「高考英語」選修六知識點總結

選修六知識點總結

Unit 1

I詞彙及結構

1. would rather do sth情願做….

would rather sb did sth情願sb做…

情願做….而不願意做…： would rather do sth than do sth= would do sth rather than do sth

= prefer to do sth rather than do sth

= prefer doing sth to doing sth

I would rather you hadn't told me about it yesterday.我寧願你昨天沒有告訴我關於它。

2.faith n. 信任,信仰 be faithful to sb 忠實於某人

keep faith with 忠於信仰; 守信

have faith in 相信, 信任

3.As there are so many different styles of Western art , it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text．

so+adj+a(an)+(單數可數) (+that…)

so many/few +n (複數) (+ that…)

so much/little (不可數) (+that…)

such+adj.+n.(不可數)/ n (複數)

eg.1) The book is ________interesting that I want to read it again.

2) It was ________a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.

3) It was _______cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.

4) There are _______many mistakes in your composition that I can't understand it.

5) He has made ________rapid progress that he got the first in the exam.

6) _______that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陝西）

A. So successful her business wasB. So successful was her business

C. So her business was successfulD. So was her successful business

4.consequently adv. 所以，因此

consequent adj. 作為結果的,隨之發生的

as a consequence/result = in consequence = so

as a consequence/result of = because of

5 .aim

without aim 無目的的/ 無目標的

（take）aim at 瞄準，對準

sb/ sth's aim is to do ……的目標是….

aim at doing = aim to do 瞄準, 力求做到,力爭達到

6.typical adj.典型的；具有代表性的；後接 of

7. evident明白的, 明顯的(apparent)

be evident to sb. 對某人來說很明顯

be evident in sth 在某方面很明顯

8. adopt 採用，收養

adapt 改編，使適應

9. possess 用作動詞時，不能用於進行時。

be possessed of sth 具有、擁有

be possessed by 由…支配、控制

in possession of sth (表主動）佔有

in the possession of sb （表被動） …被某人佔有

10.a great/ good deal 大量; 大量 後可接形容詞比較級

a great/ good deal of 後接不可數名詞

1）修飾可數名詞：

many a few

a good/great many

A great many buildings have been built along the street.

a large/ big/ great/ / small number of

Many a +單數名詞

More than one +單數名詞

2）修飾不可數名詞：

much

a good/great deal of

a large amount of (謂語動詞用單數)

large amounts of (謂語動詞用複數)

3）修飾可數和不可數名詞

a lot of/lots of

plenty of

a large quantity of (謂語動詞用單數)

large quantities of (謂語動詞用複數)

練習：

1.____ the students in our school go to college in their teens.

A good many B. A great many of

C. A great deal of D. A lot of

2. He is ____ better now. Don't worry about him.

A.more B. a great deal of

C. a number of D.a great deal

11.attempt 嘗試，企圖，努力

attempt doing反覆嘗試做

attempt to do企圖做

attempt to do/doing = try to do/doing

make an attempt to do sth/ at doing sth

at one's attempt 在sb嘗試下

12.on (the ) one hand……on the other hand一方面……另一方面

13.be specific to 特有的，獨特的

14.in the flesh活生生，本人，親自

15.preference - prefer

by preference.首先, 最好

in preference to 優先於

have a preference for偏愛

16.appeal to 有吸引力，使感興趣

appeal to sb for sth. 呼籲,懇求

17.reputation n. 名譽,名聲

live up to one's reputation 不負盛名

lose one's reputation 失去盛名；

win a high reputation 贏得很高的聲譽

句型：

1.序數詞the first/the second/the last(＋ sb.) ＋ to do是一種常見結構，表示"最早、第二、最後做某事的人"，其中的不定式作後置定語；如果主語和不定式之間有被動關係，不定式應使用被動結構to be done。

My monitor is always the first to come to school and the last to leave.

我的班長總是第一個到校、最後一個離開。

To tell the truth, he was the last person to be met with by the manager.

說實話，他是最後一個被經理接見的人。

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

她是在奧運會上第一個獲得金牌的女選手。

2.It is amazing/surprising/astonishing/shocking that...是一種常見句型，表示"……令人吃驚、震驚、驚訝等"，其中it是形式主語，that引導名詞性從句作句子的真正主語。這種句型可以用to one's amazement/surprise/astonishment/shock 這些短語作狀語來改寫。

It is surprising that children who are seven years old don't know how to brush one's teeth.

令人吃驚的是，七歲的孩子還不知道怎麼刷牙

To our shock, the terrorist explosion caused over one hundred deaths.

令我們震驚的是，這次恐怖爆炸造成了一百多人死亡。

語法：

虛擬語氣

1.虛擬語氣用於條件句、其它句型中

與現在事實相反時從句用過去時(did/were)，主句用would/should/could/might＋動詞原形

How nice it ________ if I ________ a sister like you!

A．was; had B．would be; had had C．would have been; had D．would be; had

【解析】　題幹表達與現在事實相反的內容，根據規則選D項

2. 與過去事實相反時從句用過去完成時(had done)，主句用would/should/could/might＋ have done

—Were you in time for the lecture?

—If I ________ told earlier, I would have.

A．had been B．was C．were to be D．should be

選A。 由問句看出與過去事實相反，因而從句中使用過去完成時。

3. 與將來事實相反時，從句中可用三種形式，即動詞的過去式/should＋動詞原形/were to＋動詞原形。

This printer is of good quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A．would B．should C．could D．might

分析：後一句實際上使用了與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，從句中使用should表示"假如；萬一"

________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.

A．Would you be B．Should you be C．Could you be D．Might you be

【解析】　前一分句實際上使用的是虛擬語氣，與將來事實相反從句中使用If you should be fired，可以省略if而把should提前到主語之前。

4. 虛擬語氣用於錯綜時間條件句：條件句和主句的動作發生的時間不一致，主句和從句的謂語要根據各自不同的時間選擇適當的動詞形式。

5. 虛擬語氣用於含蓄條件句：句中沒有條件從句，其內容暗含在短語或上下文中。

But for the help of my English teacher, I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A．would not win B．would not have won C．would win D．would have won

but for(要不是……)引導的短語在句中作狀語時，句子的謂語部分常用虛擬語氣；此處表示與過去事實相反，因而使用"would

6. wish後的賓語從句中：與現在事實相反時用were或動詞的一般過去時；與過去事實相反時用had＋過去分詞；與將來事實相反時用would/could/might＋動詞原形。

How I wish every family ________ a large house with a beautiful garden!

A．has B．had C．will have D．had had

7. 在suggest，order，insist，demand，require，desire，command，request，recommend等表示建議、命令、要求、願望的詞後面的賓語從句中；在與suggestion，order，request，advice，demand等有關的表語從句、同位語從句中；以及在It ＋be＋ suggested/ordered/requested/ insisted /desired/required that...句型中用"(should)＋動詞原形"。

The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal.

A．wouldn't B．couldn't C．needn't D．shouldn't

　recommend 表示"建議"時，其後的賓語從句中的謂語用"should ＋動詞原形"，should可省略。

. His suggestion is that the harvest ________ in before the rainy season comes.

A．get B．should get C．be got D．will be got

suggestion 之後的that從句是表語從句，其中謂語用"should＋動詞原形"，should省略。

8. 在It's (high) time that...句型中，謂語動詞用過去時或should＋動詞原形(should不能省略)，表示"早就該……"

It's no use envying others their success. It's time that you ________ hard.

A．must work B．were to work C．work D．worked

It's time that...句型中使用動詞的一般過去時

9. as if/as though(好像，似乎)之後的方式狀語從句中；

if only句型表示"要是……多好啊"中，與現在事實相反時動詞用一般過去時；與過去事實相反時用had＋過去分詞；與將來事實相反時用should/would/could/might＋動詞原形。

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ________.

A．breaks B．has broken C．were broken D．had been broken

Unit 2

詞彙和結構：

1.convey v. 傳達；運送

convey ...to... 把……運到……

convey ...to sb. 向某人傳達/表達(思想、感情等)

convey one's feelings 表達感情

2． transform v. 轉化；轉換；改造；變換

transform...into 把某人/物改變成……

transform ...from 從……中轉變、轉化……

3. appropriate adj. 適當的；正當的

be appropriate to/for... 對……適合；適宜

It is appropriate/proper that... (should) do... ……是合適的

be suitable for/to... 適合的；適宜的

be fit for... 適合；勝任……

注意　appropriate指適合於特殊的人及場合、地位等；suitable指適合某種情況或安排；fit指大小適合或勝任某職位；appropriate 等於very proper。

4. exchange n．/v. 交換；交流；調換；兌換

exchange sth. for sth. 拿……交換……

exchange sth. with sb. 與某人交換某物

in exchange for... 交換；調換

5．sponsor n. 贊助人；主辦者；倡議者 v. 發起；舉辦；倡議；贊助

6. take it/things easy 輕鬆；不緊張；從容

take one's time 彆著急，慢慢來

take sb./sth. seriously 認真對待某人/事

take...for granted 對……想當然，認為……理所當然

7. run out of 用完，用盡 （人作主語，不用於被動）

run out 被用完，耗盡 （物作主語）

give out(物)用完，耗盡；(人)筋疲力盡；

use up 用完；用光 ,（可以用於被動）

8. be made up of 由…構成，組成

make up 組成；編造；化妝

make up for 彌補……

9. try out 測試；試驗

let out 發出；放走；洩露；加寬；加大衣服

句型

1. This is why... 這就是……的原因。(強調結果)

This is because... 這是因為……。(強調原因)

The reason why...is/was that...(……的原因是……)一般用that引導表語從句，而不用because。

單項填空

(1)He didn't go by bike with me. That's ________ there was something wrong with his bike.

A．because B．why C．how D．when A

2. with 的 複合結構 (見全程設計P22)

語法：

it用法與強調句

1. 用作形式主語，代替由不定式、動名詞或各種從句所表示的真正主語。

________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.

A．This B．That C．What D．It

【解析】　it 代替後面的名詞短語the way...作形式主語。

2.作形式賓語，代指不定式、動名詞或從句所表示的真正賓語

He didn't make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held.

A．this B．that C．it D．these

【解析】　it代替後面的when and where從句作形式賓語。

　The chairman thought ________ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.

A．that B．it C．this D．him

【解析】　it代替後面的不定式作形式賓語。

3. 表示"喜歡、恨"等心理方面的動詞，後面接it，然後再跟從句，it代指從句所表達的內容。此類動詞有hate，dislike，enjoy，appreciate等。

I'd appreciate ________ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.

A．that B．it C．this D．you

【解析】　it代指後面的if從句所表達的內容。

4. it用來指代上文提到的事物、情況等

　Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ________ extra stress.

A．it B．them C．one D．him

【解析】　it代指being the parent of a child with special needs這一意義。

5.強調句的基本句型：It is /was ＋被強調部分＋that＋從句。

被強調部分是人時可用who/whom代替that，強調時間、地點、原因狀語時，通常只使用that，而不使用when，where，why。被強調的部分一般是主語、賓語、各種狀語。

It was along the Mississippi River________ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood.

A．how B．which C．that D．where

【解析】　分析句子結構看出，題幹使用的是強調句型，因而使用連詞that。

6. 強調句的複雜結構形式：

① 強調句用於not...until結構：It is/was ＋not until...＋that ＋其他部分。

②強調句用於一般疑問句：Is/Was＋被強調部分＋that＋其他部分。

③強調句用於特殊疑問句：被強調的通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞，其強調結構是：疑問詞(被強調部分)＋is/was＋ it＋ that＋其他部分？

It was not until midnight ________ they reached the camp site.

A．that B．when C．while D．as

【解析】　句中強調了時間狀語not until，連詞使用that。

7. 判斷是否是強調句是，可把 It is / was …that 去掉，剩餘部分在不增減任何詞的情況下還是一個完整的句子，那麼這種句子是強調句。

It was in the street that I met her father.

→In the street I met her father.

It was because she was ill that they didn't ask her to do the job.

→Because she was ill, they didn't ask her to do the job.

Unit 3

詞彙：

1.abuse n．/v. 濫用；虐待

drug abuse 吸毒

be badly abused 被虐待

abuse of power 濫用權力

2. stress n. 壓力；重音 v. 加壓力於；使緊張

lay/put/place stress on 把重點放在……上；強調

under the stress of 為……所迫

stress the importance of 強調……的重要性

單項填空

Things can easily go wrong when people are under ________.

A．stress B．weight C．load D．strength

3. ban v. 禁止；取締 n. 禁令

be banned from doing sth. 被禁止做某事

there be a ban on... 禁止；禁令

4. quit v. 停止(做某事)；離開

quit doing sth. 停止做某事

quit office/one's job 離職

quit oneself of sth.＝be quit of sth. 擺脫某事

單項填空

He decided to ________ the position after quarreling with the manager.

A．stop　 　 B．block　 　 C．loosen　 　 D．quit

5. effect n. 結果；效力

have a good/bad effect on 對……有好/壞的影響

be of no effect 沒效果；無用

take effect(法律)生效；(藥)奏效

bring/put ...into effect 實施

come/go into effect 生效

in effect 事實上；在實施；生效

side effect 副作用

6. desperate adj. 不顧一切的；絕望的

be desperate for 極需要……；極嚮往……

be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事

do sth. desperately 拼命地做某事

in desperation 絕望地；不顧一切地；拼命地

7. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮喪的

be disappointed about/at/in... 對……感到失望

be disappointed to do 做某事失望

be disappointed that... 感到失望……

be disappointing 令人失望的

disappoint sb. 使某人失望

to one's disappointment 令人失望的是

8 ashamed adj. 感到慚愧；羞恥的

be ashamed that... 對……感到羞恥；感到羞愧的是

feel/be ashamed of 對……感到慚愧

feel/be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧

be ashamed to do sth. 恥於做某事

be ashamed of oneself 為自己感到慚愧

It's a shame that... ……遺憾

What a shame that... ……多麼遺憾

9.due to由於…… (不置於句首)

be due to do sth. 預期做某事

be due for sth. 應有；得到

be due to (doing) sth./ sb. 歸因於(做)某事/某人

10. be/become addicted to 對……有癮。 後接doing

addict oneself to 沉迷於；醉心於

addiction to... 對……上癮；習慣於

a video game addict 遊戲迷

11. be/get/become accustomed to 習慣於……

accustom sb./ oneself to (doing) sth. 使某人/自己習慣於(做)某事

be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 習慣於(做)某事

12. feel like (doing) 想要(做)……；感覺自己像

would like to do 想要做

13. in spite of 不顧；不管

despite＝in spite of 儘管……(後接名詞、代詞)

regardless of... 不管，不顧……

注意　despite 和in spite of 是介詞；而although和 though是連詞，引導從句。

__ C ______， she came to school to attend the important lecture.

A．Though being ill B．Although illness C．In spite of illness D．Despite he was ill

14.take/run a risk/ risks 冒險

at risk處境危險；遭受危險

at the risk of 冒……的危險

at one's own risk 自擔風險

at all risks 無論冒什麼危險

run/take the risk of 冒……的危險

risk doing sth. 冒險做某事

15. get into 陷入；染上(習慣)；開始對……感興趣

get into trouble 陷入困境

get into the habit of 染上……的習慣

get into panic 陷入恐慌

get along/on with 進展；相處

get over 克服

get through 接通；完成

get in 收割；募集(捐款)

句型：

1. Do not be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.

即使你非得經過多次戒菸才能最後把它戒掉，你也不要失望。(P19)

before引導時間狀語，除了表示"在……之前"以外，還可以表示"……(之後)才；(不多久)就；不等……就"。多用於下列句型中：

It will take/takes/took sb.some time＋ before 花費時間才……

It is/was long before... 過了……時間才

It won't be long before... 不久就……

It will be long ＋ before... 過……多久才

Unit 4

詞彙：

1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 現象

2. glance at = take a glance at 匆匆一看；掃視

stare at 盯著看；凝視

glare at 瞪著眼看；怒目而視；怒視

3. decrease vt.&vi.

decrease/reduce…to/by…減小，降低到（了）；反義increase

4. exist vi. 存在

existence n.存在 生存 came into existence產生

5.. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供應某物給某人

provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.

offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.

6. compare…to…把……比作

compare…with…把……和……比較

7. come about發生

come across偶然遇到

come out出版，（花）開

8. build up 樹立，逐步建立；增加；增進（健康）；集結

9.. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大體上，基本上，總的來說

as a whole總體上，作為一個整體看待

10. make a difference有關係，有影響，有重要性

make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to…）頗有/沒有/有些/沒有多大/有很大影響（關係）

11. make sense (of)有道理；有意義；講得通；明白；是明智的

12. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受， 容忍

13. so long as = as long as 只要；既然,由於

14.There is no doubt that …. 毫無疑問….

beyond / without doubt無疑地

doubt的賓語從句,肯定句用whether / if ；否定句用 that

15. quantity

a large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的…，許多的…

in quantity;成批地，大量地

a large quantity of/large quantities of之後接可數或不可數名詞。

注意:a large quantity of…作主語，謂語動詞用單數形式。large quantities of…作主語，謂語動詞都用複數

Unit 5

1. appoint v. 任命；委派；約定；指定

appoint sb. to be/as... 任命/指派某人成為……

be appointed as/ to be... 被任命/指派為……

appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事

by appointment 按照約定

make an appointment (with) 與……約會

2.match，fit，suit

match用作及物或不及物動詞，表品質、顏色、設計等方面匹配，即表示"與……相配，和……一致"；fit既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞，多指衣物等尺寸大小"合適，合身"；suit表示"適合"，強調衣服的顏色、式樣、質地等適合某人，也指"合乎需要、口味、性格、條件和地位"等。

Your tie matches your suit well.

你的領帶非常適合你的套裝。

The afterschool programme suits the needs of most of the children.

課外活動適合絕大多數孩子的需要。

Not every shoe fits every foot.

並非每隻鞋都合腳。

3.unconscious adj. 失去知覺的；未察覺的

be unconscious of 未覺察到；未意識到……

fall/become unconscious 失去意識；不省人事

become conscious 清醒過來

be conscious of 意識到……

be conscious that... 意識到；覺察到

4. anxious adj. 憂慮的；不安的

be anxious about 擔心；焦慮

be anxious to do sth. 急切幹某事；渴望做某事

be anxious for 盼望；渴望

anxiety about/over 對……的擔心

anxiety for對……的擔心

anxiety to do sth. 渴望幹某事的急切心情；做……的渴望

5. panic v．/n. 驚慌；恐慌

get into a panic 驚慌失措

be in a panic 處於恐慌，驚恐中

in panic 驚慌地

panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人因驚慌而做某事

panic over 對……感到驚慌

in a state of panic 處於驚恐狀態

注意　panic 的過去式和過去分詞都是panicked；現在分詞是panicking。

6.guarantee v. 保證；擔保

guarantee (sb.) sth. 保證(某人)某事物

guarantee that... 保證、擔保……

guarantee to do 保證做；擔保做

be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定做某事

be under guarantee 在保修期內

give sb. a guarantee (that) 向某人保證

There is no guarantee of... /that... 不能保證……

7. make one's way 前往；向前；慢慢成功

feel one's way 摸索著前進

fight/push one's way 推/擠著前進

wind one's way 蜿蜒前進

force one's way out/in 擠出去/進來

lose one's way 迷路

keep one's way 一直前進

make way for 給……讓路

8.vary from...to 由……到……不等

vary in sth. 在……方面不同；有差異

vary with 隨……變化

a variety of＝varieties of 種種的；各種各樣的

注意　variety n．變化；多樣性；varied adj. 種種的；多姿多彩的；various adj. 種種的(接複數名詞或作表語)。

句型

1. 句中be about to do...when...表示"正要……這時"，when引導的從句有"突然"之意，

還可以用於下列句型中：

be doing ...when；be just about to do...when；be on the way to...when；be on the point of doing sth. ...when；had just done...when

I was about to go out when there was a knock on the door.

我正要出門，這時有人敲門。

He was walking in the street when he caught sight of a car racing towards him.

他正走在街上，突然看見一輛汽車朝他衝了過來。

He was on the way home when a stranger stopped him.

他正在回家的路上，這時有個陌生人攔住了他。

She was on the point of jumping off the building when a policeman came.

她正要跳樓，警察突然攔住了她。

I had just gone to bed when the telephone rang.

我剛上床睡覺，這時電話響了。

2. 句中It's said that... 表示"據說……"，可以替換為"Sb./It is said to..."，其中的不定式可以有多種形式(一般時、完成時、被動語態)。

It is said that another typhoon will come soon.＝ Another typhoon is said to come soon.

據說又要來臺風了

It is said that his fatherinlaw has been infected with AIDS.＝ His fatherinlaw is said to have been infected with AIDS.

據說他岳父感染了艾滋病。

類似句型還有：

It's reported/announced/supposed/hoped/believed that... 據報道/已宣佈/大家認為/大家希望/人們相信

It is wellknown that... 眾所周知……

It has been decided that... 已經決定……

It is suggested that... 有人建議……(從句中用should＋動詞原形，should可省略)

It must be remembered that... 務必記住……

語法：

動詞不定式的特殊用法

1. 　不定式的時態：不定式的一般式to do所表示的動作與謂語動作同時或之後發生；進行式to be doing表示動作正在進行；完成式to have done所表示的動作發生在謂語動作之前。

　The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ________ the world record in the 110meter hurdle race.

A．breaking B．having broken C．to have broken D．to break

【解析】　句中不定式動作發生在謂語動作之前，因而使用不定式的完成時。

(2009·天津)________ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.

A．Competing B．Having completed C．To have completed D．To complete

【解析】　分析句子結構可知，空格部分為動詞不定式作目的狀語；該動作在謂語動作之後發生，因而使用不定式的一般式。

2. 　不定式的語態：不定式的被動式表示其邏輯主語是該不定式動作的承受者。

　(2009·安徽)The play ________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.

A．produced B．being produced

C．to be produced D．having been produced

【解析】　空格部分作後置定語，且表示將來的動作，邏輯主語和非謂語動詞之間有被動關係，因而使用不定式的被動形式。

　That novel is said ________ into over twelve languages by the end of last year.

A．to be translated B．being translated C．having been translated D．to have been translated

【解析】　邏輯主語novel與translate 之間是被動關係，句末時間狀語by the end of暗示使用不定式的完成時。

3. 　不定式的省略：有時為了避免重複，可用to來代替前面提到的不定式。如果在省略不定式結構中有be，have，have been時，這些詞要保留。

　—I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

—Not at all. ________.

A．I've no time B．I'd rather not C．I'd be happy to D．I'd like it

【解析】　I'd be happy to＝I'd be happy to look after your cat.

　(2009·江蘇)—What' s the matter with Della?

—Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ________.

A．hopes to B．hopes so

C．hopes not D．hopes for

【解析】　hopes to是省略形式，不定式符號後省略了"go to the party"。