曼联守护神德赫亚
这种提法就说明你还没掌握动词的分类。
我用思维导图表示一下它们之间的逻辑关系:
情态动词属于助动词,而与助动词对应的是主动词,包括实义动词和系统词。
实义动词
实义动词的实义是什么意思?具有实在的意义,涉及具体的动作。
及物动词
及物动词可以直接连接宾语,下面我列举了及物动词能引领的三种简单句结构:
主谓宾:I love her. 我爱她。
主谓间宾直宾:She gives me a hug. 她给了我一个拥抱。
主谓宾宾补:I see other boys crying. 我看见别的男孩哭了。
不及物动词
不及物动词不跟宾语或直接跟宾语,涉及的句型主要是主谓结构。
She cries terribly. 她哭得很厉害。
She goes to school by bike. 她骑车去上学。
She looked at me with a smile. 她含笑看向我。
系动词
系动词是实义动词的对立面。它没有实义,只有连系作用。最常见的系动词是be,其根据人称和数的变化是am, is, are. 当然还有很多别的系动词如become, keep, turn, get, grow,sound等。
系动词涉及的简单句句型是主系表结构。
I am a student. 我是一名学生。
Life is short. 人生短暂。
The weather becomes cool in autumn. 秋天天气转凉。
可见,实义动词和系动词涵盖了全部五种简单句结构。
助动词
助动词起辅助作用,和助动词一起构成时态,语态,情态等。
情态助动词也举一个例子吧:
可见助动词不能单用,必须和主动词一起用才能表意。
英语学人
实义动词和情态动词是根据动词的句法功能分类的。情态动词又叫情态助动词。
一、实义动词也叫主动词,有具体的词汇意义,表示主语发出的动作或所处的状态。在陈述句中,实义动词可以单独作谓语。实义动词加表语(主补)、宾语或状语构成谓语部分。
She is an English teacher and she works hard. (单词动词作谓语)
He enjoys swimming and gave us a performance last Sunday. (单词动词作谓语)
Mr Smith has been teaching in a middle school for 30 years. (加助动词作谓语)
二、助动词不能单独做谓语,后面要加主动词,用来帮助主动词的某种形式构成疑问句、否定句、进行时态、完成时态、被动语态和虚拟语气等语法变体。
助动词分为基本助动词和情态助动词两类。
(一)基本助动词没有词汇意义(be: is, am, are; was, were; have / has / had been; being, having been; do: do, does, did; have: have, has, had...)。
(二)情态助动词具有不同的情态意义。(will会,将, would会,将; shall将, should应该; can可能,也许, could可能; may也许, might可能; muts必须,一定, have / had to不得不; used to过去常常, need需要, dare敢, ought to应该;...)
如:Did he give you a performance last Sunday? (加did构成疑问句)
No, he didn't give us a performance last Sunday. (加didn't构成否定句)
I haven't received his letter for a whole month. (加haven't构成完成时态)
Something must be done to make the rivers clean.
(加must be构成含情态意义的被动语态)
If everyone bought one soft-drink can each day and threw it away, there would soon be a huge mountain of rubbish. (加would构成虚拟语气)
Unclejoe讲英语
实义动词可以单独做谓语
比如 I am cooking.
(主) (谓)
I am cooking the fish.
(主) (谓) ( 宾 )
实义动词为cook,这体现了cook即可是及物动词也可是不及物的
而情态动词不能单独做谓语,其后必须跟一个实义动词一起做谓语
I can cook
(主) ( 谓 )
还有就是情态动词很有限,常见的就是can,may,must,should,will,would,shall,ought to,could,might,dare,need