整合 | 鲍亚婷 张丁源
>> 伊朗关闭了我们熟知的互联网，这篇文章解释了此次禁网的不同之处
>> 谷歌关于政治广告的新规定依然允许政客投放虚假信息
>> 由于结算错误，麦当劳将追加新西兰员工2900万美元的工资
>> 美国家庭暴力受害者通过假装点披萨报警
>> 乌干达百万个安全套由于质量问题被召回
>> 印度连锁咖啡店的顾客对使用面部识别技术结账感到不满
01
政治
The 'internet as we know it' is off in Iran.
Here's why this shutdown is different
伊朗关闭了我们熟知的互联网
这篇文章解释了此次禁网的不同之处
@CNN Nov 19, 2019
Experts say the shutdown is an attempt by the government to stop the flow of information and quash the demonstrations. David Kaye, the UN Special Rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, told CNN that the blackout makes it "harder for people to organize, harder for people to protest."
专家表示，这次关闭是政府试图阻止信息流动，平息示威活动的举措。联合国促进和保护言论自由权利特别报告员戴维·凯伊告诉CNN，封锁使“人们更难组织起来，更难进行抗议”。
Iran's minister of telecommunications Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi said that the government had ordered the cutoff on Saturday and promised that it would return "soon," state broadcaster Press TV reported Monday.
"Internet will return to the life of the Iranian people soon and the government [will] continue to develop it," Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi said, according to Press TV. He added that some essential online services had been switched to Iran's National Information Network (NIN), a centralized national intranet.
But on Tuesday, connectivity in Iran was down to just 4% of normal levels, according to Netblocks, a non-governmental organization that monitors internet governance.
据伊朗国家广播电台Press TV周一报道，伊朗电信部长穆罕默德·贾瓦德·阿扎里·贾赫鲁米表示，政府已于周六下令关闭网络，并承诺将“很快”恢复。
据Press TV报道，贾赫鲁米说:“互联网将很快回到伊朗人民的生活中，政府也将继续发展互联网。”他还说到，一些重要的在线服务已经转移到伊朗的国家信息网络(NIN)，这是一个集中的国家内联网。
但监控互联网治理的非政府组织Netblocks的数据显示，周二，伊朗的网络连通性降至正常水平的4%。
This is not the first time that Tehran has shuttered online access to stop information from spreading. "After the 2009 presidential election, the Iranian government realized that the internet is key for communication between people not just inside the country, but also outside the country," Amir Rashidi, an internet security and digital rights researcher at the Center for Human Rights in Iran, told CNN.
This time though, the shutdown appears different.
这不是德黑兰第一次关闭在线访问以阻止信息传播。“ 2009年总统大选后，伊朗政府意识到，互联网不仅对于国内信息交流至关重要，在国外也同样十分关键。”人权中心互联网安全和数字版权研究人员阿米尔·拉希迪说道。
但是这次网络关闭却显得有些不同。
Toker described the blackout as the "most severe disconnection tracked by NetBlocks in any country in terms of its technical complexity and breadth." According to NetBlocks' data, the switch off itself was so complex that it took 24 hours to complete.
And Doug Madory, the director of internet analysis at Oracle, said the latest incident is unusual in its scale. In the past, he said, Iran would either intentionally slow down the internet through bandwidth throttling, or block individual websites such as Facebook and Twitter.
This current blackout is way more advanced. "We're seeing a variety of different actions take place -- some networks have withdrawn their routes while others continue to announce routes but block traffic," Madory wrote in a blog on Oracle's website.
托克将此次禁网描述为“就其技术复杂性和广度而言，这是有史以来所追踪到的最严重的网络中断”。根据NetBlocks的数据，这次禁网本身非常复杂，甚至需要24小时才能完成。
甲骨文公司分析主管道格·马多里表示，这起最新事件的规模不同寻常。他说，在过去，伊朗要么通过限制带宽故意减慢互联网速度，要么屏蔽Facebook和Twitter等个人网站。
这次断网要先进得多。马多里在甲骨文网站的一篇博客中写道:“我们看到各种不同的行动正在发生——一些网络已经撤回了他们的路由，而另一些继续宣布路由，但阻塞了流量。”
Google's updated ad policy will still allow politicians to run false ads
谷歌关于政治广告的新规定依然允许政客投放虚假信息
@CNN Nov 20, 2019
Google announced updates to its political ad policy on Wednesday, but made no apparent changes to how it will treat lies pushed by candidates. The most significant change is that it will restrict how political ads can be targeted on its platforms.
As the 2020 US presidential election approaches, how online platforms will deal with misinformation and outright false claims by politicians has become a hot-button issue. Google — which has taken in tens of millions of dollars in political advertising in the United States since last year — has been until now notably quiet in the debate surrounding how online platforms handle political ads.
谷歌在周三更新其政治广告政策，但关于候选人的虚假广告，谷歌没有采取任何措施。最重要的变化是，它将限制政治广告在其平台上的定位方式。
随着2020年美国总统大选的临近，网络平台将如何应对政客们的虚假信息和彻头彻尾的虚假言论，已成为一个热点问题。自去年以来，谷歌已经从美国的政治广告中获得了数千万美元的收入。到目前为止，在围绕网络平台如何处理政治广告的辩论中，谷歌明显保持了沉默。
President Donald Trump's reelection campaign ran an ad in October on Google-owned platform YouTube that falsely accused former Vice President Joe Biden of corruption for his role in Ukraine policy during the Obama administration.
A Google spokesperson confirmed to CNN Business on Wednesday that the ad would still be allowed to run on Google's platforms.
This stance comes even as Scott Spencer, a Google vice president, wrote in a blog post on Wednesday, "It's against our policies for any advertiser to make a false claim — whether it's a claim about the price of a chair or a claim that you can vote by text message, that election day is postponed, or that a candidate has died."
今年10月，美国总统唐纳德•特朗普的连任竞选团队在谷歌旗下平台YouTube上发布了一则广告，错误地指责前副总统乔•拜登在奥巴马政府期间在乌克兰政策中所扮演的角色存在腐败行为。
谷歌的一名发言人周三向CNN Business证实，该广告仍然可以在谷歌的平台上播放。
这个立场尽管斯科特·斯宾塞,谷歌副总裁周三在一篇博客文章中写道,“这是违反我们的政策对于任何广告商做出虚假索赔——无论它是一个索赔一把椅子或索赔的价格,您可以通过短信投票,选举推迟,或者一个候选人已经死了。”
In the policy update, Google focused on misleading ads related to voter suppression and election integrity, not claims targeting candidates.
"Of course, we recognize that robust political dialogue is an important part of democracy, and no one can sensibly adjudicate every political claim, counterclaim, and insinuation. So we expect that the number of political ads on which we take action will be very limited—but we will continue to do so for clear violations," Spencer wrote.
In recent months, Facebook has come under fire for exempting politicians from some of its ad policies. But in a tweet on Wednesday, Facebook reminded users that not even politicians are exempt from its policies banning voter suppression.
"We prohibit voter suppression in all ads," Facebook said.
在新的策略中，谷歌关注的是与选民压制和选举诚信相关的误导性广告，而不是针对候选人的宣传。
“当然，我们认识到强有力的政治对话是民主的重要组成部分，没有人能够理智地裁决每一个政治主张、反诉和暗示。因此，我们预计可能对数量非常有限的广告采取行动——但我们将继续抵制明显的违规行为，”斯宾塞写道。
最近几个月，Facebook因为免除政客的一些广告而受到抨击。但在周三的一条推特中，Facebook提醒用户，即使是政客也不能免于其禁止压制选民的政策。
“我们禁止在所有广告中压制选民，”Facebook表示。
Under Google's new targeting policy, political advertisers will only be able to target ads based on a user's age, gender, and post code -- rather than being allowed to target voters using more granular methods. Facebook allows political advertisers to upload lists of voters to target, for instance.
根据谷歌的新定位政策，政治广告商将只能根据用户的年龄、性别和邮编来定位广告，而不能使用更细粒度的方法来定位选民。不过，Facebook允许政治广告商将选民名单上传到目标网站。
02
商业
McDonald's could return $29 million to New Zealand workers after holiday pay error
由于结算错误，麦当劳将追加新西兰员工2900万美元的工资
@ CNN, Nov 19, 2019
McDonald's has agreed to pay what could be tens of millions of dollars to New Zealand employees after becoming embroiled in a nationwide payroll debacle.
The fast food giant will pay back all past and present employees in the past 10 years for miscalculated holiday wages, according to McDonald's spokesperson Simon Kenny.
This agreement follows a years-long campaign by local labor union Unite Union.
The union's national director, Mike Treen, estimated that the remediation may cost McDonald's at least 45 million New Zealand dollars (almost $29 million), according to CNN affiliate Radio New Zealand — and that's just a starting "baseline figure."
卷入新西兰全国性的工资结算失误后，麦当劳同意给新西兰员工补上数千万美元的工资。
据麦当劳发言人西蒙·肯尼表示，这家快餐巨头将对过去10年里所有计算错误的假日工资进行赔偿。
麦当劳这一松口是在当地工会联合会多年的努力下促成的。
据CNN下属的新西兰广播电台报道，该联盟的全国总监麦克·特里恩估计，麦当劳至少要花费4500万新西兰元(约合2900万美元)来进行补救，而这只是一个开始的“基线数字”。
Both Kenny and the union pointed out that this isn't an isolated incident — rather, it's part of a much larger problem that has seen employees underpaid in the public and private sectors across New Zealand.
Unite Union said it first raised the issue with McDonald's in 2015, accusing the company of "stealing" annual leave from employees by not properly paying them for working public holidays and failing to provide compensation rest days.
Since then, the company has been working with both McDonald's and the Ministry of Business Innovation and Enterprise (MBIE), the New Zealand government agency that enforces economic policies, to reach an agreement.
肯尼和工会都指出，这不是一个孤立的事件，而是一个更大的问题的一部分，这个问题导致新西兰公共和私营部门的员工工资偏低。
工会联合会表示，它在2015年首次向麦当劳提出这个问题，指责麦当劳“窃取”员工的年假，因为它没有为员工的公共假日支付适当的工资，也没有提供休息日的补偿。
自那以后，工会一直与麦当劳和执行经济政策的新西兰政府机构商业创新与企业部(MBIE)协作，最后达成协议。
McDonald's is just one of many companies that have been swept up in the nationwide payroll problem -— more than 150 companies are currently being audited, according to MBIE. In 2016, the government estimated that up to 763,000 employees nationwide could be owed wages, and the total cost of remediation could reach 2.2 billion New Zealand dollars (about $1.4 billion), Radio New Zealand reported.
It's not just companies. Even government agencies like MBIE and the District Health Boards have made similar errors in calculating holiday pay. The health boards announced just last month that they owe health workers up to 650 million New Zealand dollars (about $415.7 million), Radio New Zealand reported.
MBIE的数据显示，麦当劳只是被卷入全国范围内工资问题的众多公司之一，目前有150多家公司正在接受审计。据新西兰广播电台报道，2016年，政府估计，全国可能有76.3万名员工被拖欠工资，而补救的总成本可能达到22亿新西兰元(约合14亿美元)。
不仅仅是公司。就连MBIE和地区卫生委员会这样的政府机构在计算假期工资时也犯了类似的错误。新西兰广播电台报道，卫生委员会上个月刚刚宣布，他们欠卫生工作者多达6.5亿新西兰元(约合4.157亿美元)。
The payroll crisis all stems from a complicated law, the Holidays Act, which was enacted in 2003.
The law is relatively straightforward for employees who work standard five-day, 40-hour weeks. But it's much more difficult to apply for certain industries with irregular hours, like hospitality, retail or health, according to a 2018 report commissioned by the government.
The law is also so complex that employers often have trouble interpreting it correctly, according to the report. For instance, there are many different ways to calculate daily pay, weekly pay, holiday pay, and pay for alternative holidays — so it's hard to know when to use which calculations.
After many companies complained that the law was too complex, outdated and costly, the government assembled a task force to review the law, identify issues and make recommendations. The investigation is ongoing.
这场危机源于一个复杂的法律，即2003年颁布的《假日法》。
对于每周工作五天、工作40小时的员工，该法相对简单。但根据政府委托撰写的2018年报告，这一法律应用到某些工作时间不规律的行业则要困难得多，比如酒店、零售或医疗。
报告称，由于该法律过于复杂，雇主往往难以正确解读。例如，有许多不同的方法来计算每日工资、每周工资、假日工资和替代假日工资——因此很难知道何时使用哪种计算方法。
在许多公司抱怨该法过于复杂、过时和昂贵之后，政府组建了一个工作组来审查《假日法》，找出问题并提出建议。调查正在进行中。
03
社会
US domestic abuse victim pretends to
order pizza to alert 911
美国家庭暴力受害者通过假装点披萨报警
@BBC, Nov 22, 2019
A woman in a domestic violence situation managed to call 911 without the perpetrator realising, by pretending to order a pizza.
Officers in Oregon city, Ohio, praised the caller's quick thinking, which led to the alleged abuser being arrested.
The unnamed woman told local media her mum was being attacked at the time.
一名遭受家庭暴力的女性假装点了一份披萨，在行凶者并不知情的情况下，成功拨打了911。
俄亥俄州俄勒冈市的警察称赞了打电话者的快速反应，这导致了虐待者被逮捕。
这位不愿透露姓名的妇女告诉当地媒体，她的母亲当时遭到了袭击。
The dispatcher who answered the call, Tim Teneyck, told local news station 13 ABC he initially thought the woman had dialled an incorrect number.
When she insisted she was through to the right person, he realised what was happening - partly because he had seen similar scenarios being shared on social media.
接听电话的调度员蒂姆·特内克告诉美国广播公司当地频道，他一开始以为这名女子拨错了电话号码。
当她坚持说她联系对了人时，他才意识到发生了什么——部分原因是他在社交媒体上看到了类似的场景。
What did the caller say?
Here's a transcript of the conversation.
Mr Teneyck: Oregon 911
Caller: I would like to order a pizza at [address redacted].
Mr Teneyck: You called 911 to order a pizza?
Caller: Uh, yeah. Apartment [redacted].
Mr Teneyck: This is the wrong number to call for a pizza...
Caller: No, no, no. You're not understanding.
Mr Teneyck: I'm getting you now.
Mr Teneyck: Is the other guy still there?
Caller: Yep, I need a large pizza.
Mr Teneyck: All right. How about medical, do you need medical?
Caller: No. With pepperoni.
打电话的人说了什么?
这是这次谈话的文字记录。
特纳克先生:俄勒冈911
打电话者:我想订一份披萨，地址已更改。
特内克先生:你打911订披萨?
打电话者:嗯,是的。公寓(修订)。
特纳克先生:打错电话叫披萨……
打电话者:不，不，不。你不理解。
特纳克先生:我现在明白你的意思了。
特纳克先生:另一个人还在吗?
打电话者:是的，我需要一个大比萨饼。
特纳克先生:好的。医疗方面呢，你需要医疗吗?
打电话者:不。意大利辣香肠。
A million faulty condoms recalled in Uganda
乌干达百万个安全套由于质量问题被召回
@ BBC , Nov 19, 2019
A leading charity, Marie Stopes, says it has recalled more than a million condoms distributed in Uganda following concerns about their safe use.
Tests had found some of the Indian-manufactured Life Guard brand contained holes or risked bursting, Uganda's National Drug Authority (NDA) said.
Marie Stopes provides contraception and family planning services in more than 35 countries.
Nearly 6% of adults in Uganda live with HIV, the UN says.
Other research suggests that only 11% of people in the country have planned pregnancies.
玛丽·斯特普斯，一个主要的慈善机构，称由于担心避孕套使用的安全性，已经召回了在乌干达分发的100多万个避孕套。
乌干达国家药品管理局(NDA)表示，测试发现，一些印度生产的“生命卫士”(Life Guard)牌避孕套中存有孔洞甚至可能爆裂。
玛丽·斯特普斯在超过35个国家提供避孕和计划生育服务。
联合国称，乌干达有近6%的成年人携带艾滋病毒。
其他研究表明，在乌干达只有11%的人有计划地受孕。
Marie Stopes supplies between 1.5 million and two million condoms to Uganda every month.
"We can confirm this is the first time that one of our country programmes has needed to issue this kind of recall," it said in a statement to the BBC.
The recall came after the NDA wrote to the charity on 30 October, saying two batches of Life Guard condoms failed to comply with "quality tests".
Marie Stopes said it was working with the NDA to "urgently investigate what happened with these batches and ensure our products continue to meet the high standard of quality".
"We can confirm that the two batches we are recalling contained around 335,000 condom packs - just over 1 million individual condoms. We have recovered more than half of those," it added.
Marie Stopes每个月向乌干达提供150万到200万个避孕套。
BBC的声明表示:“我们可以确认，这是首次我们国家级别的项目需要发布这样的召回信息。”
这次召回发生在NDA于10月30日致信该慈善机构后，信中表示“生命卫士”牌避孕套未能通过“质量检测”。
玛丽•斯特普斯表示，该公司正与NDA合作，“紧急调查这些批次的问题，确保我们的产品继续达到高质量标准”。
他说:“我们可以证实，我们召回的这两批产品中有大约33.5万个安全套包装，而单个安全套的数量刚刚超过100万个。我们已经恢复了一半以上。”
04
科技
Indian cafe chain customers upset by use of facial recognition to bill them
印度连锁咖啡店的顾客对使用
面部识别技术结账感到不满
@ CNN, Nov 22, 2019
An Indian cafe chain popular for its chai drinks is under fire for using facial recognition software to bill its customers, with some taking to social media to express their anger at what they say is a loss of privacy.
Nikhil Pahwa, an internet activist and founder of Indian media watchdog MediaNama, criticized cafe chain Chaayos by tweeting a video on Wednesday apparently showing the facial recognition system in a store in Delhi.
一家以印度奶茶饮料闻名的印度连锁咖啡店因使用面部识别软件向顾客收费而受到抨击，一些人在社交媒体上表达了他们的愤怒，称这是对隐私的侵犯。
互联网活动人士、印度媒体监管机构MediaNama的创始人尼希尔帕瓦周三在twitter上发布了一段视频，批评了连锁咖啡馆Chaayos。很显然，这段视频展示了德里一家商店的人脸识别系统。
Pahwa said he worries about the risks of companies like Chaayos having this data, which in his view has been collected without "proper consent."
He added: "Systems like this that collect such personal and sensitive data, it normalizes it and I'm really worried about that normalization."
帕瓦说，他担心像Chaayos这样的公司拥有这些数据的风险，在他看来，这些数据是在未经“适当同意”的情况下收集的。
他补充说:“像这样收集个人和敏感数据的系统，会使这类数据收集正常化，我真的很担心这种正常化。”
In a Facebook post on Thursday responding to the criticism, Chaayos said it started its facial recognition feature recently to "reduce the overall customer purchase time," and stressed it was still in the testing stage.
In the statement, Chaayos said it was "extremely conscious" of its customers' data security, encrypting the data and not sharing it with third parties. It further added that customers can opt out of the process.
However, on its website, the terms and conditions of the chain's loyalty program state that customers "should not expect ... personal information should always remain private."
Chaayos在周四的Facebook帖子中回应了这一批评，称其最近开始了面部识别功能，以“减少客户的整体购买时间”，并强调该功能仍处于测试阶段。
Chaayos在声明中表示，该公司“高度重视”客户的数据安全，对数据进行了加密，并没有与第三方共享。它还进一步补充说，客户可以选择退出这一过程。
然而，在其网站上，连锁店忠诚计划的条款和条件声明，顾客“不应该期望……个人信息能够永远被保密。”
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