新概念英语第三册Lesson16
重点词汇句型语法解析及课文翻译
Lesson 16 Mary had a little lamb
第一部分 重点词汇解析拓展
1. possession n. a piece of personal property 个人财产，私人财物
The villagers had to gather up their few possessions and escape to the hills.村民们不得不收拾起仅有的一点财物，逃到山里去。
A. 固定搭配:
in possession of having, holding, or owning something; ownership占有，持有，拥有
He was found by the police in possession of dangerous drugs.他被发现藏有危险药品。
B. possess v. 拥有，占有，具有（某种品质）
2. prize n. (for) 奖品，奖赏，奖金
The boy students competed with each other for the prize.那些男生为赢得奖品而互相竞争。
习惯搭配won a prize得奖的，获奖的
She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。
2. 奖品的，作为奖品的
He will use the prize money to help pay for my education.他要用这笔奖金支付我的部分学费。
3. 引申的偏僻词义: 一流的，完全的
He’s a prize idiot, for he always makes a mess of things.他是个不折不扣的大笨蛋，因为他总是把事情弄糟。
4. vt. to value highly珍视；珍爱
The girl’s mobile phone is her most prized possession.这女孩子把她的手机看作最宝贵的财产。
I prized our friendship above everything else.我把我们的友谊看得比其他什么更宝贵。
5. prize adj. 珍贵的，宝贵的
a prized student模范学生
He is a prize spacimen of human race.他是人中楷模。
She is a prize idiot.她是个十足的蠢货。
3.tie v. tied; tying (present participle)
A. tie vt.to fasten with a cord, rope, etc[用绳、带等] 系、拴、扎、捆
She tied her horse to a tree.她把马拴在一棵树上。
Tie this label onto your suitcase.把这标签系到你的手提箱上。
tie……to…… 把……拴/系在……
B. ties 亲密关系
family 亲属关系, ties of friendship友好关系
4. fetch vt. (去某处)拿来(包含去和回的动作，即一去一回)
He went and fetched another glass.他又去拿了一个杯子。
词汇拓展：
近义词辨析:
fetch是去某处去拿某物，而bring是将某物带到你所在的地方。试比较：
如果你去办公室，请顺便把我的笔记本带过来，行吗？
If you are going to the office, would you mind bringing me my notebook please?
take 则是将某物从此处拿到另一处
Take the mobile phone to your father, and he is reading in the sitting room.把手机拿给你父亲, 他正在起居室看书呢。
5. missing adj. that cannot be found; not in the proper or expected place; lost找不到的，丢失的
Some important figures are missing from this report.这个报告遗漏了一些重要的数字。
lost: adj. that cannot be found by the owner遗失的，丢失的
a lost dog走失的狗
We got lost in the snow.我们在雪中迷了路。
lost: no longer possessed or existing失去的，不复存在的
one’s lost youth逝去的青春
a lost art失传的艺术
lost: not used, obtained, or won 错过的；未好好利用的；没能赢得的
a lost opportunity错过的机遇
词语辨析: missing and lost这两个动词都可以表示“丢失”，“失去”的意思。
lose 语气较强，一般指失去不易找回。miss 有“发现失去”的意思，指东西找不到，但有找到的希望。
The man lost an arm in the war.那个人在战争中失去了一只胳膊。
She missed her child in the street.她在街上把孩子丢了。
一般情况下两者是可互相替换。
I have lost my umbrella.我把伞丢了。
On my way home, I missed my umbrella.回家路上，我发觉我的伞不见了。
作定语时，lose 用过去分词形式，miss 用现在分词形式。
They set out to look for the missing girl at once.他们立即出发去寻找丢失的女孩。
miss 可以表示“想念”的意思，lose则不能。
We shall all miss you when you go away.你不在时我们都会想念你的。
6. acquire v. (尤指通过个人的工作、技艺、行动等而) 取得，获得，得到
I managed to acquire four tickets for the film.我设法弄到了四张电影票。
They have recently acquired new offices in central Guangzhou.他们最近在广州市中心弄到了新的办公室。
7. accuse v. 指责，谴责；控告，告发
He was accused of murder.他被控犯了谋杀罪。
They are accusing the young fellow of cheating?他们在指责那家伙欺骗。
固定搭配: accuse sb. of doing……因……指控/指责， 用accuse表达的“指责/指控”通常比较直接、尖锐，但所指控/指责的事情也可能并不是很严重。
My wife is always accusing me of being careless in my housework.我老婆总是指责我家务工作马大哈。
如果是“指控”较严重的事情，通常较多使用charge,因为charge更强调具有“正式的法律程序”之意。但是，要特别注意这两个词在结构使用上不同：
The president was accused of taking bribes.总统因受贿被指控。
The local merchants
were charged with jacking up prices.那商人因哄抬物价被指控。特别提醒
accuse sb.……of……
charge sb.……with……
8. deny vt. 否认，拒绝给与……
(1) 否认
They at court denied both the charges brought against them.他们在庭上否认对他们的两项指控。
She denied that he was responsible for the traffic accident.她否认她应对那一交通事故负责。
Jackson，who was charged with killing two children ten years ago, denied doing anything illegal.被指控十年前谋杀两名儿童的杰克逊否认做过任何违法的事情。
词汇拓展: 从上述例句中可以看出，在deny一词后可跟名词宾语、that从句或v-ing结构。
(2) 拒绝给予，拒绝某人的要求。
He was denied a fair and open trial.他未能得到一个公正、公开的审判。
Don't deny yourself pleasure.不要有乐不享。
特别注意:
(3) deny作拒绝词义时后面跟双宾语。
(4) 常见只能用动名词作宾语的动词，这些动词不可使用动词不定式作宾语：
admit (承认), appreciate (欣赏), avoid (避免), consider (考虑), enjoy (欣赏，喜欢), excuse (原谅), finish (完成), give up (放弃), can’t help (忍不住), imagine (想象), mention (提及), mind (在意), put off (推迟), can’t stand (不能忍受), suggest (建议)等，如：
9.apologize vi. 道歉，认错
apologize to……for……因……向……道歉
The boy apologized to his neighbour for having broken the window.男孩因打碎了邻居家的窗户向他们道歉。
He apologized to his mother for being late.他为迟到而向妈妈认错。
10. dye v. (dyes, dyed, dyeing)给……染色；把……染成(……色)
She often dyes her hair.她经常染头发。
Sunset dyed the sky red.夕阳染红了天空。
Mother dyed the dress green.妈妈把连衣裙染成绿色。
第二部分 重点句型难句解析及翻译
一、One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her.玛丽最珍贵的财产之一就是丈夫送给她的一只白色小羔羊。
本句是一个主从复合句，包含一个定语从句which her husband had given her.
possession: 所有物
What I possess is valuable.我所拥有的一切都很值钱。
My possessions are valuable. 我所拥有的一切都很值钱。
possession的近义词：belonging: 随身携带物（通常是用复数形式belongs）
二、She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening.白天，玛丽把羔羊拴在地里的一颗树上，每天晚上把它牵回家。可是，一天晚上，那只小羔羊失踪了。
keep:使......处于某种状态，keep后是复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词、介词短语、分词
(1)keep和过去分词搭配做宾语补足语，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
I keep my windows closed.
(2)宾语补足语和宾语是主谓关系，那么宾语补足语是现在分词结构
I kept the boy standing outside.
三、The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen. 绳子被人割断，很明显小羔羊是被人偷走了。
It is obvious that…显而易见
注意本句的两处过去完成时的用法
四、Dimitri at once set out to find the thief. He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village.他马上出去找偷羔羊的人。他知道在这样一个小村庄里抓住小偷并不困难。
set out to do sth. 开始着手做某事
it would not prove difficult 是不难做到的
prove 是连系动词，作“证明是”讲，该句相当于it would not be difficult
五、He told him he had better return it or he would call the police.他告诉他最好把羊交还，否则就去叫警察。
1. had better...or...最好...否则...
You’d better be there or you will never see me again. 你最好到那去，不然你就再也见不到我了。
2. or: 否则，相当于or else: (口语) 否则……
He must be ill, or he wouldn’t have been absent. 他一定是生病了，要不他就不会缺席了。
Your room is so dirty. Clear it promptly, or else you should move out at once. 你的屋子真脏。立马打扫干净，否则你就立刻搬出去。
六、Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his back-yard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black.阿列科不承认，并把迪米特里领进院子。不错，他的确刚买了一只羔羊，阿列科解释说，但他的羔羊是黑色的。
1. lead vt.& vi. 引导，指引，其过去式和过去分词均为：led, 现在分词是：leading
特别注意: lead to 作导致词义时，to后接v+ing形式
He led us to his home. 他把我们领回家。
2. It is true that..., but... 诚然......, 但是......
It is true that the work is hard, but we’ll finish it ahead. 虽然很难做，但是我们会提前完成的。
3. explain v.解释, 作n.拼写是: explanation
七、 Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. 迪米特里为自己的鲁莽而感到不好意思，向阿列科道了歉，说是错怪了他。
1. Ashamed of having acted so rashly 由于为刚才鲁莽的行为感到惭愧。可被视为省略了分词being的形容词短语形式。
(being)+过去分词、现在分词，或形容词结构做时间、原因、方式或伴随状语，放在主句前后均可。实际上，英语中单独使用形容词或形容词短语构成各类状语的情况很常见。形容词，过去分词，现在分词其前省略being做“时间、方式、原因”状语
(1) 表示时间
High in spirits, she is very talkative. 情绪好时，他是很健谈的。
(2) 表示情况或方式
Excited and breathless, he rushed into the meeting room.他异常激动，气喘吁吁地冲进了会议室。
(3) 表示原因。
Afraid of getting into the rain, he took the raincoat with him when he went out.由于担心被淋雨，他他出去时带上了雨衣。
2. ashamed adj. (of) feeling shame or guilt because of something done.羞耻的，内疚的，惭愧的
be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧
(1) He was much ashamed of what he had done.他为他所做的事情感到极为羞愧。
(2) He was ashamed of having lied to her.他因对她说了谎而感到内疚。
(3) He was ashamed that he had lied.他很惭愧自己说了谎。 (4)Their disgraceful behaviour made me ashamed to be British! 他们不光彩的行为是我耻于做英国人。
3. apologize to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人道歉
4. accuse vt.指控，
构成固定搭配：accuse sb. of sth. 指控\\指责某人。因……指控/指责， 用accuse表达的“指责/指控”通常比较直接、尖锐，但所指控/指责的事情也可能并不是很严重。
My wife is always accusing me of being careless in my housework.我老婆总是指责我家务工作马大哈。
如果是“指控”较严重的事情，通常较多使用charge,因为charge更强调具有“正式的法律程序”之意。但是，要特别注意这两个词在结构使用上不同，比较：
The president was accused of taking bribes.总统因受贿被指控。
The local merchants were charged with jacking up prices.那商人因哄抬物价被指控。
第三部分课文翻译参考(重点句型用粗体标出)
Lesson16 Mary had a little lamb
Mary and her husband Dimitri lived in the tiny village of Perachora in southern Greece. One of Mary's prize possessions was a little white lamb which her husband had given her. She kept it tied to a tree in a field during the day and went to fetch it every evening. One evening, however, the lamb was missing. The rope had been cut, so it was obvious that the lamb had been stolen. When Dimitri came in from the fields, his wife told him what had happened. Dimitri at once set out to find the thief.
He knew it would not prove difficult in such a small village. After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new lamb. Dimitri immediately went to Aleko's house and angrily accused him of stealing the lamb. He told him he had better return it or he would call the police. Aleko denied taking it and led Dimitri into his back-yard. It was true that he had just bought a lamb, he explained, but his lamb was black. Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko for having accused him. While they were talking it began to rain and Dimitri stayed in Aleko's house until the rain stopped. When he went outside half an hour later, he was astonished to find that the little black lamb was almost white. Its wool, which had been dyed black, had been washed clean by the rain !
玛丽与丈夫迪米特里住在希腊南部一个叫波拉考拉的小村庄里。玛丽最珍贵的财产之一就是丈夫送给她的一只白色小羔羊。白天，玛丽把羔羊拴在地里的一颗树上，每天晚上把它牵回家。可是，一天晚上，那只小羔羊失踪了。绳子被人割断，很明显小羔羊是被人偷走了。迪米特里从地里回来，妻子把情况跟他一说，他马上出去找偷羔羊的人。
他知道在这样一个小村庄里抓住小偷并不困难。把失窃的事告诉几个朋友后，迪米特里发出他的邻居阿列科家突然多了一只小羔羊。迪米特里立刻去了阿列科家，气呼呼地指责他偷了羔羊，告诉他最好把羊交还，否则就去叫警察。阿列科不承认，并把迪米特里领进院子。不错，他的确刚买了一只羔羊，阿列科解释说，但他的羔羊是黑色的。迪米特里为自己的鲁莽而感到不好意思，向阿列科道了歉，说是错怪了他。就在他俩说话的时候，天下起了雨，迪米特里便呆在阿列科家里避雨，一直等到雨停为止。半小时后，当他从屋里出来时，他惊奇地发现小黑羔羊全身几乎都变成白色。原来羊毛上染的黑色被雨水冲掉了！
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