英语高考试卷中，阅读理解占到了全卷分数的半壁江山。把阅读做好了，在考试时就会得心应手。阅读文章除了要有扎实的词汇基本功外，阅读长难句的能力也是至关重要的。就像2019年高考英语的全国一卷D篇，毫不夸张地说，全是长难句，大大增加理解难度，成为我们获得高分的“拦路虎”。
在英语试卷阅读理解C、D篇中，长难句是必然会出现的，而对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。那么，一定的长难句分析训练是必须的，具体该怎么做呢？奇速君老师分享一些示例来帮助大家学会分析长难句！
一、什么是长难句？
二、长难句破解策略
三、高考真题为例
示例：
四、长难句练习分析汇总
全国一二三卷长难句练习
答题要求：1. 画出句子主干
2. 找出关联词，判断从句类型
3. 弄清主句和从句的附属成分
4. 翻译句子
全国一卷
A
1. Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
2. Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
B
3. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
4. Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
5. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know, but I want to know.’”
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
C
6. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
7. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
8. The keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
9. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
阅读七选五
10. If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
完形
11. Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
语法填空
12. Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating around human settlements, leading to the illusion that populations are higher than they actually are.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
全国二卷
A
13. There was a bit of me that didn’t want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
14. It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
B
15. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
16. I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
17. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
18. In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
19. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
C
20. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
D
21. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
七选五
22. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
全国三卷
A
23. Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
B
24. Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
25. … not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
C
26. The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” — a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
D
27. After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
28. When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
七选五
29. While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
30. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight.
分析：__________________________________________________________________________
翻译：__________________________________________________________________________
参考解析
全国1卷
A
1. 句意为：一年到头都可以上政府网页了解项目和有用的线上工具，这些工具能够帮助30岁以下的人增强技能，找到工作或者创业。
2. 句意为：通过暑期工项目，学生每年能够得到各种各样的暑期工作，工作地点包括省公共服务机构，及与之相关的机构和社区组织。
B
3. 句意为：他有着明亮的黑眼睛，看起来像是那种喜欢在公众场合演讲的孩子。
4. 句意为：Whaley回想起年初的时候，当要Chris朗读时，他就会请求去一趟卫生间。when called upon to read句中省略了he was。
5. 句意为：Whaley解释道，“对于任何一个学生来说，尤其是英语作为新语言学习的学生，自信地说出‘我不知道，但我想知道’需要付出很多。”
C
6. 句意为：这种智能键盘精确地测量人打字的节奏和按压每个键的力度。本句包含一个由which引导的定语从句修饰the cadence。
7. 句意为：通过分析一些数据，例如使用者的打字力度和按键时间，(这种) 键盘可以提供一层强有力的安全措施。
8. 句意为：(这种) 键盘能确定人的身份，然后确定是否可以让他们访问已连接的电脑，不管这个人是否输入了正确的密码。the computer it’s connected to是省略了关系代词的定语从句。
9. 句意为：根据参与者如何打字，从这台装置上收集来的数据可以用来辨认他们，错误率极低。collected from the device作定语修饰data，based on how they typed作方式状语修饰recognize，with very low error rates作伴随状语修饰recognize。
阅读七选五
10. 句意为：如果你呼吸的空气是干净的——倘若你远离城市的烟雾，空气应该是干净的——那么空气里满是让人充满活力与生命力的氧气。本句为if 引导的条件状语从句，其中which it would be 是对前面进行解释说明，指代 “the air you’re are breathing is clean”整句话。
完形
11. 句意为：乞力马扎罗山是该得到一个人满为患，安静被破坏的这样的名声吗?a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace中with … 为with复合结构作mountain的后置定语，在这个结构中，tourists和ruin之间为主动的关系，因此用了ruining。
语法填空
12. 句意为：对此，科学家们的回应是，饥饿的北极熊可能聚集在人类居住地附近，导致人们产生一种错觉，认为它们的数量比实际数量要多。本句中有两个that引导的从句，第一个that引导宾语从句，作noting的宾语;第二个that引导同位语从句，解释说明先行词the illusion。
全国二卷
A
13. 句意为：过去虽然其他人都喜欢恐怖小说，但是我有点不太喜欢。不过，这本恐怖小说倒是很出色。句中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词me;when引导让步状语从句，相当于although。
14. 句意为：它的情节扑朔迷离，当你意识到发生了什么时，沮丧就会成为一种可怕的享受。句中 when 引导的时间状语从句前置于主句的表语之前，正常语序为：the frustration is horribly enjoyable when you realise what’s going on.
B
15. 句意为：我说起一位负责该活动的单亲家长，他有四个孩子;也谈到一位爸爸，即便他儿子没在那个球队，也给该球队执教。running the show作后置定语，修饰parent;coaching a team作后置定语，修饰dad;that引导定语从句，修饰team。
16. 句意为：我暗自欣慰，因为我知道众多人分担志愿者的工作会有真正的影响力。
17. 句意为：在欣慰的同时，也深刻理解了为什么同一拨人会不断回来参与更多的活动：当你自愿地提供时间、金钱、技能或服务时，参与社区活动会给予真正的快乐。why引导宾语从句，作of的宾语;Connecting to the community作主语，provides a real joy作谓语，as引导时间状语从句。
18. 句意为：从那个角度说，我很确信志愿服务是一种自私的行为，但我不愿承认这一点。
19. 句意为：然而，如果其他人在这个过程中受益，我也得到了一些回报，我的动机是什么重要吗?if引导状语从句，主句为does it really matter where my motivation lies。it是形式主语，指代where my motivation lies。
C
20. 句意为：有74%的人只在晚餐时间才一起吃饭。only+状语放在句首，强调时间状语，其后习惯上用部分倒装。正确语序是We are eating together only at dinnertime anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
D
21. 句意为：它(美国国家航空航天局)在依靠NASA HUNCH 高中班，如在纽约费尔波特的费尔波特高中由理科老师吉恩戈登和唐娜·希梅尔伯格率领的NASA HUNCH 高中班。science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the one, one指代NASA HUNCH high school class，关系代词that在定语从句中做lead的宾语。
七选五
22. 句意为：设定现实目标的另一种方法是，牢记你的信仰、价值观和优势的同时分析你的短期和长期目标。keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
全国三卷
A
23. 句意为：林•曼努尔•米兰达写了这部关于亚历山大•汉密尔顿的音乐剧，该剧通过一个移民故事展现了美国的诞生。in which 是非限制性定语从句，修饰this musical。
B
24. 句意为：中国模特是美丽和时尚运动的代表，她们向全世界的女性推销梦想，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动的核心。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的句子。
25. 不仅是西方顶级的设计师正被中国影响着——一些当代最好的设计师自己就是中国人。not only置于句首，连接两个并列分句时，not only所在的句子要用部分倒装语序。
C
26. 句意为：当时的趋势是“便士报” ——一个术语，指广泛向公众提供的报纸。破折号后的部分对“penny paper”进行解释说明。referring to … 作后置定语修饰a term，其中made widely … 作papers的后置定语。
D
27. 句意为：在进行了数百次试验后，研究人员注意到，猴子超过一半的时间都会选择触摸更高的值，这表明它们在进行计算，而不是仅仅记住每个组合的值。本句主干为the researchers noted that …, that引导宾语从句，indicating that …为现在分词作状语，其中that引导宾语从句。
28. 句意为：当研究小组更仔细地测试实验结果时，他们注意到，两个数字的总和与单个的数字相比，当两者的值相近时，猴子们往往会低估两个数字之和——例如，有时会选择13而不是8和6的和。本句主干为When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that …，这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，主句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中还包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句。compared with为过去分词短语作状语，破折号后面的内容为现在分词短语作状语。
七选五
29. 句意为：虽然每一项我只列出了两种，但显然还会有许多其他情况出现。此句为while引出的让步状语从句，在主句中又包含了一个that引导的定语从句, that指代的是many other situations.
30. 句意为： 在询问有关课程设计的问题前，要阅读教学大纲以及学习管理体系，以确保问题的答案不是显而易见的。本句是一个祈使句，asking …是分词短语作状语，to be sure…是不定式短语作目的状语。
五、经典长难句汇总
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