百因必有果,你的“福利”就是我第62篇:過去完成時構成及用法


百因必有果,你的“福利”就是我第62篇:過去完成時構成及用法


過去完成時


過去完成時的構成
肯定句:
主語+ had+動詞的過去分詞+其他
否定句:
主語+ had not+動詞的過去分詞+其他
疑問句:
Had+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他


過去完成時的用法


(1)表示在過去某一時間之前(也稱為過去的過去)已經發生或完成的動作
常與“ by / before + 過去的時間 ”構成的短語連用
By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals and we had kicked four.
到比賽結束時,他們踢進了2個球,而我們踢進了4個。


He had got up before six o'clock yesterday morning.
昨天早上他不到6點就起床了。
By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself.
到愛迪生10歲的時候,他已給自己建了一個實驗室。

(2)表示在過去某一動作之前已經發生或完成的動作或狀態
過去完成時在句中使用時
一般必須有或者暗含一個發生在過去的動作與其相比較
過去完成時中的動作發生在該過去的動作之前
與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有:
by last week
by the end of last year 等
也可用 when.before 等引導的從句或者通過上下文表示
She had left by the time I arrived.
我到達以前,她已經離開了。
He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.
在他來這之前,他已在上海住了10年了。

Lao Li died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
老李昨天去世了。他是我的一個好朋友。
He said he had seen the film.
他說他(以前)看過這部電影。

(3)用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞後的賓語從句
I remembered that Peter had taken my English book away.
我記得彼得把我的英文書拿走了。
She said( that) she had never been to China.
她說她從來沒有到過中國。

(4)用在狀語從句中
在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在後,用一般過去時
They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.
老師來的時候,他們已經打掃完了教室。
By the time my parents came home yesterday, I had cooked the dinner.
當我爸媽昨天回來的時候,我已經做好了晚餐。

(5)表示某一動作在過去的某一時間已經開始,一直延續到過去的另一時間
常與 for 或 since 短語連用

The film had been on for ten minutes when we got there.
當我們到達那兒時,電影已經開始10分鐘了。
She said that she had made much progress since she came here.
她說自從來這兒以後她取得了很大的進步。

(6)某些動詞用過去完成時,表示過去的希望、預期、意圖或願望等沒有實現,意為“原本……;未能……”
這類動詞有
expect,hope,mean
intend,plan,suppose
wish,want,desire 等
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
我們本希望你來的,但你沒有。



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