有时候英语学习就是这么简单粗暴……


英语兔


动词不定式就是用于表达“目的、下一步动作”,您可以翻看大神们给出的例句,就会很容易发现这个规律,无论做什么词性,无论什么结构中;动词不定式都是句子逻辑关系中的“目的,下一步要做的动作,

不定式的用法也很简单,只要按照叙述事情的发生前后关系就可以了。

To be or not to be 生或死;就是你有没有下一步。也可以看出目的性。


一句话精通语法


英语中“动词不定式”是非谓语动词的一种。

非谓语动词分为三种:

动词不定式(to do)

动词的现在分词(doing)

动词的过去分词(done)

那什么叫非谓语动词呢?顾名思义,非谓语动词就是不能做谓语的动词。它具有动词的含义,却有名词或者形容词的特征。所以在句子中,非谓语动词可以做主语(过去分词不能单独做主语)、表语、宾语(过去分词不能单独做宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。

下面我就“动词不定式”的用法归纳如下:

1.动词不定式做主语(谓语用第三人称单数形式,如果主语较长则用it做形式主语,将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.)

To see is to believe.

It's a bad habit to run after dinner.

2 做表语

The important things is to save lives.

3 做宾语

He likes to play with children.

4 做宾语补足语

He feels it happy to help others.

5 做定语

He is always the first one to come and the last to leave.

6 做状语

You are never too old to learn.(结果状语)


云中w漫步


在语法中,动词不定式是动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。它被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。

动词不定式的用法主要有以下几种:

一、作主语

例:It's so nice to hear your voice.

二、作表语

例: My work is to clean the room every day.

三、作定语

例:He had no money and no place.

四、作宾语

例:The driver failed to see the other car in time.  

五、作补足语

例:Father will not allow us to play on the street.

六、作状语

例:I work hard to pass the exam.(目的状语)

七、作独立成分或插入语

例:To tell you the truth,he doesn't quite agree with this idea. (不定式作插入语,动作主体不是句中的主语,只是说话者的附加说明)


泛娱记


不定式有时态语态变化,如:to be done, to be doing, to have done.不定式只是非谓语的一种,非谓语有三种基本形式,过去分词,现在分词和不定式。从时态上讲,过去分词代表过去,现在分词代表现在,不定式就是不确定的意思,只有将来才是不确定的,所以不定式代表将来。


英语帮帮


不定式是什么意思,不定式到底是怎么来的,下面这段文字将会告诉你不定式的起源。


在之前的文章中都提到了非谓语动词,知道了非谓语动词和动词原形的关系以及非谓语动词和谓语动词之间的区别,知道了非谓语动词的内涵是有“态”无“时”,本文将告诉大家非谓语动词常见的”三态“起源——动词不定态(to + V)、动词进行态(V+ing)、动词完成态(V+ed 形式)。

我们知道世界上一切事物都是有生有灭,从酝酿出生、到出生存续、到死亡消逝,一切事物都遵守着这样的自然法则,甚至连语言中的”动词“也不能例外。动词是动作的代称,无论这个动作是可以真实感知的肢体动作,还是不可感知的思维动作,也无论这个动作存续多么短暂或者持续多么长久,其都遵循着出生、存续、死亡这样的过程。如下图所示:

上图从左到右依次为:

1. 不定态(to do)表达了动作即将发生的状态;

2. 进行态(doing)表达了动作的发生且可感知的延续;

3. 完成态(done)表达了动作的结束。

从这里可以看出三大非谓语动词其实就是动作的三个阶段——出生、存续、结束,这就是非谓语动词的起源。

上图自上而下依次为:

1. 瞬态隶属于一般态,表达动作的存续转瞬即逝,感觉不到动作的延续;

2. 进行态相对于常态又称为非常态,表达动作存续介于瞬态和常态之间,可以感觉到动作的延续;

3. 常态相对于进行态/非常态而言,动作呈现了一种常态特性,即长期不变的动作状态或者事实。

这里我们也可以看出动词和时间的关系,上图完整地给出了英语动词的长度体系——从无穷小过度到无穷大,时间的长短决定了动词的状态,也就决定了动词的时态。

上图并未包含时间属性,只要结合具体的时间,就完成了英语16个核心时态的构造,关于英语的16个核心时态可以参看头条视频《英语思维课程 时态的原理》《英语动词的秘密》看完你就彻底明白动词不定式到底是什么意思了。


英语思维


首先说明“动词不定式”是一种非谓语动词。英语中的非谓语动词有四种: 不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。那么不定式在什么情况下用呢?这还得从什么情况下要用非谓语动词说起。我们知道,当我们说话时,在一句话中很可能会用到两个或好几个动词,而根据英语五种基本句,我们知道英语一个句子中只能有一个主谓结构,(即一个谓语动词),所以我们只能根据意义选择一个主要动词作谓语,其它动词根据情况来做其它成份,就成了非谓语动词了。例如: 学好英语是我们目前的一项重要任务。这句话中就有两个动词: 学learn,是is。根据句意“是”应该是主要动词,而“学好英语”为“是”的主语,我们就要用不定式了: To learn English well is one of our important task at present. 简单地说不定式可在句中做主语,宾语,宾补,表语,后置定语和状语。简单举几个例子: He decided to study English hard.(在谓语动词decide 后做宾语) The teacher asked the students to hand in their homework tomorrow.(宾补) Your task is to finish this job in time.(表语) Everyone has a chance to go to college(后置定语) He came here to see me. (目的状语)。记住,不定式是在句子已经有谓语动词的情况下,用来做其它成份的时候才用的。


张利平


英语中的动词不定式在英语是比较常见的。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。以下是动词不定时的用法解析。

  1)动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。

  【例如】

  To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.

  To do that implies taking responsibility.

  当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。

  【例如】

  It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.

  It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:

  a) It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)+( for/of sb.)+不定式

  【例如】

  It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.

  It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.

  It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.

  It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.

  b) It is+名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)+不定式

  It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.

  It is a pity to have to go without her.

  It is a glorious death to die for the people.

  c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)+不定式

  It takes me three hours to learn English each day.

  It took them half the night to get home in the snow.

  2)动词不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。

  【例如】

  The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.

  My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.

  The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.

  What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.

  3)动词不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语:

  afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。

  【例如】

  I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.

  My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.

  The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.

  She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.

  There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)

  A) making

  B) to make

  C) to have made

  D)shavingsmade

  mean后面一般加不定式,所以A和D可以排除。根据句意,他看起来非常生气,他想找麻烦,不定式的动作还没有实施,应用一般式,因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中;主语+动词+it+形容词+不定式。

  【例如】

  We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college. 使用这种句型的常见动词有:believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。

  4)“whword+不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why),以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语,其作用相当于一个从句,这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。

  常见的可以接这种动词不定式短语的动词有:

  know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover, explain, findout, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, observe, perceive, remember, think, understand, wonder等。

  【例如】

  I couldn’t decide which book to choose. I can tell youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year. “whword+不定式”结构除了作宾语外,还可以在句中作主语或者表语。

  【例如】

  When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plansintospractice.

  5)动词不定式作状语

  a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后,来强调这种目的。

  【例如】

  To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.

  Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.We must develop science and technology at high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.

  Insgroupsto get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.

  b)动词不定式表示结果,特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。

  【例如】

  I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.

  She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.No one is too old to learn.

  Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?

  c)动词不定式常用来修饰形容词,构成下列词组:be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。

  【例如】

  Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.

  It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.

  I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.

  6)动词不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语:ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。

  【例如】

  Because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.

  He asked you to call him at ten o’clock.


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