5大基本概念
- 主语：放在谓语动词之前的成分叫做主语
- 谓语动词：一个句子中只有一个谓语
实义动词：生活中含有实际动作意义的动词
系动词：就是be动词或者等同与be动词的词。be动词：就5个，is，am，are，was，were；等同于be动态的词：在句子中可以被be动词替换后语句没问题的词
助动词：帮助动词的词，和帮助的动词共同构成谓语，帮助动词实现各种时态（过去时，将来时）和语态（被动语态），be，have，had，has，do，did。例如 he has worked for 5 days（has worked整个是谓语）
情态动词：can，may，must，should，would
- 宾语：放在实义动词之后的就叫做宾语
- 表语：放在系动词之后的就叫做表语
- 宾补：补充说明宾语的成分就叫宾补
- 定语：就是形容词
- 状语：去除以上6个后剩下的就是状语，例如时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、范围等，副词、介词短语都是状语，一个句子中状语的数量是不固定的
5大基本句型
- 主+谓
- 主+谓+宾
- 主+谓(系动词)+表
- 主+谓+宾+宾补
- 主+谓+宾+宾
并列句
- 用连词连接的基本句型，连词：and，or，but
名词性从句
- 定义：一个句子做了名词的功能就叫做名词性从句，句子变成名词可以通过以下方式：
that+陈述句
whether+一般疑问句的陈述语句（能用yes/no回答的是一般疑问句，转化为陈述句只需要将谓语换回到主语后即可），will you come to beijing tomorrow
特殊疑问句的陈述句（不能用yes/no回答的，例如what/why/when/where/how/who/whose/which等开头的疑问句，转为陈述句只需要把what/how等位置不变，把谓语换到主语后即可），why are you so clever
- 主语从句：
That yaoming is tall is a fact
Whether you will come to Beijing tomorrow is important to me
Why you are so clever is a mystery
- 宾语从句：
We know (that) yaoming is tall（宾语从句才可以省略）
I want to know if/whether you will come to beijing tomorrow（宾语从句才可以用if）
We do not know why you are so clever
- 表语从句：
My opinion is that yaoming is tall
My question is whether you will come to beijing tomorrow
My question is why you are so clever
- 同位语从句：
The opinion that yaoming is tall is right
The question whether you will come to beijing bothers me
The question why you are so clever interests me
形容词性从句（定语从句）
- 定义：一个句子做了形容词的功能就叫做形容词性从句，共9个关系词（6个关系代词+3个关系副词）
- 关系代词：形容人（who/whom/whose/that，有充当语句成分）
This is the man who saved my life
This is the man whom i saved
This is the man whose life was saved by me
- 关系代词：形容物（that/which/as(such/the same...as...,as指代的定语从句可以放开头)，有充当语句成分）
This is the book that i read
This is the book which is very popular
You always work hard, as everybody knows
As is planned, we got there before eight.
I like the girl who is beautiful （限定性定语从句，我喜欢这个漂亮的女孩）
I like the girl, who is beautiful （非限定性定语从句，一般翻译为2句话：我喜欢这个女孩，因为她很漂亮）
- 关系副词：形容时间地点原因（when/where/why，关系词前后是单独正常的语句，不需要充当什么成分）
I can never forget the day when i meet her
I can never forget the place where i met her
I can never forget the reason why she dumped me
副词性从句（状语从句）
- 定义：一个句子做了副词的功能就叫做副词性从句，那些修饰动词、形容词和整个句子的可有可无的成分叫做副词，副词就是状语，表示原因、目的、程度、地点、时间、方式、频率等通常是副词或状语
- 格式：完整句子+连词+完整句子，连词决定状语从句类型
- 时间状语从句
常见时间状语从句连词when/while/as/before/since/till/until，"一...就..."系列As soon as(the moment/minute/second)/once/Hardly...when/no sooner...than，Time系列every time/next time/the first time/by the time
After i finish my homework, I will play games with you
- 地点状语从句where/wherever
You should have put the book where you found it.
- 原因状语从句because/now that/in that
I did not come to work because i was ill
- 目的状语从句so that/such...that
He looked down so that she could not see his eyes
- 条件状语从句if/as long as
If plasitcs are burned , they give off poisonous gases
- 结果状语从句
I did not sleep well last night, so i feel sleepy this morning
- 比较状语从句
You look younger than you are
- 让步状语从句even though/no matter/whatever
Although he studied hard, he did not pass the examination
- 方式状语从句
You must try to hold the tool as i do
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