Why is Vietnam still so poor while Vietnamese work so hard?
越南人這麼勤勞，為什麼越南還這麼窮？
評論翻譯
Michael Modler, lives in Ho Chi Minh City
Answered Jan 17
This question may be a little bit naive.
First, having lived in Vietnam for several years, I would not describe the people here as “hard working.” Vietnam is indeed part of the Sinosphere, like South Korea and Japan, which are famous (or infamous?) for their fanatical work ethic. But the similarities with these societies are mainly in the realm of “high culture” (i.e. Confucian philosophy and values, artistic influence from China, etc). Otherwise, they are quite different. In terms of lifestyle, I would say Vietnam is actually closer to Southeast Asian countries like Thailand. People prefer a slow pace of life and want to spend a lot of time with family. I wouldn’t describe the Vietnamese as lazy, but most people are “working to live.” They don’t usually “live for work.”
這個問題或許有點幼稚。
首先，我在越南居住了幾年時間了，我不認為這裡的人們很勤勞。越南確實是漢字文化圈的一部分，就像韓國和日本，都以狂熱的職業道德而聞名。但是這些國家的相似之處只在於“高級文化”領域，即來自中國的儒家哲學和價值觀以及藝術影響。除此之外，這些國家是存在相當大差異的。就生活方式而言，我認為越南更接近東南亞國家如泰國。人們更喜歡慢的生活節奏，想花更多時間和家人在一起。我不會說越南人是懶惰的，但是大部分人都是為了生活而工作。他們一般不是為了工作而生活。
Three decades of war (1945–75) resulted massive lost opportunity to resume economic development in early post colonial era (to say nothing of the terrible physical destruction of the country and loss of life).
三十年的戰爭（1945-75）導致失去了在後殖民時代初期發展經濟的機遇，更別提戰爭帶來的巨大損失了
The victorious communist regime followed a Soviet style economic model based on central planning after the war, which resulted in famine, human exodus (“boat people”) and overall economic calamity from 1975–1986.
勝利的越共政權效仿蘇聯那樣的經濟模式（中央計劃），導致大饑荒，人口外流和總體的經濟災難（1975-1986）。
Until 1989, much of the government’s resources and attention were diverted to the occupation of Cambodia and a brief and destructive border war with China. Due to these conflicts, Vietnam was politically and economically isoated from ASEAN countries and China, as well as the US, which kept a trade embargo in place. A process of reform began in 1986, but real openness to trade and investment with neighboring countries and America did not begin until around 1994. By then, Vietnam’s economy was an impoverished shambles. Meanwhile many of her neighbors already had some solid industrial infrastructure in place and had joined global manufacturing supply chains.
直到1989年，很大一部分的政府資源和注意力都在佔領柬埔寨以及和中國發生的短暫而摧毀性的邊境戰爭上。由於這些衝突，越南在政治和經濟上受到東盟國家和中國的孤立，還有美國對越南實施貿易禁運。1986年越南開始改革，但是直到1994年才真正開始對鄰國和美國開放貿易和投資。當時，越南經濟一窮二白。同時很多鄰國已經建立了穩固的工業基建，加入了全球製造供應鏈。
Vietnam’s financial markets remain very small and primitive. With the stock market still in the “frontier” category (along with countries like Bulgaria, Bangladesh and Nigeria). A secondary market for bonds does not really even exist. As a result, much of the countries potential investment flows into low yearning, non-productive and speculative assets (bank deposits, foreign currency, gold and real estate).
越南的金融市場還是很小很原始。二級債券市場甚至不存在。結果，國家的很大一部分潛在投資進入了低收益，非生產性和投機資產裡去（銀行存款，外匯儲備，黃金和房地產）
Miscellaneous and related problems such as widespread nepotism and corruption, bad system of higher education, “brain drain”, etc.
各種各樣相關的問題，比如普遍的裙帶主義和腐敗，糟糕的高等教育系統，人才外流等等。
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