達澳學院知識講堂開課啦
實時掌握當下流行詞彙
快速掌握PTE最佳考點
開講第二課
“有關病毒的聽力題”
Hello 同學們，上期跟大家講了關於新型冠狀病毒的一些相關知識，相信大家都一樣非常關心疫情的發展情況。
為了我們自身的安全，我們在跟進事件發展的同時，也需要重視自身的防護措施。
首先，我們照樣通過一段話來認識一些相關單詞。
最近，大家談論最多的物資應該就是口罩（mask），洗手液（sanitizer）和消毒液（disinfectant）。
外出時佩戴口罩及護目鏡（goggle），多使用肥皂（soap）或帶酒精的洗手液清潔，都可以減少感染（infection）的可能。 而人們做的最多的事情就是在家裡自我隔離（self-quarantine），減少外出頻率，避免與人直面接觸。
即使外出，在上下高速（expressway）時，進出小區（residential area）或酒店，人們都會接受體溫槍（temperature laser gun）測試體溫，以確保安全。
接著，我們就來學習一下在PTE聽力考試中考過的與疾病相關的重要內容。
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SST部分
Mary Mallon 130107
Mary Mallon was an asymptomatic carrier of typhoid fever which is a scary disease and can lead to death. Although Mary spread the disease without knowing it, doctors found the bacteria was in her gallbladder. Despite the prohibition by the government, Mary continued to work anonymously, leading the death of many people. Therefore, Mallon was quarantined for the remainder of her life. (61 words)
Pandemic Transmitting 130085
The lecturer was discussing pandemic, which has a catastrophic effect on many aspects of public health. Therefore, an unprecedented amount of preparation has been carried out in the United States, such as better prevention, clinical management. Besides this, the federal government has put a tremendous amount of resources into medical development. However, developing countries do not have that many resources. (59 words)
FIB部分
150078
1.So a virus is something that you can’t see by normal light microscopy, you need very advanced techniques for electron microscopy to see it, but that virus is not able to reproduce itself without a host and us as human beings are made up of lots of different cell types and we are interested in understanding at the molecular level how that virus infects the liver and why does it infect the liver and it doesn’t infect the heart or it doesn’t infect other tissues.
151024
2.Mosquitoes are an unpleasant fact of summer. But 2012 has been especially bad for running into these irritating insects. Because some carry West Nile Virus. And they're known to have infected some 2,000 people in 48 states this year. At least 87 people have died from the infection, which can cause swelling in the brain. Almost half of the cases have been in Texas. And to lower the risk of infection, some areas have taken extreme measures, including aerial pesticide spraying. But people can take some simple measures on their own to reduce their risk. In an essay in Annals of Internal Medicine, public health experts make recommendations. First, simply avoid areas likely to have mosquitoes. And if you can't—or don't want to—stay indoors, wear long clothes that cover your skin and use insect repellant. Eliminating standing water, such as that pooled in puddles or unused containers, can also help reduce mosquito breeding grounds and populations overall.Stopping the mosquitoes' spread helps in the long run—which is what we have to deal with. Because scientists say that West Nile virus is, unfortunately, here to stay.
151070
3. It's not easy being yellow: bananas now face two separate fungal epidemics, which threaten to pluck the fruit off of our tables. Fortunately, researchers have now sequenced banana DNA, producing the genome of a banana variety that may hold the secret to defeating the diseases .The report is in the journal Nature. Today, half of all bananas, including the ones you probably buy, belong to the Cavendish variety, whose popularity stems in part from having no seeds. But this trait also removes sexual reproduction from the equation. The bananas are thus all genetically identical —and identically vulnerable to the two fungal epidemics, Panama disease and black leaf streak disease. Researchers sequenced the genome of a banana variety called DH-Pahang, whose genes contributed to the Cavendish. While the genome shows where this fruit fits in the history of plant evolution, it could also help researchers understand why DH-Pahang, unlike its descendant, is resistant to the funguses behind both Panama and black leaf streak disease. Knowing the genes responsible for this resistance could help breeders create stronger, more resistant bananas. Which has a lot of appeal.
150046
4.Malaria is a tropical disease, right? Actually, malaria parasites can be found as far north as Alaska—at least in birds. And a warming climate may push avian malaria even farther north by the end of the century, according to a study in the journal PLoS ONE. Researchers took blood from nearly 700 birds around Anchorage, Fairbanks and a truck stop called Coldfoot, Alaska, above the Arctic Circle at 67 degrees north latitude . And they found the parasite in 7 percent of the birds at the two southerly sites. Some were migrants , and may have picked up the disease down south. But others were hatchlings and resident birds—indicating the parasite can complete its full life cycle in the Great White North. The parasite doesn't seem to have hopped north of Fairbanks yet. But temperatures in the Arctic are rising at twice the global average, and researchers say malaria could cross into the Arctic Circle by 2080. Once it gets there, it could attack species like snowy owls, which have never been exposed to malaria, and may not have resistance to the disease. Talk about a buzzkill
151011
5.People with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other breathing disorders need fast relief when their airways tighten up. Unfortunately, the most commonly used medication has obnoxious side effects. But scientists recently discovered that a bitter taste can be a more effective treatment — and now they know why. The work is published in PLoS Biology. When an asthma attack hits, the airway shrinks and makes breathing difficult. To keep air flowing, the sufferer must take medication to relax the passage's muscles and open it back up. But a couple years ago, researchers discovered airways contain bitter taste receptors like the ones on the tongue. After exposure to bitter substances , the receptors can expand the airway more quickly and more effectively than the most commonly used treatment. Researchers examined airway tissue to learn why bitterness makes the muscles relax. During an asthma attack, calcium flows into the cells of the airway and contributes to muscle contraction. But bitter substances block the channels that allow calcium into cells, which relaxes the tightened tissue. And that's the opposite of a bitter pill
WFD部分
202058
The terms of illnesses and diseases are often confused despite the clear differences
202011
The illnesses and diseases are coming.
201920
The disease that was serious has now been eradicated
201330
The findings of researchers are focused on the causes of diseases and treatments.
以上就是本期的相關知識點
下一期疾病相關listening約定你！
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