高考英語之倒裝句考點總結

英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動詞的前面。如果將句子的主語和謂語完全顛倒過來,這稱之為完全倒裝。如果只將助動詞或情態動詞移至主語之前,謂語的其他部分仍保留在主語的後面,這稱之為部分倒裝。

一.部分倒裝

1.否定副詞位於句首時的倒裝

在正式文體中,never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意義副詞若位於句首,則其後要用部分倒裝:

I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him.

我永遠不會寬恕他。

He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner.

他很少出去吃飯。

She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music.

她幾乎沒時間聽音樂。

He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白這個會議的重要性。

We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.

我們剛到機場,飛機就起飛了。

注意

(1) 對於not…until句型,當not until…位於句首時,其後的主句要用倒裝語序:

He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之後他才離開這房間。

(2) 某些起副詞作用的介詞短語,由於含有否定詞,若位於句首,其後要用部分倒裝:

On no accounts must this switch be touched. 這個開關是絕不能觸摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.無論如何我也不會再借錢給他了。

但是,in no time(立即,馬上)位於句首時,其後無需用倒裝語序:

In no time he worked out the problem. 他馬上就算出了那道題。

2.“only+狀語”位於句首時的倒裝

當一個狀語受副詞only的修飾且置於句首時,其後用部分倒裝語序:

Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那時他才意識到他錯了。

Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家裡時,才知道出了什麼事。

3.“so+adj. / adv.”位於句首時的倒裝

副詞so後接形容詞或副詞位於句首時,其後用部分倒裝:

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷,我們只好呆在家裡。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我們幾乎沒法想像它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然,我們來不及逃跑。

4.“so+助動詞+主語”倒裝

當要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合於後者,通常就要用“So+助動詞+主語”這種倒裝結構:

You are young and so am I. 你年輕,我也年輕。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜歡音樂,我也喜歡。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。

注意

(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情況,要表示後者也屬於同樣的否定情況,則應將其中的so改為neither或nor:

You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年輕,我也不年輕。

She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她沒有讀它,我也沒有讀。

(2) 注意該結構與表示強調或同意的“so+主語+特殊動詞”結構的區別:

"It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的確很冷。”

"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸,你答應過的。”“嗯,是答應過。” @簡單高中生

5.由not only…but also引出的倒裝

當not only…but also位於句首引出句子時,not only 後的句子通常用部分倒裝形式:

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不僅是一位教師,而且是一位詩人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確,也講得更不費勁了。

6.虛擬條件句的省略與倒裝

當if引導的虛擬條件從句中含有had, were, should等時,如將if省略,則要將had, were, should等移到主語前,構成倒裝句:

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天來,你就會見到他了。

Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什麼,可以給我打電話。

Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你幫助,我會仍然無家可歸。

注意

省略if後提前的had不一定是助動詞:

Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有錢,我就會買它。


二.完全倒裝

1. here 和there位於句首時的倒裝

表示地點的here和 there位於句首時,其後用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝句的謂語通常是動詞be和come, go等表示移動或動態的不及物動詞:

Here’s Tom. 湯姆在這裡。

There’s Jim. 吉姆在那兒。

Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。

There goes the bell. 鈴響了。

There goes the last train. 最後一班火車開走了。

注意

(1) 以上倒裝句中的謂語動詞come和go不能用進行時態,即不能說 Here is coming the bus。

(2) 若主語為代詞,則不倒裝:

Here I am. 我在這兒。/ 我來了。

Here it comes. 它來了。

(3) 其中的動詞有時也可能是stand, lie, live等表示狀態的動詞(表示存在):

There stood a desk against the wall. 靠牆放著一張書桌。

Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 從前有個人名叫比夫。

2. away和down等位於句首時的倒裝

地點副詞away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位於句首時,其後用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動態的不及物動詞:

Away went the runners. 賽跑選手們跑遠了。

Round and round flew the plane. 飛機盤旋著。

The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 門開了,史密斯先生進了來。

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,傘都撐起來了。

注意

若主語為人稱代詞,則不能用倒裝:

Away he went. 他跑遠了。

Down it came. 它掉了下來。

3.狀語或表語位於句首時的倒裝

為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密,有時可將狀語或表語置於句首,句中主語和謂語完全倒裝:

Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗戶邊坐著一個年輕人,手裡拿著一本雜誌。

注意

在表語置於句首的這類倒裝結構中,要注意其中的謂語應與其後的主語保持一致,而不是與位於句首的表語保持一致。比較:

In the box was a cat. 箱子裡是一隻貓。

In the box were some cats. 箱子裡是一些貓。

4.分詞和不定式置於句首的倒裝

有時為了強調,可將謂語部分的現在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置於句首,從而構成倒裝:

Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。

Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細考慮。

(1) 涉及only的倒裝及考題分析

按英語習慣同,當“only+狀語”位於句首時,其後句子要用部分倒裝。如:

Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那時他才意識到他錯了。

Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用這種方法才能把它做好。

Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有這樣,才能保住我們的榮譽。

Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那時我才明白她的意思。

Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死後我才認識到她的價值。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 當他回到家裡時,才知道出了什麼事。

Only in this way can we learn English. 只有這樣才能學會英語。

The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飛機駕駛員要乘客們放心,這時我才明白剛才的情況有多危險。

Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一點,我同意你的說法。

(2) 涉及副詞so的兩類常考倒裝

這類倒裝主要見於以下兩種情形:

當副詞so後接形容詞或副詞位於句首時,其後要用部分倒裝。如:

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷,我們只好呆在家裡。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然,我們來不及逃跑。@簡單高中生

當要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情況也同樣適合於後者,通常就要用“So+助動詞+主語”這種倒裝結構。如:

You are young and so am I. 你年輕,我也年輕。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜歡音樂,我也喜歡。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。

(3) 倒裝句中的主謂一致

在“副詞here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作狀語或表語的介詞短語或分詞短語+謂語動詞+主語”的倒裝結構中,謂語動詞的數由動詞後面的主語決定。如:

On the wall hang two maps. 牆上掛著兩張地圖。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 牆上掛著一張世界地圖。

Here is your coat. 這是你的外套。

Here are your running-shoes. 這是你的跑鞋。

Such is the result. 結果就是這樣。

Such are the results. 這就是結果。

(4) 副詞後的倒裝

here 和 there 之後以及諸如 back, down, off, up 等一類的副詞小品詞之後,名詞主語一般置於謂語之後。這類副詞常與諸如 come 和 go 等轉移動詞一起連用。如:

Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有輛出租車來了! 最後一班火車開走了! (注意這裡不可用進行時)

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,傘都撐了起來。

當我們給人東西或確定位置時,這種倒裝常用在be之後(主語往往是複數)。如:

Here’s a cup of tea for you. 給你一杯茶。(給東西)

Here’s your letters. 這兒有你的信。(給與或指明)

There’s (重讀) Johnny smith. 約翰尼·史密斯在那兒。(確定位置)

主語如是代詞則不倒裝。如:

Here it comes. 它來了。

There she goes. 她走了。

Up it went. 它上去了。

Here you are. 給你。

There she is. 她在那兒。


(5) 地點狀語後的倒裝

地點狀語後面如有表示位置的動詞 (如lie, live, sit, stand) 或轉移的動詞 (如come, go, rise),用作主語的名詞可以放在動詞之後。這種情形主要出現在描寫文中。如:

At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山頂上。

In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罌粟地裡躺著奄奄一息的士兵們。

別的動詞如屬被動語態也可以倒裝。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 遠處可以見到紫色的山。

主語如是代詞則不能倒裝:

At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背襯青天矗立在山頂上。

(6) 否定副詞之後的倒裝

否定或近似否定副詞(往往是時間或頻度副詞,如never, rarely, seldom),或是具有否定作用的副詞,如 little, on no account 等。如:

Never / Seldom has there been so much protest against the Bomb. 這麼強烈的反對原子彈的抗議活動從未 / 很少 / 有過。

Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他對這個會議的重要性不甚了了。

On no account must you accept any money if he offers it. 他如要給你錢,你可絕不能接受。

當這種副詞不在句首時,當然應該用正常詞序:

There has never / seldom been so much protest against the Bomb. 從未 / 很少發生過這麼強烈的反對原子彈的抗議活動。

He little realizes how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白這個會議的重要性。

另外,有些含有否定意義的介詞短語置於句首時,其後也要用倒裝。如:

In no case should you give up. 你絕不能放棄。

On no condition should we tell her about it. 我們絕不能把此事告訴她。

On no accounts must this switch be touched.這個開關是絕 不能觸摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.無論如何我也不會再借錢給他了。

Under no circumstances should you lend him any money. 你無論如何都不該把錢借給他。

No way will I go on working for that man. 我不再給那個人工作了。

(7) 涉及not only…but also…的部分倒裝

not only…but also…前後連接兩個句子時,not only後的句子要用部分倒裝,但but also後的分句不用倒裝。如:

Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不僅來了,而且還見到了她。

Not only does she speak Spanish, (but) she also knows how to type. 她不但會說西班牙語,還會打字呢。

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不僅是一位教師,而且是一位詩人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不僅他講得更正確,也講得更不費勁了。

Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他們不但做了音樂表演,而且簡短地介紹了西方銅管樂器的歷史。@簡單高中生

(8) 類似So / Neither do I的部分倒裝

so / neither / nor表示前面所說的情況也適合於後者時,其句型是:so / neither / nor+特殊詞+主語。使句此句型需注意以下幾點:

①內容是肯定時,用so,內容是否定時,用neither或nor;

②“特殊詞”與前句中的情態動詞、助動詞或be相同,或根據前句的時態,用do, does, did;

③“特殊詞”的人稱和數與其後的主語一致;

④“特殊詞”本身沒有否定形式。如:

You are young and so am I. 你年輕,我也年輕。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜歡音樂,我也喜歡。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事,我也能。

You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年輕,我也不年輕。

She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她沒有讀它,我也沒有讀。

(9) 涉及so…that的部分倒裝

在so... that…結構中,若將so+adj. / adv. 置於句首,則其後的主句要用部分倒裝。如:

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天氣太冷,我們只好呆在家裡。

So much did they eat that they could not move for the next hour. 他們吃得太多了,一個小時都動彈不得。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他講話聲音那麼大,隔壁屋裡的人都聽得見。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我們幾乎沒法像它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 襲擊來得非常突然,我們來不及逃跑。

類似地,當such…that…結構的such…置於句首時,such後的句子也要使用部分倒裝。如:

Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him. 他像個很和藹的人,所以我們都喜歡他。

(10) 表語或狀語置於句首時的完全倒裝

有時為了強調或者為了使句子平衡或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密,就將表語和地點狀語(多為介詞短語)置於句首,謂語動詞也常置於主語前,構成完全倒裝。如:

By the door stood an armed guard. 門口站著一名手持武器的士兵。

At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐著一個等人的漂亮姑娘。

Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗戶邊坐著一個年輕人,手裡拿著一本雜誌。

At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 書的前部有目錄,詳列了書中的內容。

(11) as引導讓步狀語從句時的倒裝

as作“雖然”解,引導讓步狀語從句時,必須將表語、狀語或動詞原形提到as前面。此時應注意幾點:

① 若提前的表語是沒有形容詞修飾的單數可數名詞,要省略不定冠詞;@簡單高中生

② 若提前的是動詞原形(多為不及物動詞),與之連用的通常是may, might, will, would等,且這些詞都要保留在原來的位置上(主語後);

③ though有時也可像as這樣使作倒裝。如:

Tired as I was, I tried to help them. 雖然我很累,我還是努力幫助他們。

Try as he would, he couldn’t open the door. 他試過多次了, 卻仍打不開那門。

Search as they would, they would find nobody in the house. 無論怎樣搜查,他們在房子裡仍然沒有找到一個人。

Hard as (though) they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind. 儘管他們做了很大努力,卻沒法讓她改變主意。

Boy as he was, he behaved like a girl. 他雖是個男孩,但舉止卻像個女孩。

(12) 非謂語動詞置於句首的倒裝

有時為了強調,可將謂語部分的現在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置於句首,從而構成倒裝。如:

Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。

Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細考慮。

(素材來源於網絡資源,轉發僅供交流學習。)


分享到:


相關文章: