特殊而又常見的There be句型,你掌握了嗎?

一.there be 句型基本認識

1、定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。

2、結構:

(1)There is +單數可數名詞/不可數名詞+ 地點狀語.

(2) There are +複數名詞+地點狀語.

注意事項: there是引導詞,在句中不充當任何成分,翻譯時也不必譯出。句子的主語是某人或某物,謂語動詞be要與主語(某人或某物)的數保持一致。當主語是兩個或兩個以上的名詞時,謂語動詞要與跟它最近的那個名詞一致。如:

① There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有一隻鳥。

② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我們教室裡有一位老師和許多學生。

③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 樹下有兩個男孩,一個女孩。

二.there be 句型考點

考點一:各種句型轉化。

1、變成否定

There be句型的否定式的構成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣,在be後加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,nota/an/any + n. 相當於no+ n.。例如:

①There are some pictures on the wall.

→There aren't any pictures on the wall.

=There are no pictures on the wall.

②There is a bike behind the tree.

→There isn't a bike behind the tree.

=There is no bike behind the tree.

2、變成一般疑問句

There be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動詞調整到句首,再在句尾加上問號即可。但同時要注意:當肯定句中有some時,要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)。

①There is some water on Mars.

→ Is there any water on Mars?

②There are some fish in the water.

→Are there any fish in the water?

3、特殊疑問句

對主語提問:當主語是人的時候,則用who 引導,當主語是物的時候,則用what引導。注意:無論原句的主語是單數還是複數,對之提問時一般都用be的單數形式(回答時卻要根據實際情況來決定)。如:

①There are many things over there.

→What's over there?

②There is a little girl in the room.

→Who is in the room?

對地點狀語提問:則用where 引導。如:

①There is a computer on the desk.

→ Where is the computer?

②There are four children on the playground.

→Where are the four children?

對數量提問:般有兩種句型結構:

How many+複數名詞+are there+介詞短語?

How much+不可數名詞+is there+介詞短語?

考點二:there be 句型的時態。

be 可以有現在時( there is/are )

過去時 (there was/were)

將來時 (there is/are going to be 或 there will be)

完成時 (there have/has been)

還可用 there must be ,there can’t be, there used to be 等。

①--There ___ a concert this evening.

--Yeah.Exciting news!

A. are going to be

B. is going to be

C. is going to have

D.will have

答案:B

考點三:there be 句型反意疑問句的構成:

be (not) there? 如:

There is some milk in the bottle, ____?

A.isn't there

B.aren't there

C.isn't it

D.are there

答案:A

考點四:there be 句型的主謂一致:

There be 結構中的 be 動詞要和後面所跟名詞保持一致 , 遵循就近原則。如:

1.There___any rice in the bowl.

A. are B.is C. isn’t D. aren’t

2.There ___ many apples on the tree last year.

A. have been

B.were

C. are

D.is

考點五:there be 句型用的其他動詞:

there be 句型中有時不用動詞 be ,而用 come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be , happen to be , 等。如:

There ____ a knife and a forkon the table. (2007黃岡)

A. seems to be

B. seem to be

C. is seeming to be

D. are

剖析:根據就近原則,首先排除B、D,而 there be 句型中有時不用動詞be ,而用come , live ,stand , lie,seem to be等,所以答案應從A、C中選。感官動詞一般不用進行時,故C也不正確。

注意事項:there be 句型與have句型的區別(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區別如下:There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”,它表示所有、擁有關係。如:

He has two sons.

他有兩個兒子。

There are two men in the office.

辦公室裡有兩個男人。

(2)當have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時,There be 句型與其可互換。如:

A week has seven days.

=There are seven days in a week.

一個星期有七天。

三.There be 句型其他用法

1、There be後接表示物的主語時,後面常接不定式作定語,不定式常用主動形式表示被動意義。

There is a lot of work to do. 有許多工作要做(工作被做)。

2、There be後接表示人或動物的主語時,後面長接V-ing形式作定語。

There are some children playing downstairs. 幾個孩子在樓下玩呢。

3、與其他詞連用,構成複合謂語。如:

◆ There may be a heavy rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能有一場大雨。

◆ There used to be a cinema here before the war. 戰前這裡有一個電影院。

◆ There happened to be a man walking by. 恰好有一個人從旁經過。

4、There be結構中的be根據所表達的句意需要,可用live, stand, remain等代替。如:

◆ There seems[appears] something the matter with her. 她好像是出了什麼事似的。

◆ There existed different opinions on this issue. 對這個問題曾有不同看法。

◆ There remained just twenty-eight pounds. 只剩 28 英鎊了。

5、There be結構的反意疑問句應與there be對應,而不是依據主語。如:

◆ There is a radio on the table, isn’t there? 桌上有臺收音機,是嗎?

◆ There aren’t any fish in the river, are there? 河裡沒有魚,是吧?


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