It構成的句型小結
一、 It作形式主語的句型
為使句子平衡，往往把it置於句首作形式主語，而把真正的主語（通常是不定式短語、動名詞短語或主語從句）移至句末。It 作形式主語的句型有：
㈠ it 代指不定式短語的句型
1. It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth.
做某事花去某人多長時間
Just a minute, it won't take me long to change. 等一下,我很快就可以換好衣服。
It takes five minutes to walk there. 走到那裡需要5分鐘。
It took me three days to prepare for the examination. 我花了三天準備那次考試。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 買那樣一幢房子需要很多錢。
2. It takes + 名詞 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要… …
It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.
對安妮來說，教我說話需要極大的信心和想象力。
It takes time for them to prepare for the great changes that take place in space.
他們需要很多時間準備應付太空中所發生的巨大變化。
3. It is + 形容詞 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是… …的
for sb. 的句型 常用於表示事物的特徵特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等。
of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。
It was kind of you to help us. 謝謝你對我們的幫助。
What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? 什麼時候我再給你打電話最合適？
It’s very good of you to have listened to me. 感謝你能聽我講。
4. It is + 名詞 + to do sth. 做某事是… …的
常用於該句型的名詞有：manners, duty, fun, good, a great honour等。
As a student, it is bad manners to come late to class. 作為學生，上課遲到是沒有禮貌的。
It is our duty to pay taxes to our government. 向政府交稅是我們的義務。
5. It is + one’s turn + to do sth. 輪到某人做某事
It was my turn to clean the blackboard. 輪到我擦黑板了。
It is his turn to take the children to school. 今天該輪到他送孩子們上學了。
6. It is + up to sb. + to do sth. 做某事是某人的責任或義務
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can. 我們理應竭盡所能地給予他們幫助。
It’s up to you to decide whether to go or not. 應該由你決定是否去。
Up to you! 由你來定！
㈡ it 代指動名詞短語的句型
7. It is + 名詞 + doing sth. 做某事是… …用於該句型的名詞有：no good, no use等。
It’s no use talking to him about it. 和他談論此事是沒用的。
It’s no use/good (in) crying over spilt/spilled milk. 事已至此，後悔也無用。（牛奶已潑，哭也沒用。）
8. It + be + 名詞 + that從句
用於該句型中的名詞有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder等。慣用句型有：
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識
It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是……
It is no wonder that … 難怪 … … （No wonder! 難怪呢）
例如：
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake真遺憾，她犯了這樣一個錯誤。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
It is a thousand pity/ thousand pities that he missed the chance. 他錯過了這次機會真是太可惜了。
It is no wonder that he has passed the examination. 難怪他考試及格了。
It is a shame that you have to leave so soon. 你必須這麼早離開，真遺憾。
It was a stupid thing that he didn’t listen to his teacher. 他不聽老師的話，真蠢。
It is a great honour that he receive that prize. 他得到了那個獎真是無上的榮耀。
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