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接下來我們繼續來看第57課的“每課一句”:
一、課文原文
Lesson 57 An unusual day
It is eight o'clock. The children go to school by car every day, but today, they are going to school on foot.
It is ten o'clock. Mrs. Sawyer usually stays at home in the morning, but this morning, she is going to the shops.
It is four o’clock. In the afternoon, Mrs. Sawyer usually drinks tea in the living room. But this afternoon, she is drinking tea in the garden.
It is six o’clock. In the evening, the children usually do their homework, but this evening, they are not doing their homework. At the moment, they are playing in the garden.
It is nine o’clock. Mr. Sawyer usually reads his newspaper at night. But he is not reading his newspaper tonight. At the moment, he is reading an interesting book.
——選自《新概念英語》第一冊,外語教學與研究出版社,1997年10月第1版
二、每課一句
The children go to school by car every day, but today, they are going to school on foot.
本課主要是複習對比一般現在時與現在進行時的用法,需要注意這兩種時態的標誌詞及其動詞的形式變化。
(一)一般現在時
1、標誌詞
常見的是頻度副詞(也叫頻率副詞),如:
always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never
也有頻率更高的表達,即every系列,如:
every day, every week, every Saturday
此外,today、tonight以及this系列的時間(如this morning),也常用於現在進行時。
2、動詞的第三人稱單數
因為受漢語的影響,很多人在使用一般現在時的時候,如果主語是第三人稱單數,是比較容易出錯的,他們往往會忘了要在動詞後面進行第三人稱單數的形式變化。
常見的動詞的第三人稱單數的變化規則是:
1、直接在動詞後加-s,如:
work - works
play - plays
rain - rains
2、在動詞後加-es,但這種情況分以下幾種規則:
1)在以-sh/-x/-ch/-s/-ss結尾的動詞後,如:
wash - washes
fix - fixes
watch - watches
miss - misses
2)在以“輔音字母+y”結尾的動詞後,先改y為i,再加-es,如:
study - studies
cry - cries
fly - flies
3)以“輔音字母+o”結尾的動詞後,如:
go - goes
do - does
veto - vetoes
【注意】
動詞have的三單是特殊的,要直接變為has。
(二)現在進行時
1、標誌詞
常見的有:
now
at the moment
Look/Listen等呼語
2、動詞的現在分詞
動詞的現在分詞主要有以下變化規則:
1、直接加-ing,如:
work - working
play - playing
rain - raining
2、以不發音的e結尾的動詞,先去e,再加-ing,如:
take - taking
arrive - arriving
joke - joking
3、以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞,先雙寫最後一個輔音字母,再加-ing,如:
stop - stopping
run - running
swim - swimming
【注意】
die、lie、tie等動詞,要先改-ie為y,然後再加-ing。如:
die - dying
lie - lying
tie - tying
三、更多拓展
Mrs. Sawyer usually stays at home in the morning, but this morning, she is going to the shops.
要注意動詞的第三人稱的詞尾-s或-es的發音規則。
(一)-s的發音
一般情況下,-s的發音遵循“清清濁元濁”的原則,即:
1、-s如果接在清輔音後面,則讀作清輔音/s/,如:works,其中的-k讀作清輔音/k/,所以-s讀作清輔音/s/。
2、-s如果接在濁輔音或元音後面,則讀作濁輔音/z/,如:plays和rains,其中的-ay和-n分別讀作元音/eɪ/和濁輔音/n/,所以-s讀作濁輔音/z/。
【注意】
如果-s接在以t或d結尾的動詞後面,則會與t或d一起發音,t和s讀作/ts/,d和s讀作/dz/,如:
cuts [kʌts]
rides [raɪdz]
(二)-es的發音
其常見的發音規則是:
1、在以-sh/-x/-ch/-s/-ss結尾的動詞後,讀作/ɪz/,如:
washes [wɒʃɪz]
fixes [fɪksɪz]
watches [wɒtʃɪz]
misses [mɪsʃɪz]
2、在以“輔音字母+y”和以“輔音字母+o”結尾的動詞後,讀作/z/,如:
studies ['stʌdiz]
goes [ɡəʊz]