2019年8月30日，中国互联网络信息中心发布了第44次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》，《报告》显示，截至2019年6月，我国网民总体规模达到8.54亿，其中网络直播用户规模达到43322万，超过网民总数的一半。网络直播作为一种新兴的网络产业，在一片繁华的背后，也滋生了很多乱象和亟待法律规制的问题，比如网络直播内容侵犯他人权益，网络形式涉嫌违法等等，接下来王律师就针对目前网络直播中涉及的主要法律问题进行简单的归纳和分析。
On August 30, 2019, China Internet Network InformationCenter released the 44th Statistical Report on the development of China'sInternet Network. According to the report, by June 2019, the total number ofChina's Internet users had reached to 854 million, among which the number ofwebcast users had reached 433.22 million, more than half of the total number ofInternet users. Live online network as a new industry, behind a bustling, alsobreeds a lot of problems to be legal regulation of the mess and, for example,live online content that infringes on another person's rights, the networkforms of alleged illegal and so on, the next king lawyer is based on thecurrent of the main legal issues involved in the live webcast simple summaryand analysis.
01
关于直播唱歌、打游戏、直播影视剧涉及的法律问题
当前直播种类中有一部分主播用歌声“圈粉”，通过在其直播间翻唱他人作品收获打赏，并与平台分成，一部分主播直播打网游，还有一部分主播是直播网剧电影等影视作品。
At present, there are some anchors who "circlefans" with their songs, and reward them by covering other people's worksin their live broadcast rooms, and share with the platform. Some anchors liveplay online games, and some anchors live TV dramas and movies.
上面所举的三种直播形式，最容易侵犯的就是别人的知识产权，以唱歌为例，有些主播演唱的作品往往并未获得任何授权，其通过翻唱他人作品收获打赏盈利，并不构成合理使用，已经涉嫌侵犯他人的著作权。同样直播打游戏也可能侵犯了他人的著作权，广东高院关于广州网易计算机系统有限公司起诉广州华多网络科技有限公司网络游戏直播侵权案中论述到：“梦幻西游”网络游戏连续动态画面整体构成“以类似摄制电影的方法创作的作品”，应受到著作权法保护。华多公司未经许可组织主播人员直播涉案游戏，并从中抽成获利，直接侵害了网易公司的著作权。法院判决其停止侵权，并赔偿网易公司2000万元。
The three forms of live broadcasting mentionedabove are most likely to infringe the intellectual property rights of others.Take singing as an example. Some anchors often sing works without anyauthorization, and they earn profits by covering other people's works, whichdoes not constitute fair use and has been suspected of infringing others'copyright. Also live playing video games may also violate the copyright ofothers, the court in Guangdong about Guangzhou netease computer system co.,LTD., sued more network technology co., LTD., Guangzhou China network game liveinfringement is discussed to: "fantasy westward journey" network gameof continuous dynamic picture the whole works of "by virtue of theanalogous method of film creation", shall be protected by copyright law.Huaduo company organized anchors to broadcast the game without permission andmade profits from it, which directly infringed the copyright of neteasecompany. The court ordered him to stop the infringement and pay 20 million yuanto netease.
02
直播带货产生的法律问题
主播在直播平台推荐商品，如果其只是收取服务费，那么他的角色属于广告代言人；如果主播四处搜罗、囤积超低价商品，只卖自己店铺里的货，则其成为销售者；有的网红主播不满足于替人卖货，开始自创品牌、自产自销，则其属于生产者。
An anchor recommends commodities on a livestreaming platform. If the host only collects service fees, then his rolebelongs to advertising spokesman. If anchors scrounging, hoarding, and sellingonly the goods in their own stores, they become sellers. Some web celebrityanchors are not satisfied with the people to sell goods, began to create theirown brand, self-produced self-marketing, it belongs to the producer.
主播作为广告代言人需要遵守《广告法》的规定，不得使用“最好”、“最佳”等词语，不得代言医疗、药品、医疗器械、保健食品的广告。如果直播推荐的产品出现质量问题，广告代言人法律规定的范围内与广告主承担连带责任。如果主播作为生产者、销售者，对于直播商品的质量问题是需要按照我国《消费者权益保护法》、《产品质量法》、《食品安全法》等法律中关于生产者、销售者的有关规定。带货主播们，一旦带货“翻车”，就要承担更多的民事赔偿责任、市场监管给予的行政处罚风险，更有甚者要承担刑事法律责任。例如欺诈消费者的“三倍赔偿责任”,违反食品安全标准的“十倍赔偿责任”。
Anchors as advertising spokesmen need to abide bythe provisions of the advertising law, shall not use the words"best", "best" and other words, shall not endorse medical,drug, medical equipment, health food advertising. If the product recommended bylive broadcast has quality problems, the advertising spokesperson shall bearjoint and several liability with the advertiser within the scope stipulated bylaw. If anchors are producers and sellers, the quality problem of livebroadcast commodities should be in accordance with the relevant provisions onproducers and sellers in China's consumer rights and interests protection law,product quality law, food safety law and other laws. Belt goods advocate sowpeople, once take goods "roll over", be about to bear more civilcompensation responsibility, the risk of administrative penalty that the marketsupervises gives, more even want to assume criminal law responsibility. Such as"triple liability" for defrauding consumers and "tenfoldliability" for violating food safety standards.
03
成年人打赏主播如何追回打赏的财产
最近网络上也报道了很多未成年人巨额打赏主播的新闻，那么家长如何追回款项呢？
Recently, the Internet has also reported a lot ofnews about minors giving huge rewards to anchors, so how can parents recoverthe money?
从法律上我们首先要区分法律关系到底是什么？“赠与”还是“消费”，其实怎样定性要分情况看待，如果未成年人是基于喜欢、欣赏而打赏主播，这样的行为性质应当是赠与行为。如果打赏是带有一定的目的性或者点歌、点舞等这种情况是用消费来购买服务，可能涉及消费者权益保护法的相关规定。对打赏进行法律定性以后，就能按照相应的法律来判定是否能够退回金额。
Legally we first have to distinguish what is alegal relationship? "Gift" or "consumption", in fact, howto determine how to treat the situation, if minors are based on love,appreciation and reward anchor, such behavior should be a gift behavior. If thereward is given with a certain purpose or song, dance and so on, this case isto use consumption to buy services, may involve the relevant provisions of theconsumer protection law. After the legal nature of the reward, according to thecorresponding law to determine whether the amount can be returned.
其次就是主体主体的问题，那就是如何证明是未成年人操作的，未成年人打赏时使用家长手机，家长的账户，充值后又将充值短信予以删除，除非家庭无死角安装摄像头，否则家长很难举证是否是未成年人进行操作。在这一快我们建议家长可以从充值时间来推定，比如一般都是在孩子放学后，或者晚饭后玩耍时间推定打赏主体，进而运用我国民法总则关于未成年人合同效力的规定，要求退款。
The second is the problem of the main body, thatis, how to prove the operation of minors, minors use parents' mobile phones, parents'accounts, after the recharge will be deleted recharge SMS, unless there is nodead corner of the family installed camera, or it is difficult for parents toprove whether the operation of minors. In this case, we suggest that parentscan infer from the time of recharge, for example, generally in the childrenafter school, or after dinner play time presumption reward subject, and thenapply the general provisions of our civil law on the effectiveness of thecontract of minors, to demand a refund.
网络并非法外之地，直播作为一种新型消费模式，设计的法律问题方方面面，作为主播应当遵守关于主播的法律法规，作为消费者需要掌握如何利用法律维护自己的合法权益，从而促进网络健康有序发展，维护社会秩序。
As a new consumption mode, live broadcasting isdesigned in all aspects of legal issues. Anchors should abide by laws andregulations on anchors, and consumers should know how to use laws to protecttheir legitimate rights and interests, so as to promote the healthy and orderlydevelopment of the network and maintain social order.
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