科技論文寫作特別注重實驗描述的清晰度和思想表達的準確度。句子要儘量簡短和清晰。例如：如果As discussed above的前面一句話有兩個主語, 那這個above指的是哪個一定要指出，不然就容易造成表達不清晰。
1. 主語和謂語的單數和複數要一致
例：A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids are present in the sample.
句中 A high percentage才是真正主語，所以謂語用單數 is
注意：集合名詞當整體用時謂語用單數，每個成員當個體時謂語用複數。
例1：The number of mice was increased.
例2：A number of mice have died.
例3：All of the samples were analyzed
例4：All of the safety procedure was followed
注意：代詞none既可以是單數也可以是複數，none後面的詞是單數，用單數；後面的詞是複數，用複數。
例1：None of the information was usefu.
例1：None of the animals have died.
注意：描述數量/質量/體積/時間等詞用單數，但分次添加或減少時用複數。
例：1.5 mL was added/10 g was added/5 g were added ste-pwise.
2. 修飾語同主語名詞關係上要一致
用動名詞/分詞短語/不定式短語做修飾語時，修飾語中的動詞要同主句中的主語關係上要一致。
例（動名詞）：After finished the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
finishing形式主語是We或者I，主句主語是activity，不一致。
應改為：After the purification was finished, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.
或者：After finished the purification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.
例（分詞短語）：The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method.
iron concentration和 using the Fenton reaction method關係不一致
因該把using 改為 by。
例（不定試短語）：To confirm the diagnosis, the blood test was ordered.
不定式短語的形式主語是doctor, 而主句的主語為blood test不一致，所以要改為：To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered the blood test.
3. 主語和主語的謂語保持邏輯一致
由於中文和英文表達方式的不同，有時候把中文直接翻譯成英文是不妥的，例如price is cheap, 中文理解是價格便宜，但是英文一般說價格用高低，而物品才說cheap。
例：The highest antibiotic production was obtained at 48h.
宜改為：production yield
例：
The reaction was prepared...宜改為：reaction solution/ method.4. 代名詞的使用
代名詞和其代理的先行詞要在人稱/單數/複數，和性別上一致。例如：he, his; she, her; it, its; they, their; these, those; that, this等，使用時一定避免誤解。
例：Many related compounds were synthesized and their antivirus activities were studied. compounds和their一致。
例：growth hormone is a protein. it promotes human body growth.
例：The reports were submitted to therequesting agencies, buttheywere ignored.
這裡的they到底是指 reports還是requesting agencies。
宜改為：The requesting agenciesignored the submitted re-ports
5. 強調的作用
如要強調某件事，就把它放到句子的前面。科技論文寫作一般把主句先寫出來，除非你想強調條件。
例：Through scavenging free radicals, antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases.
宜改為：Antioxidants play an important role in protecting ag-ainst complex diseases through scavenging free radicals.
例：Before the hurricane arrived, most of the people have moved out.
宜改為：Most of the people have moved out before the hurricane arrived.
6. 名詞作形容詞
論文寫作中常會把名詞作為形容詞用，當一個名詞修飾另一個名詞是=時，容易理解，但3個名詞放一起就要注意了，例如：blood white cell number(改為the number of blood white cell)
這時候需要將最後一個名詞提前+介詞（of/in/on...）+名詞+名詞。
7. 句子時態
科技論文只有兩種時態，現在時態和過去時態。偶爾使用完成時態。
描述已發表的文獻成果時用現在時。
描述未發表的文獻成果時用過去時。
Abatract描述自己的實驗和結論要用過去時。
Introduction中總結文獻和問題，以現在時為主。
Method和results用過去式。
Discussion根據文獻和自己實驗分別用現在時和過去時。
例: Wang showed that...(引述過去的實驗時，宜用過去時)
例: Table/Figure shows that...(Table/Figure顯示的結果可用現在時)
計算結果和統計分析結果應該用現在時
8. 主動句和被動句
很多人用被動句，但其實主動句更加好。
It is reported that... 宜改為 we reported that...
9. 標點符號的使用
注意逗號是用來分開兩個獨立的句子
分號後面的首字母要小寫
10. 冠詞的使用
當名詞表示泛指時，不要加定冠詞the。
例：there has been increased in loss of agricultural land.
宜改為：there has been an increase in the loss of agricul-tural land.
以上便是我讀研時候積累的一些寫作的語法，都是比較基礎但又容易忽略的常見語法。
閱讀更多 Sci投刊指導李老師 的文章
